氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花根系生长的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2005~2006年在江苏南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行盆栽试验, 设置正常灌水(土壤含水量为田间持水量的75%左右)和棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)花铃期土壤短期干旱处理(将正常灌水的棉花自然干旱持续8 d, 以棉株出现萎蔫症状为标准, 之后复水至正常灌水水平), 每个处理再设置3个氮素水平(0、3.73、7.46 g N·pot^-1, 分别相当于0、240、480 kg N·hm^-2), 研究氮素对花铃期干旱及复水后棉花根系生长的影响。结果表明, 花铃期干旱条件下, 土壤相对含水量迅速减少, 并随氮素水平的提高而降低。在干旱处理结束时, 与正常灌水处理相比, 干旱处理棉花根重与氮素累积量显著降低, 但干物质根冠比(R/S)与氮素累积量根冠比(R_N/S_N)增大; 根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性明显升高, 而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低, 同时, 丙二醛(MDA)含量相应增大。花铃期短期干旱亦显著降低棉花根系活力与叶片净光合速率。施氮可提高干旱处理棉花根重与氮素累积量, 降低SOD活性, 增强POD与CAT活性, 但以240 kg N·hm^-2水平最有利于根系生长, 其内在生理机制表现为R/S与R_N/S_N最小, 膜脂过氧化程度最低, 而根系活力最强, 其叶片的净光合速率亦最高。复水后, 干旱处理棉花根重与氮素累积量显著高于正常灌水处理; 内源保护酶活性相应变化, 其根系MDA含量与正常灌水处理已无显著差异; 根系活力显著高于正常灌水处理。施氮有助于增加复水后棉花根重与氮素累积量, 提高POD与CAT活性, 降低膜脂过氧化程度, 增强棉花根系活力, 从而提高叶片净光合速率。综合分析认为, 过量施氮或施氮不足均不利于棉花根系生长, 两年的试验结果表明, 在本试验设置的3个氮素水平中, 花铃期干旱胁迫下以240 kg N·hm^-2, 且基施50%, 初花期追施50%较适宜。

关键词: 氮素, 棉花, 土壤干旱, 复水, 根系生长

Abstract:

Aim Our objective was to study effects of nitrogen on drought resistance in terms of changes in root development and activity of water-stressed cotton plants.

Methods We studied short-term water stress using pot experiments by withholding water for eight days and then watering for ten days at Nanjing Agricultural University in 2005 and 2006. Cotton plants were grown at three nitrogen levels (0, 240 and 480 kg N·hm^-2).

Important findings Soil relative water content decreased with increasing N supply during the soil water stress period, while dry matter production and N accumulation increased. The root/shoot ratio and root-N/ shoot-N ratio increased with water stress and were smallest at 240 kg N·hm^-2. Application of N increased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of roots, but decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during water stress as well as during recovery. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly (p<0.05) increased and was smallest in the 240 kg N·hm^-2 treatment during water stress. On the 10th day after soil watering, MDA content at 240 kg N·hm^-2was similar to that at 480 kg N·hm^-2, but was less than that at 0 kg N·hm^-2. Root vigor, which was adversely affected by water stress, was highest at 240kg N·hm^-2. After soil watering, N application promoted root vigor. Trends of net photosynthetic rate were the same as those of root vigor during water stress. These results suggest that appropriate N supply (240 kg N·hm^-2 in this investigation) may contribute to drought resistance of cotton plants by adjusting the antioxidant enzyme activities of roots, decreasing lipid peroxidation and boosting root vigor during water stress; however, excessive N supply (480 kg N·hm^-2) had a deleterious effect on plant drought resistance.

Key words: Key words nitrogen, cotton, soil drought, re-watering, roots growth

刘瑞显, 陈兵林, 王友华, 郭文琦, 周治国. 氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花根系生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 405-413. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.019

LIU Rui-Xian, CHEN Bing-Lin, WANG You-Hua, GUO Wen-Qi, ZHOU Zhi-Guo. EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON COTTON ROOT GROWTH UNDER DROUGHT STRESS AND AFTER WATERING DURING FLOWERING AND BOLL-FORMING STAGES. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 405-413. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.019

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.019

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I2/405

图/表 6

图1 氮素对花铃期干旱下棉花土壤相对含水量的影响(2005~2006) —— 干旱 Drought ------ 正常灌水 Well-watering △N0: 0 kg N·hm-2 □N1: 240 kg N·hm-2 *N2: 480 kg N·hm -2

