植物生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 889-897.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.001
• 研究论文 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2009-06-09
接受日期:
2010-04-01
出版日期:
2010-06-09
发布日期:
2010-09-28
通讯作者:
李玉辉
作者简介:
* E-mail: lyh123zhang@163.comReceived:
2009-06-09
Accepted:
2010-04-01
Online:
2010-06-09
Published:
2010-09-28
Contact:
LI Yu-Hui
摘要:
喀斯特生境与生物多样性的关系及其对人为干扰的响应是喀斯特地区生态恢复的重要内容。该文以云南石林为例对此进行研究。根据喀斯特溶痕与土壤、植物生长发育关系把石林的溶痕生境划分为溶蚀廊道、溶槽、裂隙溶沟、溶坑和溶蚀石堆等5种。依据石林的现有植被与演替特征, 选择了原生林、次生林、灌丛、灌草丛和石漠化草丛5种群落进行调查。在每一个样地中设置10个10 m × 10 m的样方, 采用记名计数样方法分片调查溶痕生境中的木本植物, 并区分更新层的萌生苗与实生苗; 采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数进行生物多样性计算。调查结果显示: (1)溶痕生境的长度、宽度变化较大。溶痕生境结构比例随群落演替而变化, 其原因可能在于所处演替阶段和干扰程度的差异; (2) 在各种溶痕生境中, 随着群落的退化, 实生更新物种数与实生株数大致表现为递减, 在严重退化阶段部分溶痕生境中没有实生苗的分布, 而萌生更新的物种数则以灌丛为峰值向两极减少, 个体数变化较大。计算结果显示: 在各类溶痕生境(溶蚀石堆除外)中, 实生苗的多样性、丰富度、均匀度大致呈现随群落的退化而降低, 优势度增加; 萌生苗多样性、均匀度、丰富度除溶蚀廊道递减的趋势明显外, 其他类型变化较大。不同演替阶段植物更新策略不同。在喀斯特森林生态系统中, 随着群落的退化, 植物更新逐步趋向于营养繁殖, 其部分原因在于特殊的溶痕生境(除溶蚀廊道)能保存一些植物残体, 而这些残体在反复的干扰下不断萌出茎干(采用营养繁殖)以实现物种的持续生态位, 萌生茎干的成熟为生物多样性维持与生态恢复提供繁殖体来源。
俞筱押, 李玉辉. 滇石林喀斯特植物群落不同演替阶段的溶痕生境中木本植物的更新特征. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(8): 889-897. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.001
YU Xiao-Ya, LI Yu-Hui. Characteristics of woody plant regeneration in karren-habitats successional plant communities in Yunnan Shilin karst area of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(8): 889-897. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.08.001
溶痕生境类型 Type of karren habitat | 面积(m2)与占总面积的百分比(%) Area (m2) and the percentage in total habitats (%) | 形态 Shape | 土壤特征 Characteristics of soil | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度 Length (m) | 宽度 Width (m) | 厚度 Thickness (cm) | 枯枝落叶层厚度 Thickness of Ao horizon (cm) | |||
溶蚀廊道Solution corridors | 624.80 | 12.50 | 1.35-10.00 | 0.60-10.00 | 23.67-65.30 | 1.00-4.00 |
溶槽Solution well or shaft | 284.00 | 5.70 | 0.65-10.00 | 0.30-2.30 | 19.00-64.00 | 1.00-3.00 |
裂隙溶沟 Kluft karren or cleft karren grikcs | 857.20 | 17.10 | 0.20-10.00 | 0.10-0.20 | 1.00-52.00 | 0.00-5.00 |
溶坑 Deep solution pits | 175.00 | 3.50 | 0.40-5.00 | 0.10-0.30 | 9.00-38.50 | 0.00-2.00 |
溶蚀石堆 Solution rock debris | 1 612.50 | 32.30 | 1.15-10.00 | 0.25-10.00 | 32.00-46.00 | 0.00 |
石芽(柱) Stone teeth or stone stalk | 1 446.60 | 28.90 | - | - | - | - |
表1 云南石林地质公园的溶痕生境特征
Table 1 Characteristics of karren-habitats in Yunnan Shilin Geopark
溶痕生境类型 Type of karren habitat | 面积(m2)与占总面积的百分比(%) Area (m2) and the percentage in total habitats (%) | 形态 Shape | 土壤特征 Characteristics of soil | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
长度 Length (m) | 宽度 Width (m) | 厚度 Thickness (cm) | 枯枝落叶层厚度 Thickness of Ao horizon (cm) | |||
溶蚀廊道Solution corridors | 624.80 | 12.50 | 1.35-10.00 | 0.60-10.00 | 23.67-65.30 | 1.00-4.00 |
