干旱对亚热带人工针叶林碳交换的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.009

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1041-1051.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.009

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态系统碳水能量通量；碳循环

干旱对亚热带人工针叶林碳交换的影响

顾峰雪¹, 于贵瑞²^,^*(), 温学发², 陶波², 李克让², 刘允芬²

1 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京 100081
2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2007-12-06 接受日期:2008-02-25 出版日期:2008-12-06 发布日期:2008-09-30
通讯作者: 于贵瑞
作者简介:*(yugr@igsnrr.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目(30590381);国家自然科学基金面上项目(30670384);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2002CB412501)

DROUGHT EFFECTS ON CARBON EXCHANGE IN A SUBTROPICAL CONIFEROUS PLANTATION IN CHINA

GU Feng-Xue¹, YU Gui-Rui²^,^*(), WEN Xue-Fa², TAO Bo², LI Ke-Rang², LIU Yun-Fen²

¹Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment & Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
²Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2007-12-06 Accepted:2008-02-25 Online:2008-12-06 Published:2008-09-30
Contact: YU Gui-Rui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱对陆地生态系统的影响已成为全球变化研究的焦点问题之一。该研究基于生态系统过程模型——CEVSA2, 结合涡度相关通量观测, 分析了不同程度干旱对亚热带人工针叶林碳交换的影响及其关键控制因素。结果表明: 1)干旱使生态系统碳交换显著下降, 2003和2004年的干旱使得年净生态系统生产力(Net ecosystem production,NEP)相比无干旱影响情景的模拟结果分别减少了63%和47%; 2)光合和呼吸对干旱具有不同的响应, 干旱时光合的下降比呼吸更为显著, 这导致了NEP的显著下降; 3)当饱和水气压差(Vapor pressure deficit, VPD)达到1.5 kPa以上时, 生态系统的光合、呼吸和净碳吸收均开始下降, 当VPD大于2.5 kPa、土壤相对含水量(土壤含水量/土壤饱和含水量)(Relative soil water content, RSW)低于40%时, 生态系统的碳收支由碳汇转为碳源; 4)土壤干旱是造成碳交换下降的主要驱动因素, 对年NEP下降的平均贡献率为46%, 而大气干旱的贡献率仅为4%。

关键词: CEVSA2模型, 干旱, 碳交换, 亚热带人工针叶林, 涡度相关

Abstract:

Aims Drought effects on terrestrial ecosystems are a key issue in global change research. This study was designed to 1) analyze effects of drought on carbon exchange in a subtropical coniferous plantation; 2) elucidate the sensitivity of carbon exchange to different degree of water deficit and the critical values when the ecosystem converts from carbon sink to source and 3) investigate the main factors that control ecosystem carbon exchange when drought occurs.

Methods The CEVSA2 model, which incorporated several significant modifications based on the CEVSA process-based ecosystem model and has been tested by using eddy covariance observation in different forest ecosystems, was parameterized by using site-specific ecophysiological measurements. Drought scenarios were designed to analyze effects on annual carbon budget and to elucidate the main control factors.

Important findings Drought decreases ecosystem production and carbon exchange significantly. Compared with simulation of no drought effect scenario, the droughts in 2003 and 2004 decrease annual net ecosystem production (NEP) by 63% and 47%, respectively. Ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration respond to drought differently, and the more rapid decrease of gross ecosystem production (GEP) than ecosystem respiration (Re) lead to the decrease of NEP when drought occurs. As daily average vapor pressure deficit (VPD) rises above 1.5 kPa, GEP, Re and NEP begin to decrease; When VPD rises above 2.5 kPa and relative soil water content (RSW; soil water content/saturated soil water content) decreases below 40%, the ecosystem converts from a carbon sink to source. Soil water deficit, which is the main factor controlling the ecosystem carbon exchange, accounts for 46% to the decrease of total annual NEP in 2003 and 2004, and atmospheric drought accounts for only 4%.

Key words: CEVSA2 model, drought effect, carbon exchange, subtropical coniferous plantation, eddy covariance

顾峰雪, 于贵瑞, 温学发, 陶波, 李克让, 刘允芬. 干旱对亚热带人工针叶林碳交换的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1041-1051. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.009

GU Feng-Xue, YU Gui-Rui, WEN Xue-Fa, TAO Bo, LI Ke-Rang, LIU Yun-Fen. DROUGHT EFFECTS ON CARBON EXCHANGE IN A SUBTROPICAL CONIFEROUS PLANTATION IN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1041-1051. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.009