Fig. 1 Effects of nitrogen on soil relative water content of cotton under soil drought stress during the flowering and boll-forming stage (2005-2006)

表1 氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花干物质与氮素累积及根冠比的影响(2005~2006)

Table 1 Effects of nitrogen on dry matter, N accumulation, shoot/root and shoot N/root N of cotton under drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage (2005-2006)

年份 Year	水分处理 Water treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	干旱处理结束时 The end of drought stress period				复水后第10 d The 10th day after soil re-watering
年份 Year	水分处理 Water treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	干物质重 Dry matter (g)	R/S	氮素累积量 N accumulation (g)	R_N/S_N	干物质重 Dry matter (g)	R/S	氮素累积量 N accumulation (g)	R_N/S_N
2005	干旱	N0	12.6 ^c	0.21 ^a	0.16 ^c	0.39 ^a	14.1 ^c	0.23 ^a	0.19 ^d	0.44 ^a
	Drought	N1	14.5^b	0.19 ^a	0.23 ^b	0.23 ^c	18.3 ^b	0.19^b	0.26 ^c	0.24^b
		N2	15.5 ^ab	0.20 ^a	0.26 ^a	0.24 ^c	20.1 ^a	0.20 ^b	0.35 ^a	0.26^b
	正常灌水	N0	13.8^bc	0.20 ^a	0.17 ^c	0.35 ^b	13.6 ^c	0.17 ^c	0.15 ^e	0.28^b
	Well- watering	N1	16.5^a	0.16^b	0.26 ^a	0.20 ^d	17.8^b	0.14 ^e	0.26 ^c	0.21^c
		N2	17.2^a	0.16^b	0.28 ^a	0.17 ^e	18.8 ^b	0.14 ^e	0.30 ^b	0.18 ^c
2006	干旱	N0	14.1^d	0.45^a	0.10 ^d	0.49 ^a	17.3 ^d	0.45 ^a	0.11 ^e	0.42 ^a
	Drought	N1	15.1^cd	0.29^bc	0.15 ^c	0.25 ^c	23.3 ^ab	0.26 ^c	0.20 ^b	0.23 ^b
		N2	16.4 ^c	0.30^b	0.21 ^a	0.27^b	24.6 ^a	0.28 ^c	0.26 ^a	0.24 ^b
	正常灌水	N0	15.3^cd	0.43 ^a	0.11^d	0.45 ^a	17.0 ^d	0.35 ^b	0.10 ^e	0.29^b
	Well- watering	N1	18.9^b	0.28 ^c	0.17 ^b	0.25 ^c	21.4 ^c	0.19 ^d	0.16 ^d	0.16 ^c
		N2	20.9^a	0.27 ^c	0.22 ^a	0.23^c	22.5 ^bc	0.19 ^d	0.19 ^c	0.15 ^c

图2 氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花根系内源保护酶活性的影响(2005~2006) N0、N1、N2: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen on antioxidant enzyme activities of cotton root under soil drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage (2005-2006)

图3 氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花根系MDA含量的影响(2005~2006) N0、N1、N2: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen on MDA content of cotton root under drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage (2005-2006)

图4 氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花根系活力的影响 (2005~2006) N0、N1、N2: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 4 Effects of nitrogen on cotton root vigor under drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage (2005-2006)

图5 氮素对花铃期干旱再复水后棉花叶片净光合速率的影响(2005~2006) N0、N1、N2: 同图1 See Fig. 1

Fig. 5 Effects of nitrogen on the net photosynthetic rate of cotton leaf under drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage (2005-2006)

