草甸和沼泽植物群落功能多样性与生产力的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

功能多样性-生产力关系研究结果支持质量比假说和多样性假说, 但对于这两种假说的适用条件尚有争议。通过对吉林省西部草甸和沼泽植物群落的地上生物量、2个物种多样性指标(物种丰富度和Shannon-Weaver指数)、7种植物性状的两类功能多样性指标(群落权重均值和Rao二次熵), 以及土壤环境因子进行调查测量, 研究了群落功能多样性与生产力的关系。结果表明: 1)功能多样性与生产力的关系比物种多样性与生产力的关系更为密切; 2)功能群落权重均值解释生产力变异的能力好于Rao二次熵, 即优势物种对群落生产力的影响作用更大; 3)水淹条件影响着功能多样性与生产力的关系, 以群落权重均值为基础的质量比假说适于解释草甸群落功能多样性与生产力的关系, 而以Rao二次熵为基础的多样性假说适于解释有强烈环境筛(水淹)的沼泽群落功能多样性与生产力的关系。

关键词: 生物多样性, 质量比假说, 群落权重均值, 多样性假说, 植物性状, Rao二次熵

Abstract:

Aims There are two hypotheses on the mechanism of functional diversity driving ecosystem processes: one is the mass ratio hypothesis based on dominant species, and the other is the diversity hypothesis based on ecological niche. Both hypotheses have been supported by different studies, but their applicability and universality are still controversial. Our objective was to clarify whether the explanatory ability of these two hypotheses to productivity is influenced by the existence of intensive environmental filtering, which was flooding in this study.
Methods Three meadow communities and three marsh communities were studied over two years in the Momoge National Nature Reserve in western Jilin Province. The aboveground biomass, species diversity (species richness and Shannon-Weaver index), functional diversity (community weighted mean and Rao’s quadratic entropy), and several environmental factors were compared among different communities. The functional diversity was calculated for seven plant traits. The relationship between diversity index and aboveground biomass was explored by simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise method.
Important findings Both Rao’s quadratic entropy and community weighted mean could explain more variation in community productivity than species diversity. Furthermore, both mass ratio hypothesis and diversity hypothesis supported the diversity-productivity relationship. However, the mass ratio hypothesis may play a relatively greater role than the diversity hypothesis, indicating that the ecosystem function mainly depended on the functional traits of dominant species. Intensive environment filtering in terms of flooding affected the diversity-productivity relationship. The mass ratio hypothesis based on community weighted mean explained more variation of the productivity in meadow communities without flooding filtering, while diversity hypothesis based on Rao’s quadratic entropy explained more variation of the productivity in marsh communities with flooding filtering.

Key words: biodiversity, biomass ratio hypothesis, community weighted mean, diversity hypothesis, plant trait, Rao’s quadratic entropy

吕亭亭,王平,燕红,张稳,廖桂项,姜海波,邹畅林,盛连喜. 草甸和沼泽植物群落功能多样性与生产力的关系. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(5): 405-416. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00037

LÜ Ting-Ting,WANG Ping,YAN Hong,ZHANG Wen,LIAO Gui-Xiang,JIANG Hai-Bo,ZOU Chang-Lin,SHENG Lian-Xi. Relationship between functional diversity and productivity in meadow and marsh plant communities. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(5): 405-416. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00037

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00037

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I5/405

图/表 9

表1 研究样点分布特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Distribution and characteristics of the experimental sites (mean ± SE)

生境 Habitat	群落 Community	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	群落高度 Community height (cm)	群落盖度 Community cover (%)
草甸 Meadow	芦苇群落 Phragmites australis community	45.87° N, 123.77° E	134.80	32.98 ± 9.42	50.96 ± 3.79
	虎尾草群落 Chloris virgatas community	46.17° N, 123.55° E	146.40	15.45 ± 2.99	23.89 ± 3.91
	碱蓬群落 Suaeda glauca community	46.67° N, 123.52° E	141.10	7.60 ± 1.34	33.84 ± 5.06
沼泽 Marsh	扁秆藨草群落 Scirpus planiculmis community	45.88° N, 123.70° E	138.90	98.85 ± 17.53	70.94 ± 4.25
	扁秆藨草-芦苇群落 Scirpus planiculmis-Phragmites australis community	46.83° N, 123.67° E	135.30	84.54 ± 20.76	45.50 ± 3.76
	芦苇-荆三棱群落 Phragmites australis-Scirpus fluviatilis community	46.10° N, 123.67° E	140.30	90.34 ± 9.95	35.26 ± 4.88

表2 土壤理化指标的t检验(草甸和沼泽之间)和F检验(不同群落之间)

Table 2 T-test between the meadow and marsh sites, and F-test among communities on soil physical and chemical properties

土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical property	t检验 t-test	F检验 F-test
土壤理化性质 Soil physical and chemical property	t检验 t-test	草甸 Meadow	沼泽 Marsh
有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	-7.00^***	13.86 ± 1.03	40.47 ± 3.26^***
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	-7.07^***	0.78 ± 0.05^***	1.96 ± 0.19^***
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	-0.70	0.30 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.02^***
电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS·cm^-1)	1.79	794.63 ± 112.89^**	550.58 ± 44.09^***
pH	6.88^***	9.97 ± 0.10^***	9.17 ± 0.19^***
水位 Water lever	-	-	29.17 ± 3.04^***

图1 草甸(A)和沼泽(B)中不同植物群落的物种丰富度(S)和Shannon-Weaver指数(H)。CV, 虎尾草群落; LA, 芦苇群落; LS, 芦苇-荆三棱群落; SG, 碱蓬群落; SL, 扁秆藨草-芦苇群落; SP, 扁秆藨草群落。不同小写字母表示群落间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Species richness (S) and Shannon-Weaver index (H) in different plant communities in meadow (A) and marsh (B). CV, Chloris virgate community; LA, Phragmites australis community; LS, Phragmites australis-Scirpus fluviatilis community; SG, Suaeda glauca community; SL, Scirpus compactus-Phragmites australis community; SP, Scirpus planiculmis community. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among communities (p < 0.05).