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图/表 9

参考文献 37

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参数/单位 Parameter/Unit	描述 Description	数值 Value	来源 Source
Lon	经度 Longitude	115.07	Li等 (2005)
Lat	纬度 Latitude	26.73	Li等 (2005)
VGTY	植被类型 Vegetation type	常绿针叶林 Evengreen broad-leave forestry	CERN
VEGC/ gC·m^-2	植被碳 Vegetation carbon	10 931	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
iLAI / m²·m^-2	初始叶面积指数 Initial LAI	3.2	张红旗等(2004)
YSMC /gC·m^-2	土壤碳 Soil carbon	12 949	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
YSAN/ gN·m^-2	土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen content	22.0	CERN
rato / demensionless	土壤N:C比 Soil nitrogen and carbon ratio	0.063	CERN
INSWC /mm	初始土壤含水量 Initial soil moisture	429	流量观测数据 Flux observation data
SAND、SILT、CLAY /%	土壤颗粒组成 Percentage of soil particle	0.20、0.62、0.18	CERN
MSAT /cm^-3·cm^-3	饱和含水量 (体积) Saturated soil water content (volume)	0.42	CERN
whc / cm^-3·cm^-3	田间持水量(体积) Soil moisture at field capacity (volume)	0.25	CERN
Wilt / cm^-3·cm^-3	凋萎系数 (体积) Soil moisture at wilt point (volume)	0.12	CERN
SMOPT /%	分解的最优含水量 Soil optimum moisture for decomposition	68.0	CERN
SMIE / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	-0.29	CERN
SMAT / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	0.63	CERN
SLA /m²·g^-1C	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.025	Kaduk和Heimann (1996)
ω/ dimensionless	决定分配过程对环境变化敏感程度的参数 Allocation parameter (dimensionless)	0.50	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_L / dimensionless	控制向叶分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to leaves (dimensionless)	0.06	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_S / dimensionless	控制向茎分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to stem (dimensionless)	0.05	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_R / dimensionless	控制向根分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to roots (dimensionless)	0.89	Arora和Boer (2005)

参数/单位 Parameter/Unit	描述 Description	数值 Value	来源 Source
Lon	经度 Longitude	115.07	Li等 (2005)
Lat	纬度 Latitude	26.73	Li等 (2005)
VGTY	植被类型 Vegetation type	常绿针叶林 Evengreen broad-leave forestry	CERN
VEGC/ gC·m^-2	植被碳 Vegetation carbon	10 931	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
iLAI / m²·m^-2	初始叶面积指数 Initial LAI	3.2	张红旗等(2004)
YSMC /gC·m^-2	土壤碳 Soil carbon	12 949	CERN、李家永和袁小华(2001)
YSAN/ gN·m^-2	土壤有效氮 Soil available nitrogen content	22.0	CERN
rato / demensionless	土壤N:C比 Soil nitrogen and carbon ratio	0.063	CERN
INSWC /mm	初始土壤含水量 Initial soil moisture	429	流量观测数据 Flux observation data
SAND、SILT、CLAY /%	土壤颗粒组成 Percentage of soil particle	0.20、0.62、0.18	CERN
MSAT /cm^-3·cm^-3	饱和含水量 (体积) Saturated soil water content (volume)	0.42	CERN
whc / cm^-3·cm^-3	田间持水量(体积) Soil moisture at field capacity (volume)	0.25	CERN
Wilt / cm^-3·cm^-3	凋萎系数 (体积) Soil moisture at wilt point (volume)	0.12	CERN
SMOPT /%	分解的最优含水量 Soil optimum moisture for decomposition	68.0	CERN
SMIE / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	-0.29	CERN
SMAT / dimensionless	土壤有机质分解参数 Parameter for decomposition (dimensionless)	0.63	CERN
SLA /m²·g^-1C	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	0.025	Kaduk和Heimann (1996)
ω/ dimensionless	决定分配过程对环境变化敏感程度的参数 Allocation parameter (dimensionless)	0.50	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_L / dimensionless	控制向叶分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to leaves (dimensionless)	0.06	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_S / dimensionless	控制向茎分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to stem (dimensionless)	0.05	Arora和Boer (2005)
ε_R / dimensionless	控制向根分配的参数 Parameter controlling allocation to roots (dimensionless)	0.89	Arora和Boer (2005)

	长白山 CBS (n=1 095)	哈佛 HF (n=4 745)	千烟洲 QYZ (n=730)
总生态系统生产力 GEP	0.91	0.90	0.73
生态系统呼吸 Re	0.96	0.78	0.93
净生态系统生产力 NEP	0.60	0.81	0.28

	长白山 CBS (n=1 095)	哈佛 HF (n=4 745)	千烟洲 QYZ (n=730)
总生态系统生产力 GEP	0.91	0.90	0.73
生态系统呼吸 Re	0.96	0.78	0.93
净生态系统生产力 NEP	0.60	0.81	0.28

年 Year	情景 Scenarios	GEP变化 Change rate of GEP	Re变化 Change rate of Re	NEP变化 Change rate of NEP
2003	观测值 Observation	-0.32	-0.20	-0.55
	VPD-RSW	-0.38	-0.25	-0.63
	VPD	-0.02	-0.01	-0.05
	RSW	-0.31	-0.21	-0.48
	NONE	0.00	0.00	0.00
2004	观测值 Observation	-0.21	-0.05	-0.49
	VPD-RSW	-0.25	-0.14	-0.47
	VPD	-0.02	-0.01	-0.04
	RSW	-0.23	-0.13	-0.44
	NONE	0.00	0.00	0.00
平均	观测值 Observation	-0.27	-0.12	-0.52
Average	VPD-RSW	-0.32	-0.19	-0.55
	VPD	-0.02	-0.01	-0.04
	RSW	0.00	0.00	0.00
	NONE	-0.27	-0.17	-0.46

干旱对亚热带人工针叶林碳交换的影响

DROUGHT EFFECTS ON CARBON EXCHANGE IN A SUBTROPICAL CONIFEROUS PLANTATION IN CHINA

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