植被演替过程中种群格局动态的分形分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文根据“空间代替时间”的原则和对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)种群的重要值-平均胸径的变动趋势的分析,确定5个森林群落为广东省黑石顶自然保护区森林群落演替的一个时间序列;并在此基础上,运用分形理论的计盒维数和信息维数,对演替过程中马尾松种群空间格局的动态进行了分形分析。结果表明,马尾松种群的计盒维数和信息维数2个参数值均呈递减趋势,与其个体数、重要值变动趋势一致。在群落的演替过程中,马尾松种群的空间占据能力不断下降,种群呈衰退趋势。随其在群落中的优势地位逐渐被其它种群取代,群落将由以马尾松占绝对优势的单优群落演替为多优常绿阔叶林群落。分析结果同时表明,分形分析是群落演替过程中种群空间格局动态研究的有效方法,分形维数则能反映种群格局的尺度变化规律。

关键词: 森林群落, 演替, 格局动态, 黑石顶, 计盒维数, 信息维数

Abstract:

Background and Aims The dynamics and fractal characteristics of population patterns during vegetation succession are rarely explored. Scale, pattern and process of ecological succession are three intertwined concepts in modern ecology. Succession research will inevitably involve scale and pattern analyses. Fractal theory can be employed as an effective tool for synergic analysis of scale, pattern and successional processes. There are few reports on pattern dynamics of Pinus massoniana, a species that declines during succession in southern China. Five forest communities were selected in Heishiding Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province for a case study. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether results obtained by employing fractal analysis are consistent with those from traditional research where space is substituted for time and 2) the pattern dynamics of P. massoniana and the ecological meaning of the change of fractal characteristics in succession.

Methods For the traditional space-for-time succession approach, we analyzed importance value (IV) and mean diameter at breast height (DBH) of P. massoniana, and the selected forest communities were treated as a time series of five successional stages. The box-counting dimension (Dbox) and information dimension (Dinfo) from fractal theory were employed to analyze the pattern dynamics of P. massoniana.

Key Results Dbox and Dinfo of P. massoniana decreased during succession, in accordance with number of individuals and IV, and the traditional method of substituting space for time was applicable in this study. This demonstrated deteriorating regeneration conditions and decreasing ability of spatial occupation of P. massoniana with succession—thatP. massoniana had a declining population. With its loss of dominance, the community would turn from P. massoniana dominance into a multi-population dominated evergreen broadleaved forest community. The results of fractal analysis were not only consistent with those of the trend analysis of IV and mean DBH, but also yielded more ecological information about scale-related spatial pattern of the population, its degree of spatial occupation and its role in community and regeneration conditions.

Conclusions This study indicated that fractal analysis is an effective approach to study dynamic pattern analysis during forest succession, and the results were more reliable than those obtained by employing only IV and mean DBH in a traditional space-for-time approach.

Key words: Forest community, Succession, Pattern dynamics, Heishiding Nature Reserve, Box-counting dimension, Information dimension

王本洋, 余世孝, 王永繁. 植被演替过程中种群格局动态的分形分析. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(6): 924-930. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0117

WANG Ben-Yang, YU Shi-Xiao, WANG Yong-Fan. FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF POPULATION PATTERNS DURING VEGETATION SUCCESSION. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(6): 924-930. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0117