溶槽Solution well or shaft | 284.00 | 5.70 | 0.65-10.00 | 0.30-2.30 | 19.00-64.00 | 1.00-3.00 |
裂隙溶沟 Kluft karren or cleft karren grikcs | 857.20 | 17.10 | 0.20-10.00 | 0.10-0.20 | 1.00-52.00 | 0.00-5.00 |
溶坑 Deep solution pits | 175.00 | 3.50 | 0.40-5.00 | 0.10-0.30 | 9.00-38.50 | 0.00-2.00 |
溶蚀石堆 Solution rock debris | 1 612.50 | 32.30 | 1.15-10.00 | 0.25-10.00 | 32.00-46.00 | 0.00 |
石芽(柱) Stone teeth or stone stalk | 1 446.60 | 28.90 | - | - | - | - |
溶痕生境类型 Type of karren habitat | 面积(m2)与在该群落中的比例(%) Area (m2) and the percentage in community (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
滇青冈林Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest | 团花新木姜子林 Neolitsea homilantha forest | 灌丛 Shrubland | 灌草丛 Shrub tussock | 石漠化草丛 Rocky-desertified grassland | |
A (P) | A (P) | A (P) | A (P) | A (P) | |
溶蚀廊道Solution corridors | 102.0 (10.2) | 150.4 (15.0) | 183.7 (18.4) | 35.5 (3.6) | 153.1 (15.3) |
溶槽Solution well or shaft | 58.7 (5.90) | 32.8 (3.3) | 144.4 (14.4) | 46.3 (4.6) | 1.7 (0.2) |
裂隙溶沟 Kluft karren | 126.6 (12.7) | 370.7 (37.0) | 108.6 (10.9) | 202.8 (20.3) | 48.4 (4.8) |
溶坑Deep solution pits | 55.1 (5.5) | 4.1 (0.4) | 55.0 (5.5) | 55.6 (5.6) | 5.1 (0.5) |
溶蚀石堆Solution rock debris | 317.0 (31.7) | 200.0 (20.0) | 181.0 (18.1) | 201.1 (20.1) | 713.3 (71.3) |
石芽(柱) clint or stalagnate | 340.5 (34.0.) | 241.9 (24.2) | 327.3 (32.7) | 458.5 (45.9) | 78.4 (7.8) |
表2 云南石林地质公园不同群落中的溶痕生境分布
Table 2 Distributions of karren-habitat in plant communities in Yunnan Shilin Park
溶痕生境类型 Type of karren habitat | 面积(m2)与在该群落中的比例(%) Area (m2) and the percentage in community (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
滇青冈林Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest | 团花新木姜子林 Neolitsea homilantha forest | 灌丛 Shrubland | 灌草丛 Shrub tussock | 石漠化草丛 Rocky-desertified grassland | |
A (P) | A (P) | A (P) | A (P) | A (P) | |
溶蚀廊道Solution corridors | 102.0 (10.2) | 150.4 (15.0) | 183.7 (18.4) | 35.5 (3.6) | 153.1 (15.3) |
溶槽Solution well or shaft | 58.7 (5.90) | 32.8 (3.3) | 144.4 (14.4) | 46.3 (4.6) | 1.7 (0.2) |
裂隙溶沟 Kluft karren | 126.6 (12.7) | 370.7 (37.0) | 108.6 (10.9) | 202.8 (20.3) | 48.4 (4.8) |
溶坑Deep solution pits | 55.1 (5.5) | 4.1 (0.4) | 55.0 (5.5) | 55.6 (5.6) | 5.1 (0.5) |
溶蚀石堆Solution rock debris | 317.0 (31.7) | 200.0 (20.0) | 181.0 (18.1) | 201.1 (20.1) | 713.3 (71.3) |
石芽(柱) clint or stalagnate | 340.5 (34.0.) | 241.9 (24.2) | 327.3 (32.7) | 458.5 (45.9) | 78.4 (7.8) |
溶蚀廊道 Solution corridors | 溶槽 Solution well or shaft | 裂隙溶沟 Kluft karren or cleft karren grikcs | 溶坑 Deep solution pits | 溶蚀石堆 Solution rock debris | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生Sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生Sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生 Sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生Sprouting S/I | |
S1 | 27 (80.97) | 18 (19.03) | 25 (89.14) | 8 (10.86) | 35 (85.43) | 18 (14.57) | 20 (74.48) | 21 (25.52) | 28 (77.68) | 19 (22.32) |
