基于涡度协方差法和生理生态法对落叶松林CO2通量的初步研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0015

植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 118-128.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0015

所属专题：生态系统碳水能量通量

基于涡度协方差法和生理生态法对落叶松林CO₂通量的初步研究

王文杰¹, 祖元刚¹^,^*(), 王辉民²^,³, 杨逢建¹, 三枝信子³, 小池孝良⁴, 山本晋⁵

1 东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
2 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3 产业技术综合研究所环境管理技术研究部门,筑波 305-8569,日本
4 北海道大学北方生物圈野外科学中心,札幌 060-0809,日本
5 冈山大学大学院环境学研究科,冈山 700-8530,日本

收稿日期:2004-12-04 接受日期:2006-07-05 出版日期:2007-12-04 发布日期:2007-01-30
通讯作者: 祖元刚
作者简介:* E-mail: zygorl@vip.hl.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30300271);科技部重大基础研究前期项目(2004CCA02700);日本环境省战略研究项目

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CO<sub>2</sub> FLUX OF A LARCH FOREST BY EDDYCOVARIANCE AND ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS

WANG Wen-Jie¹, ZU Yuan-Gang¹^,^*(), WANG Hui-Min²^,³, YANG Feng-Jian¹, Saigusa Nobuko³, Koike Takayoshi⁴, Yamamoto Susumu⁵

¹Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
²Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
⁴Hokkaido University Forests FSC Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan
⁵Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan

Received:2004-12-04 Accepted:2006-07-05 Online:2007-12-04 Published:2007-01-30
Contact: ZU Yuan-Gang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文利用涡度协方差法和生理生态学方法(不同分量的累积和)获得的通量观测数据,对老山落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林(45°20' N, 127°34' E)的碳收支进行了分析。通过对每0.5 h所测数据进行的分析表明,能量平衡达到75%,说明涡度协方差法适应于本站的研究。较阴天气情况下,林分光照利用效率显著高于晴朗天气,可能归因于阴天较多的散射光。以单位土地面积计算发现,通过涡度协方差法计算的落叶松林生态系统的总初级生产力在20~50 μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间,远高于冠层叶片的总光合速率9.8~23.4 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1 (平均值16.2 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1),而当综合考虑冠层光合和林下植物光合作用时,两种方法测定结果吻合性较好,说明林下植物对落叶松林碳平衡有重要影响。在估计森林生态系统呼吸方面,以有风夜晚净生态系统交换量(NEE)来代表生态系统呼吸总量(3~9 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1)低估了生态系统呼吸总量,粗略估计较生理生态学方法(不同呼吸分量的累积和)低估了50%左右(14.2 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1)。结果发现两种方法在估计森林碳平衡方面存在一定的差异,呼吸量的估计差异应是今后研究的重点。

关键词: 落叶松林, 碳通量, 呼吸速率, 非同化器官, 光合速率, 涡度协方差法, 生理生态学分量总和法

Abstract:

Aims The two main methods for estimating CO₂ flux from forests are the eddy covariance micrometeorological method and the ecophysiological component summation method. Eddy covariance is a standard method for long-term, direct measurement of forest CO₂ and is used in studying large-scale terrestrial carbon budgets, while the ecophysiological method can estimate each component (e.g., stem, leaves, branches, roots, as well as soil microbes) of total CO₂ flux of forests. Because forest CO₂ flux study, including eddy covariance measurement, is a recent development in China, it is important to compare results from these two methods for understanding scaling-up of forest carbon budgets. We did a preliminary comparison during a typical month of the strongest sink capacity (June 2002). Our aim was to determine how the methods differed in carbon budget estimation and evaluate implications for future research.

Methods A micrometeorological tower with the eddy covariance system was used to directly estimate net ecosystem exchange of a larch (Larix gmelinii) plantation at Laoshan station (45°20' N, 127°34' E). Ecophysiological measurements by a Li-6400 system were used to measure leaf photosynthesis and respiration of the tree canopy and herbaceous understory, stem respiration, branch respiration and soil respiration. Root respiration, soil microbe respiration and litter respiration were measured by the pre-installed trenched box and litter exclusion method. We converted each photosynthesis and respiration value from an organ-area base to a soil-area base using leaf area index measured by LAI-2000 and stem area index and branch area index estimated by standard tree sampling.

Important findings Energy balance was estimated to be 75% using half-hourly flux data, but improved when 5 days of accumulated data were used, indicating that the eddy covariance method is suitable for this site. In relative cloudy weather (mean photosynthetic active radiation, PAR<400 μmol·m^-2·s^-1), light use efficiency was much higher than on days with a mean PAR>500 μmol·m^-2·s^-1. This may be related to diffuse light on cloudy days. Expressed on a soil area base, gross primary productivity (GPP) of the larch plantation was 20-50 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1 estimated by the eddy covariance method. This value was much higher than the total photosynthetic capacity of dominant canopy leaves of 9.8-23.4 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1 (mean of 16.2 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1); however, it was equivalent to the summation of dominant canopy and understory photosynthesis, indicating the critical importance of understory photosynthesis in the carbon balance of the studied plantation. Ecosystem respiration estimated by eddy covariance on a windy night was 3-9 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1, which is about 50% lower than estimated by the ecophysiological method (14.2 μmol·m ^-2·s^-1). This large discrepancy between the two methods would lead to a large difference in carbon sink estimation. Therefore, methods of estimating respiration need additional study.