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0117

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I6/924

图/表 5

参考文献 21

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群落编号 Community code	种群 Population	株数 Number	胸径范围 DBH Range (cm)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	相对多度 RA	相对频度 RF	相对显著度 RD	重要值 IV
C1	马尾松 Pm	249	3.8~31.5	18.2	27.67	11.92	92.45	132.04
	三叉苦 El	115	1.1~4.8	1.7	12.78	7.62	0.36	20.75
	黄牛木 Cl	65	1.1~4.8	2.6	7.22	8.94	0.50	16.67
	荚 Vd	94	1.1~1.9	1.5	10.44	2.98	0.22	13.64
	黄樟 Cp	37	1.1~12.1	4.6	4.11	7.28	1.10	12.49
	桃金娘 Rt	56	1.1~3.0	1.4	6.22	5.30	0.12	11.64
C2	马尾松 Pm	144	1.9~59.5	14.9	10.28	5.41	55.15	70.84
	鼠刺 Itc	148	1.0~13.5	4.5	10.56	5.06	4.96	20.59
	桃金娘 Rt	170	1.1~10.2	1.8	12.13	4.54	1.01	17.68
	木荷 Ss	50	1.1~50.9	8.6	3.57	3.84	9.14	16.54
	水粟 Cn	79	1.1~14.0	3.9	5.64	5.24	2.43	13.30
	黄牛奶树 Sl	71	1.1~12.2	4.4	5.07	4.01	2.53	11.61
C3	马尾松 Pm	52	3.8~50.9	25.6	4.49	5.45	41.96	51.90
	福建青冈 Qc	136	1.2~30.1	8.3	11.73	2.72	13.53	27.99
	罗浮柿 Dm	71	1.1~24.5	4.3	6.13	5.64	2.45	14.22
	鼠刺 Itc	85	1.1~17.5	3.8	7.33	4.86	1.96	14.16
	甜茶木周 Ll	64	1.0~20.5	5.3	5.52	3.89	3.87	13.29
	水粟 Cn	18	2.5~38.5	19.7	1.55	0.97	8.43	10.96
	桃金娘 Rt	80	1.1~3.0	1.5	6.90	3.70	0.20	10.79
C4	马尾松 Pm	18	9.2~61.1	40.7	1.00	1.87	19.25	22.12
	米椎 Cc	6	1.3~159.2	34.2	0.33	0.57	15.41	16.32
	短花序楠 Mb	138	1.1~21.5	4.9	7.70	4.73	3.01	15.45
	小叶胭脂 As	64	1.2~41.1	11.7	3.57	4.16	7.55	15.28
	粘木 Ixc	48	1.1~39.0	16.9	2.68	2.30	9.37	14.35
	黄枝木 Xh	143	1.3~11.3	3.6	7.98	3.73	1.39	13.10
	显脉木姜 Np	127	1.1~12.5	2.2	7.09	3.30	0.56	10.95
	水粟 Cn	39	1.1~44.2	9.7	2.18	2.58	5.33	10.09
C5	黄枝木 Xh	242	1.1~21.3	5.5	17.20	5.94	5.17	28.31
	水粟 Cn	32	1.3~84.4	27.1	2.27	3.14	18.16	23.57
	长叶木姜 Le	102	1.2~38.8	9.9	7.25	5.28	8.22	20.75
	阿丁枫 Ac	54	1.2~74.8	15.3	3.84	2.81	11.17	17.82
	马尾松 Pm	7	30.9~74.0	53.3	0.50	0.83	10.89	12.22
	粘木 Ixc	27	1.6~39.0	19.3	1.92	2.48	5.96	10.35
	小叶胭脂 As	47	1.1~31.3	8.2	3.34	3.96	2.98	10.28
	红鳞蒲桃 Sh	76	1.1~20.4	3.4	5.40	3.96	0.69	10.05