S2 | 21 (37.54) | 21 (62.46) | 8 (42.26) | 11 (57.74) | 23 (50.32) | 18 (49.68) | 6 (18.95) | 2 (81.05) | 3 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) |
S3 | 11 (3.76) | 27 (96.24) | 7 (2.87) | 20 (97.13) | 13 (5.18) | 27 (94.82) | 7 (1.68) | 22 (98.32) | 9 (3.65) | 32 (96.35) |
S4 | 0 (0.00) | 19 (100.00) | 1 (0.10) | 18 (99.90) | 9 (0.45) | 36 (99.55) | 3 (0.29) | 23 (99.71) | 4 (0.30) | 23 (99.70) |
S5 | 1 (0.15) | 12 (99.85) | 1 (2.94) | 7 (97.06) | 1 (1.20) | 7 (98.80) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (100.00) | 12 (1.65) | 26 (98.35) |
表3 各溶痕生境的实生苗和萌生茎干的物种数和植株数的比例
Table 3 Ratio of species number and individuals of seedling to sprouting in Karren habitats
溶蚀廊道 Solution corridors | 溶槽 Solution well or shaft | 裂隙溶沟 Kluft karren or cleft karren grikcs | 溶坑 Deep solution pits | 溶蚀石堆 Solution rock debris | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生Sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生Sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生 Sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生sprouting S/I | 实生 Seeding S/I | 萌生Sprouting S/I | |
S1 | 27 (80.97) | 18 (19.03) | 25 (89.14) | 8 (10.86) | 35 (85.43) | 18 (14.57) | 20 (74.48) | 21 (25.52) | 28 (77.68) | 19 (22.32) |
S2 | 21 (37.54) | 21 (62.46) | 8 (42.26) | 11 (57.74) | 23 (50.32) | 18 (49.68) | 6 (18.95) | 2 (81.05) | 3 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) |
S3 | 11 (3.76) | 27 (96.24) | 7 (2.87) | 20 (97.13) | 13 (5.18) | 27 (94.82) | 7 (1.68) | 22 (98.32) | 9 (3.65) | 32 (96.35) |
S4 | 0 (0.00) | 19 (100.00) | 1 (0.10) | 18 (99.90) | 9 (0.45) | 36 (99.55) | 3 (0.29) | 23 (99.71) | 4 (0.30) | 23 (99.70) |
S5 | 1 (0.15) | 12 (99.85) | 1 (2.94) | 7 (97.06) | 1 (1.20) | 7 (98.80) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (100.00) | 12 (1.65) | 26 (98.35) |
图1 各溶痕生境实生苗和萌生苗的数量特征。 0S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, 同表3。
Fig. 1 Quantitative characteristics of seedling and sprouting in regeneration layer of different karren-habitats. S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, see Table 3.
图2 溶痕生境更新层中木本植物的萌生多样性特征。 S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, 同表3。
Fig. 2 Characteristics of sprouting diversity index in regeneration layer of different karren-habitats. ==103S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, see Table 3.
图3 溶痕生境更新层中木本植物的实生多样性特征。 S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, 同表3。
Fig. 3 Characteristics of seedling diversity index in regeneration layer of karren-habitats. S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, see Table 3.
[1] | Bellingham PJ, Sparrow AD (2000). Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities. Oikos, 89, 409-416. |
[2] |
Bond JW, Midgley JJ (2001). Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16, 45-51.