Key words: larch forest, CO₂ flux, energy flux, non-photosynthetic organs, photosynthesis, respiration, eddy covariance method, ecophysiological method of component summation

王文杰, 祖元刚, 王辉民, 杨逢建, 三枝信子, 小池孝良, 山本晋. 基于涡度协方差法和生理生态法对落叶松林CO₂通量的初步研究. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 118-128. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0015

WANG Wen-Jie, ZU Yuan-Gang, WANG Hui-Min, YANG Feng-Jian, Saigusa Nobuko, Koike Takayoshi, Yamamoto Susumu. PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CO<sub>2</sub> FLUX OF A LARCH FOREST BY EDDYCOVARIANCE AND ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 118-128. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0015

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0015

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I1/118

图/表 8

图1 2002年6月老山站的能量平衡

Fig.1 Energy balance at Laoshan flux site using half-hourly data in June 2002

图2 2002年6月潜热(LE)、感热(H)和二氧化碳通量(NEE)的时间变化以及相应的光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温(Ta)以及饱和差(VPD)等环境因子的变化

Fig.2 Temporal variation of latent energy (LE), sensible energy (E) CO2 fluxes (NEE) and corresponding environmental variables including air temperature (Ta), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in June 2002

图3 落叶松林生态系统的总初级生产力(GPP)在不同天气情况下对光合有效辐射(PAR)响应 ■: 日均 PAR<400 μmol·m-2·s-1 Daily mean PAR<400 μmol·m-2·s-1 ◇: 日均 PAR>500 μmol·m-2·s-1 Daily mean PAR>500 μmol·m-2·s-1

Fig.3 Different responses of gross primary productity (GPP) to photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) in different weather condition

图4 有风夜晚(摩擦速度U*>0.20 m·s-1)生态系统呼吸速率(RE)与气温(Ta)的关系部分数据是冬季数据

Fig.4 Temperature (Ta) dependence of ecosystem respiration rate(RE) at windy night (friction velocity U*>0.20 m·s-1) Part of the data was measured in winter

图5 落叶松、水曲柳和白桦冠层叶片净光合速率对光照的响应曲线

Fig.5 Light response curves of canopy species of Larix gmelinii, Franxinus mandshurica and Betulla platyphylla in June 2002

图6 土壤微生物、枯枝落叶分解和根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献 R、R-litter和Rtrench分别是指土壤总呼吸(包括枯枝落叶、土壤微生物和根系)、去除枯枝落叶土壤呼吸和去除枯枝落叶根系土壤呼吸 R, R-litter, Rtrench are total soil respiration (Soil-microbe+Root+Litter), soil respiration minus litter respiration, and soil respiration excluding root and litter, respectively Soil microbe、litter和root分别指土壤微生物、枯枝落叶和根系呼吸速率 Soil microbe, litter and root are three elements of soil respiration

Fig.6 Soil-microbe, litter decomposition, and root respiration contribution to total soil respiration

图7 3种树种叶片、树枝、树干呼吸速率的比较落叶松和白桦树枝呼吸和3种树种的树干呼吸为2002年6月同期测定结果;水曲柳树枝呼吸测定结果为2004年5月补充测定结果 Except the branch respiration of Franxinus mandshurica were measured in May 2004, all other data of Betulla platyphylla and Larix gmelinii were measured in June 2002

Fig.7 Leaf, branch and stem respiration of three dominant trees in study site

表1 涡度协方差法和生理生理学方法对落叶松林初级生产力和呼吸总量估计的比较

Table 1 Comparison on the GPP and ecosystem respiration of the larch plantation estimated by eddy-covariance method and ecophysiological method at an instant level

碳平衡 Carbon budget	涡度协方差法 Eddy covariance method	生理生态学方法 Ecophysiological method
碳平衡 Carbon budget	涡度协方差法 Eddy covariance method	叶片水平 Leaf level	器官面积指数 Organ area index (m²·m^-2)	生态系统水平 Ecosystem level
总初级生产力Gross primary productivity (GPP)(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	20~50	林冠 Canopy:4.9~11.7(平均mean:8.1)	2.0	9.8~23.4 (平均mean:16.2)
		草本 Understory herbs: 2.3~12.3	2.2	5.0~25.0
		合计 Sum		14.8~48.4
系统呼吸 Ecosystem respiration (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	3~9	树叶 Leaves 0.9~2.0(平均mean:1.9)	2.0	1.8~4.0(平均mean:3.8)
		树枝 Branches 0.8~2.2(平均mean:1.1)	0.5	0.4~1.1(平均mean:0.5)
		树干 Stems 4.1~5.6(平均mean:4.3)	0.7	2.9-~3.9(平均mean:3.0)
		根系 Roots 2.4	1.0	2.4
		土壤微生物 Soil microbes 2.8	1.0	2.8
		枯枝落叶 Litters 1.8	1.0	1.8
		合计 Sum		14.2

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基于涡度协方差法和生理生态法对落叶松林CO₂通量的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF CO<sub>2</sub> FLUX OF A LARCH FOREST BY EDDYCOVARIANCE AND ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS

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