群落编号 Community code	种群 Population	株数 Number	胸径范围 DBH Range (cm)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	相对多度 RA	相对频度 RF	相对显著度 RD	重要值 IV
C1	马尾松 Pm	249	3.8~31.5	18.2	27.67	11.92	92.45	132.04
	三叉苦 El	115	1.1~4.8	1.7	12.78	7.62	0.36	20.75
	黄牛木 Cl	65	1.1~4.8	2.6	7.22	8.94	0.50	16.67
	荚 Vd	94	1.1~1.9	1.5	10.44	2.98	0.22	13.64
	黄樟 Cp	37	1.1~12.1	4.6	4.11	7.28	1.10	12.49
	桃金娘 Rt	56	1.1~3.0	1.4	6.22	5.30	0.12	11.64
C2	马尾松 Pm	144	1.9~59.5	14.9	10.28	5.41	55.15	70.84
	鼠刺 Itc	148	1.0~13.5	4.5	10.56	5.06	4.96	20.59
	桃金娘 Rt	170	1.1~10.2	1.8	12.13	4.54	1.01	17.68
	木荷 Ss	50	1.1~50.9	8.6	3.57	3.84	9.14	16.54
	水粟 Cn	79	1.1~14.0	3.9	5.64	5.24	2.43	13.30
	黄牛奶树 Sl	71	1.1~12.2	4.4	5.07	4.01	2.53	11.61
C3	马尾松 Pm	52	3.8~50.9	25.6	4.49	5.45	41.96	51.90
	福建青冈 Qc	136	1.2~30.1	8.3	11.73	2.72	13.53	27.99
	罗浮柿 Dm	71	1.1~24.5	4.3	6.13	5.64	2.45	14.22
	鼠刺 Itc	85	1.1~17.5	3.8	7.33	4.86	1.96	14.16
	甜茶木周 Ll	64	1.0~20.5	5.3	5.52	3.89	3.87	13.29
	水粟 Cn	18	2.5~38.5	19.7	1.55	0.97	8.43	10.96
	桃金娘 Rt	80	1.1~3.0	1.5	6.90	3.70	0.20	10.79
C4	马尾松 Pm	18	9.2~61.1	40.7	1.00	1.87	19.25	22.12
	米椎 Cc	6	1.3~159.2	34.2	0.33	0.57	15.41	16.32
	短花序楠 Mb	138	1.1~21.5	4.9	7.70	4.73	3.01	15.45
	小叶胭脂 As	64	1.2~41.1	11.7	3.57	4.16	7.55	15.28
	粘木 Ixc	48	1.1~39.0	16.9	2.68	2.30	9.37	14.35
	黄枝木 Xh	143	1.3~11.3	3.6	7.98	3.73	1.39	13.10
	显脉木姜 Np	127	1.1~12.5	2.2	7.09	3.30	0.56	10.95
	水粟 Cn	39	1.1~44.2	9.7	2.18	2.58	5.33	10.09
C5	黄枝木 Xh	242	1.1~21.3	5.5	17.20	5.94	5.17	28.31
	水粟 Cn	32	1.3~84.4	27.1	2.27	3.14	18.16	23.57
	长叶木姜 Le	102	1.2~38.8	9.9	7.25	5.28	8.22	20.75
	阿丁枫 Ac	54	1.2~74.8	15.3	3.84	2.81	11.17	17.82
	马尾松 Pm	7	30.9~74.0	53.3	0.50	0.83	10.89	12.22
	粘木 Ixc	27	1.6~39.0	19.3	1.92	2.48	5.96	10.35
	小叶胭脂 As	47	1.1~31.3	8.2	3.34	3.96	2.98	10.28
	红鳞蒲桃 Sh	76	1.1~20.4	3.4	5.40	3.96	0.69	10.05

群落编号 Community code	种群 Population	尺度范围 Scale range (m)	计盒维数 Box-counting dimension (Db)		信息维数 Information dimension (Di)
群落编号 Community code	种群 Population	尺度范围 Scale range (m)	Db 值 Db value	相关系数(R) Correlation coefficient	Di 值 Di value	相关系数R Correlation coefficient
C1	马尾松 Pm	4~30	1.782	0.996	1.692	0.996
	三叉苦 El	4~30	1.317	0.991	1.424	0.994
	黄牛木 Cl	4~30	1.112	0.959	1.131	0.978
	荚 Vd	4~30	0.401	0.882	0.266	0.796^*
	黄樟 Cp	4~30	0.933	0.943	1.021	0.950
	桃金娘 Rt	4~30	0.824	0.959	0.770	0.982
C2	马尾松 Pm	4~30	1.581	0.990	1.571	0.995
	鼠刺 Itc	4~30	1.359	0.985	1.236	0.992
	桃金娘 Rt	4~30	1.259	0.979	1.097	0.972
	木荷 Ss	4~30	0.928	0.938	0.900	0.964
	水粟 Cn	4~30	1.318	0.972	1.288	0.978
	黄牛奶树 Sl	4~30	1.146	0.965	1.097	0.971
C3	马尾松 Pm	6~30	1.414	0.983	1.446	0.989
	福建青冈 Qc	4~30	0.924	0.956	0.898	0.955
	罗浮柿 Dm	4~30	1.218	0.969	1.236	0.980
	鼠刺 Itc	4~30	1.115	0.969	1.081	0.976
	甜茶木周 Ll	4~30	0.960	0.960	0.909	0.958
	水粟 Cn	4~30	0.279	0.700^*	0.298	0.732^*
	桃金娘 Rt	4~30	1.042	0.976	1.091	0.994
C4	马尾松 Pm	4~30	0.586	0.907	0.598	0.924
	米椎 Cc	10~30	0.630	0.960^*	0.588	0.986^*
	短花序楠 Mb	4~30	1.399	0.978	1.333	0.983
	小叶胭脂 As	4~30	1.252	0.975	1.301	0.983
	粘木 Ixc	4~30	0.831	0.951	0.862	0.953
	黄枝木 Xh	4~30	1.415	0.993	1.426	0.996
	显脉木姜 Np	4~30	1.383	0.995	1.467	0.996
	水粟 Cn	4~30	0.844	0.953	0.863	0.954
C5	黄枝木 Xh	4~30	1.686	0.994	1.618	0.996
	水粟 Cn	4~30	0.728	0.905	0.780	0.923
	长叶木姜 Le	4~30	1.400	0.982	1.365	0.987
	阿丁枫 Ac	4~30	1.000	0.975	1.074	0.984
	马尾松 Pm	4~30	0.389	0.878	0.483	0.893
	粘木 Ixc	4~30	0.644	0.910	0.666	0.942
	小叶胭脂 As	4~30	1.034	0.960	1.074	0.974
	红鳞蒲桃 Sh	4~30	1.166	0.975	1.188	0.987