图2 草甸(A)和沼泽(B)中不同植物群落的地上生物量。CV, 虎尾草群落; LA, 芦苇群落; LS, 芦苇-荆三棱群落; SG, 碱蓬群落; SL, 扁秆藨草-芦苇群落; SP, 扁秆藨草群落。不同小写字母表示群落间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Aboveground biomass of different plant communities in meadow (A) and marsh (B). CV, Chloris virgate community; LA, Phragmites australis community; LS, Phragmites australis-Scirpus fluviatilis community; SG, Suaeda glauca community; SL, Scirpus compactus-Phragmites australis community; SP, Scirpus planiculmis community. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among communities (p < 0.05).

图3 群落地上生物量(lg转换后)与物种多样性(lg转换后)的关系。粗线表示全部群落, 细线表示草甸群落, 虚线表示沼泽群落。*、**和***分别表示p = 0.05、0.01和0.001。

Fig. 3 Relationships between aboveground biomass (lg transformed) and species diversity (lg transformed) of communities. The bold solid line represents all communities, the thin solid line represents meadow communities, and the dash line represents marsh communities. *, ** and *** indicate p = 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.

图4 群落地上生物量(lg转换后)与不同植物性状Rao二次熵的关系。粗线表示全部群落, 细线表示草甸群落, 虚线表示沼泽群落。FDH、FDLDMC (lg转换后)、FDLignin (lg转换后)和FDLS (lg转换后)分别表示植株高度、叶片干物质含量、叶片木质素含量和叶片大小的Rao二次熵。*、**和***分别表示p = 0.05、0.01和0.001。

Fig. 4 Relationships between aboveground biomass (lg transformed) and Rao’s quadratic entropy of different traits of communities. The bold solid line represents all communities, the thin solid line represents meadow communities, and the dash line represents marsh communities. FDH, FDLDMC (lg transformed), FDLignin (lg transformed), FDLS (lg transformed), indicate Rao’s quadratic entropy of plant height, leaf dry matter content, leaf lignin content and leaf size, respectively. *, ** and *** indicate p = 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.

图5 群落地上生物量(lg转换后)与不同植物性状群落权重均值的关系。粗线表示全部群落, 细线表示草甸群落, 虚线表示沼泽群落。CWMH (lg转换后)、CWMLCC、CWMLDMC、CWMLNC (lg转换后)、CWMLS、CWMSLA (lg转换后)分别表示植株高度、叶片碳含量、叶片干物质含量、叶片氮含量、叶片大小和比叶面积的群落权重均值。*、**和***分别表示p = 0.05、0.01和0.001。

Fig. 5 Relationships between aboveground biomass (lg transformed) and community weighted mean of different traits of communities. The bold solid line represents all communities, the thin solid line represents meadow communities, and the dash line represents marsh communities. CWMH (lg transformed), CWMLCC, CWMLDMC, CWMLNC (lg transformed), CWMLS, CWMSLA (lg transformed) indicate community weighted mean of plant height, leaf carbon content, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, leaf size and specific leaf area, respectively. *, ** and *** indicate p = 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively.

表4 群落地上生物量与多样性的逐步回归方程

Table 4 Stepwise regression equations of community aboveground biomass and diversity

	回归方程Regression equation	R²	p
草甸 Meadow	lgW = 2.735 + 0.967 (0.785) lgCWM_H -1.378 (0.348) lgCWM_SLA	0.747	<0.001
沼泽 Marsh	lgW = 4.724 + 0.655 (0.546) lgFD_LDMC -0.226 (0.345) pH	0.442	<0.001
全部 Total	lgW = 1.877 + 0.569 (0.582) lgFD_LS + 0.291 (0.242) lgFD_LDMC + 0.891 (0.961) lgCWM_H -0.04 (0.768) CWM_LS -0.212 (0.223) FD_SLA	0.702	<0.002

表3 草甸和沼泽不同群落间功能多样性的方差分析

Table 3 Summary of ANOVA on functional diversity among meadow and marsh plant communities

指标 Item	草甸 Meadow			沼泽 Marsh
指标 Item	自由度 df	F检验 F-test	显著性 Sig.	自由度 df	F检验 F-test	显著性 Sig.
CWM_H	29	23.633	< 0.001	21	0.927	0.411
CWM_LCC	29	8.148	0.002	21	4.903	0.018
CWM_LDMC	29	7.304	0.003	21	10.494	0.001
CWM_Lignin	29	3.841	0.033	21	18.966	< 0.001
CWM_LNC	29	5.162	0.012	21	14.541	< 0.001
CWM_LS	29	71.731	< 0.001	21	1.528	0.240
CWM_SLA	29	8.082	0.002	21	1.161	0.332
FD_H	29	3.179	0.056	21	7.791	0.003
FD_LCC	29	10.642	< 0.001	21	2.717	0.089
FD_LDMC	29	14.909	< 0.001	21	14.043	< 0.001
FD_Lignin	29	11.241	< 0.001	21	19.152	< 0.001
FD_LNC	29	9.414	0.001	21	2.301	0.125
FD_LS	29	29.094	< 0.001	21	50.351	< 0.001
FD_SLA	29	8.701	0.001	21	10.245	0.001

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