DOI URL PMID |
[3] | Bond JW, Midgley JJ (2003). The evolutionary ecology of sprouting in woody plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164, 103-114. |
[4] | Clements R, Sodhi NS, Schilthuizen M, Ng PKL (2006). Limestone karsts of Southeast Asia: imperiled arks of biodiversity. BioScience, 56, 733-742. |
[5] | del Tredici P (2001). Sprouting in temperate trees: a morphological and ecological review. The Botanical Review, 67, 121-140. |
[6] | Grant CD, Loneragan WA (1999). The effect of burning on the understorey composition of 11-13 year-old rehabilitated bauxite mines in Western Australia. Plant Ecology, 145, 291-305. |
[7] | Handel SN, Robinson GR, Beattie AJ (1994). Biodiversity resources for restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology, 2, 230-241. |
[8] | Han YZ (韩有志), Wang ZQ (王政权) (2002). Spatial heterogeneity and forest regeneration. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 13, 615-619. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[9] | Jin ZZ (金振洲), Peng J (彭鉴) (1998). Vegetation of Kunming (昆明植被). Yunnan Science and Technology Press, Kunming. (in Chinese) |
[10] | Kammesheidt L (1998). The role of tree sprouts in the restoration of stand structure and species diversity in tropical moist forest after slash-and-burn agriculture in Eastern Paraguay. Plant Ecology, 139, 155-165. |
[11] | Li YH (李玉辉) (2002). Morphological types and their features of Shilin karst in Yunnan, China. Carsologica Sinica (中国岩溶), 21, 260-267. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[12] | Li YH (李玉辉), Feng ZQ (冯正清), Yu XY (俞筱押), Ma ZP (马遵平) (2005). Eventful changes of the vegetation in Shilin National Park and its significance. Carsologica Sinica (中国岩溶), 24, 212-219. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[13] | Liu JM (刘济明) (2000). The reproductive and regenerative countermeasures of the main woody species in Maolan karst forest. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 36(5), 114-122. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[14] | Long CL (龙翠玲) (2006). Study on the regeneration niche of major tree species in gaps in the Karst forest in Maolan Nature Reserve. Journal of Mountain Agriculture & Biology (山地农业与生物学报), 25, 302-306. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[15] | Long CL (龙翠玲), Yu SX (余世孝) (2007). Dynamics of species composition and generation pattern in the gaps of Karst forest in Maolan, Guizhou Province. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 43(9), 7-12. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[16] | Ma KP (马克平) (1994). The measurement of community diversity. In: Qian YQ (钱迎倩), Ma KP (马克平) eds. Principle and Method to Biodiversity Studies (生物多样性的原理和方法) China Science and Technology Press, Beijing. 141-165. (in Chinese) |
[17] | Mao ZH (毛志宏), Zhu JJ (朱教君) (2006). Effects of disturbances on species composition and diversity of plant communities. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 26, 2695-2701. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[18] | Naylor LA (2005). The contributions of biogeomorphology to the emerging field of geobiology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 219, 35-51. |
[19] | Puasas JG (2001). Resprouting vs. seeding: a Mediterranean perspective. Oikos, 94, 193-194. |
[20] |
Rice KJ, Gordon DR, Hardison JL, Welker JM (1993). Phenotypic variation in seedlings of a “keystone” tree species (Quercus douglasii), the interactive effects of acorn source and competitive environment. Oecologia, 96, 537-547.