群落编号 Community code	种群 Population	尺度范围 Scale range (m)	计盒维数 Box-counting dimension (Db)		信息维数 Information dimension (Di)
群落编号 Community code	种群 Population	尺度范围 Scale range (m)	Db 值 Db value	相关系数(R) Correlation coefficient	Di 值 Di value	相关系数R Correlation coefficient
C1	马尾松 Pm	4~30	1.782	0.996	1.692	0.996
	三叉苦 El	4~30	1.317	0.991	1.424	0.994
	黄牛木 Cl	4~30	1.112	0.959	1.131	0.978
	荚 Vd	4~30	0.401	0.882	0.266	0.796^*
	黄樟 Cp	4~30	0.933	0.943	1.021	0.950
	桃金娘 Rt	4~30	0.824	0.959	0.770	0.982
C2	马尾松 Pm	4~30	1.581	0.990	1.571	0.995
	鼠刺 Itc	4~30	1.359	0.985	1.236	0.992
	桃金娘 Rt	4~30	1.259	0.979	1.097	0.972
	木荷 Ss	4~30	0.928	0.938	0.900	0.964
	水粟 Cn	4~30	1.318	0.972	1.288	0.978
	黄牛奶树 Sl	4~30	1.146	0.965	1.097	0.971
C3	马尾松 Pm	6~30	1.414	0.983	1.446	0.989
	福建青冈 Qc	4~30	0.924	0.956	0.898	0.955
	罗浮柿 Dm	4~30	1.218	0.969	1.236	0.980
	鼠刺 Itc	4~30	1.115	0.969	1.081	0.976
	甜茶木周 Ll	4~30	0.960	0.960	0.909	0.958
	水粟 Cn	4~30	0.279	0.700^*	0.298	0.732^*
	桃金娘 Rt	4~30	1.042	0.976	1.091	0.994
C4	马尾松 Pm	4~30	0.586	0.907	0.598	0.924
	米椎 Cc	10~30	0.630	0.960^*	0.588	0.986^*
	短花序楠 Mb	4~30	1.399	0.978	1.333	0.983
	小叶胭脂 As	4~30	1.252	0.975	1.301	0.983
	粘木 Ixc	4~30	0.831	0.951	0.862	0.953
	黄枝木 Xh	4~30	1.415	0.993	1.426	0.996
	显脉木姜 Np	4~30	1.383	0.995	1.467	0.996
	水粟 Cn	4~30	0.844	0.953	0.863	0.954
C5	黄枝木 Xh	4~30	1.686	0.994	1.618	0.996
	水粟 Cn	4~30	0.728	0.905	0.780	0.923
	长叶木姜 Le	4~30	1.400	0.982	1.365	0.987
	阿丁枫 Ac	4~30	1.000	0.975	1.074	0.984
	马尾松 Pm	4~30	0.389	0.878	0.483	0.893
	粘木 Ixc	4~30	0.644	0.910	0.666	0.942
	小叶胭脂 As	4~30	1.034	0.960	1.074	0.974
	红鳞蒲桃 Sh	4~30	1.166	0.975	1.188	0.987