参考文献 26

[1]	Ashraf M, Shabaz M, Ashraf MY (2001). Influence of nitrogen supply and water stress on growth and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents in pearl millet. Biologia Plantarum, 44,459-462.
[2]	Ball RA, Osterhuis DK, Mauromoustakos A (1994). Growth dynamics of the cotton plant during water-deficit stress. Agronomy Journal, 86,788-795.
[3]	Ennahli S, Earl H (2005). Physiological limitation to photosynthetic carbon assimilation in cotton under water stress. Crop Science, 45,2374-2382.
[4]	Guenni O, Marin D, Baruch Z (2002). Responses to drought of five Brachiaria species. I. Biomass production, leaf growth, root distribution, water use and forage quality. Plant and Soil, 243,229-241.
[5]	Guo TC (郭天财), Feng W (冯伟), Zhao HJ (赵会杰), Wang HC (王化岑), Wang YH (王永华), Xia GJ (夏国军), Ma D (马冬) (2004). Interactive effect of irrigation and nitrogen application on physiological characteristics of flag leaf and grain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 15,453-457. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Halvoson AD, Reule CA (1994). Nitrogen fertilizer requirements in an annual dryland cropping system. Agronomy Journal, 86,315-318.
[7]	Huang JQ (黄骏麒). China Cotton Farming (中国棉作学)(1998). China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
[8]	Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Escuredo PR, Arrese-Igor C, Becana M (1998). Oxidative damage in pea plant exposed to water deficit or paraquat. Plant Physiology, 119,173-181. DOI URL PMID
[9]	Jin K (金轲), Wang DS (汪德水), Cai DX (蔡典雄), Zhou Y (周涌) (1999). A study on the interactive effect and the model of water and fertilizer on dryland. Scientia Agricultural Sinica (中国农业科学), 32,104-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	Latiri-Souki K, Nortcliff S, Lawlor DW (1998). Nitrogen fertilizer can increase dry matter, grain production and radiation and water use efficiencies for durum wheat under semi-arid conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 9,21-34.
[11]	Li HS(李合生) (2000.). Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment(植物生理生化实验原理和技术). Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese ).
[12]	Ma FY (马富裕), Li MC (李蒙春), Yang JR (杨建荣), Ji XJ(季新疆), Shentu XD(申屠向东), Tao HJ(陶会俊) (2002). A study of effect of water deficit of three periods during cotton anthesis on canopy apparent photosynthesis and WUE. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 35,1467-1477. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	Maranov A, Samedovam A, Shirvany T (1998). Root-shoot relationships in plant adapation to nitrogen deficiency. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, 82,147-154.
[14]	Meng YL(孟亚利), Wang Y(王瑛), Wang LG(王立国), Chen BL(陈兵林), Zhang LZ(张立桢), Shu HM(束红梅), Zhou ZG(周治国) (2006). Effect of composite root population of wheat-cotton intercropping system on cotton root growth. Scientia Agricultural Sinica(中国农业科学), 39,2228-2236. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Nepomuceno AL, Osterhuis DM, Stewart JM (1998). Physiological responses of cotton leaves and roots to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 40,29-41.
[16]	Pinheiro C, Passarinho JA, Ricardo CP (2004). Effects of drought and rewatering on the metabolism of Lupinus albus organs. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161,1203-1210. URL PMID
[17]	Pinheiro HA, DaMatta FM, Chaves ARM, Fontes EPB, Loureiro ME (2004). Drought tolerance in relation to protection against oxidative stress in clones of Coffea canephora subjected to long-term drought. Plant Science, 167,1307-1314.
[18]	Prasertsak A, Fukai S (1997). Nitrogen availability and water stress interaction on rice growth and yield. Field Crops Research, 52,249-260.
[19]	Saneoka H, Moghaieb REA, Premachandra GS, Fujita K (2004). Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relation in Agrostis palustris Huds. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 52,131-138.
[20]	Shangguan ZP, Shao MA, Dyckmans J (2000). Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 44,141-149. DOI URL PMID
[21]	Wang ZM (王宗明), Liang YL (梁银丽) (2003). The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the water sensitivity and physiological parameters of summer maize. Acta Ecologica Sinca (生态学报), 23,751-757. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Xue XP (薛晓萍), Zhou ZG (周治国), Zhang LJ (张丽娟), Wang YL (王以琳), Guo WQ (郭文琦), Chen BL (陈兵林) (2006). Development and application of critical nitrogen concentration dilution model for cotton after flowering. Acta Ecologica Sinca (生态学报), 26,1781-1791. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Zhang FX(张凤翔), Zhou MY(周明耀), Zhou CL(周春林), Qian XQ(钱晓晴) (2006). Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on root morphological characteristics and activities of rice. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 22,197-200. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	Zhang GS(张国盛), Zhang RZ(张仁陟), Huang GB(黄高宝) (2003). Response of root of spring wheat to fertilizers under water stress. Acta Prataculturae Sinica(草业学报), 12,105-109. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	Zhang LX(张立新), Li SX(李生秀) (2007). Effects of nitrogen, potassium and glycinebetaine on the lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activities in water-stressed summer maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物学报), 33,482-490. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	Zhang XC(张绪成), Shangguan ZP(上官周平) (2007). Nitrogen regulatory mechanism in leaf membranes superoxidize of different drought reisistance ability winter wheat. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 13,106-112. (in Chinese with English abstract)