URL PMID |
[21] | Wang BS (王伯荪) (1998). The mosaic regime of vegetation. Ecologic Science (生态科学), 17(2), 1-7. |
[22] | Wang Z (王哲), Zhang GS (张国盛), Wang LH (王林和), Hao YL (郝云龙), Wang M (王敏) (2007). Microhabitat characteristics of nature regeneration of Sabina vulgaris community in Mu Us Sandland. Journal of Arid Land Resource and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 21(4), 156-163. |
[23] | Shen YX (沈有信), Liu WY (刘文耀), Li YH (李玉辉), Cui JW (崔建武) (2005). Community ecology study on Karst semihumid evergreen broadleaved forest at the central part of Yunnan. Guihaia (广西植物), 25, 321-326. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[24] | Simões CG, Marques MCM (2007). The role of sprouts in the restoration of Atlantic rainforest in Southern Brazil. Restoration Ecology, 15, 53-59. |
[25] | Song YC (宋永昌), Chen XY (陈小勇) (2007). Degradation Mechanism and Ecological Restoration of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest Ecosystem in East China (中国东部常绿阔叶林生态系统退化机制与生态恢复). Science Press, Beijing. 355-370. (in Chinese) |
[26] | Williams P (2008). World heritage caves and karst: a thematic study. http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/cavesandkarst-wh.pdf. Cited: 9 Jan. 2009. |
[27] | Yu XY (俞筱押), Li YH (李玉辉), Ma ZP (马遵平) (2007). A preliminary study on flora diversity of karst microhabitat in Shilin Park, Yunnan, China. Journal of Mountain Science (山地学报), 25, 438-447. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[28] | Zhu SQ (朱守谦), He JX (何纪星), Wei LM (魏鲁明) (2003). A study on microhabitats to karst forest in Maolan. In: Zhu SQ (朱守谦) ed. Ecological Research on Karst Forest (III) (喀斯特森林生态研究(III)) Guizhou Science and Technology Press, Guiyang. 38-48. (in Chinese) |
[1] | 陈雪萍, 赵学勇, 张晶, 王瑞雄, 卢建男. 基于地理探测器的科尔沁沙地植被NDVI时空变化特征及其驱动因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(8): 1082-1093. |
[2] | 张中扬, 宋希强, 任明迅, 张哲. 附生维管植物生境营建作用的生态学功能[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(7): 895-911. |
[3] | 罗娜娜, 盛茂银, 王霖娇, 石庆龙, 何宇. 长期植被恢复对中国西南喀斯特石漠化土壤活性有机碳组分含量和酶活性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 867-881. |
[4] | 杨佳绒, 戴冬, 陈俊芳, 吴宪, 刘啸林, 刘宇. 丛枝菌根真菌多样性对植物群落构建和稀有种维持的研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 745-755. |
[5] | 张琦, 冯可, 常智慧, 何双辉, 徐维启. 灌丛化对林草交错带植物和土壤微生物的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(6): 770-781. |
[6] | 冯可, 刘冬梅, 张琦, 安菁, 何双辉. 旅游干扰对松山油松林土壤微生物多样性及群落结构的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(4): 584-596. |
[7] | 李耀琪, 王志恒. 植物功能生物地理学的研究进展与展望[J]. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(2): 145-169. |
[8] | 孙彩丽, 仇模升, 黄朝相, 王艺伟. 黔西南石漠化过程中土壤胞外酶活性及其化学计量变化特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(7): 834-845. |
[9] | 马和平, 王瑞红, 屈兴乐, 袁敏, 慕金勇, 李金航. 不同生境对藏东南地面生苔藓多样性和生物量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(5): 552-560. |
[10] | 崔光帅, 罗天祥, 梁尔源, 张林. 干旱半干旱区灌丛对草本植物的促进作用研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(11): 1321-1333. |
[11] | 薛金儒, 吕肖良. 黄土高原生态工程实施下基于日光诱导叶绿素荧光的植被恢复生产力效益评价[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(10): 1289-1304. |
[12] | 田佳玉, 王彬, 张志明, 林露湘. 光谱多样性在植物多样性监测与评估中的应用[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(10): 1129-1150. |
[13] | 李孝龙, 周俊, 彭飞, 钟宏韬, Hans LAMBERS. 植物养分捕获策略随成土年龄的变化及生态学意义[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 714-727. |
[14] | 孙浩哲, 王襄平, 张树斌, 吴鹏, 杨蕾. 阔叶红松林不同演替阶段凋落物产量及其稳定性的影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(6): 594-605. |
[15] | 姜鑫, 牛克昌. 青藏高原禾草混播对土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 539-551. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 版权所有 《植物生态学报》编辑部
地址: 北京香山南辛村20号, 邮编: 100093
Tel.: 010-62836134, 62836138; Fax: 010-82599431; E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn
备案号: 京ICP备16067583号-19