重庆酸雨区人工木荷林对土壤化学性质的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.012

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 632-638.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.012

重庆酸雨区人工木荷林对土壤化学性质的影响

李志勇¹^,²^,³(), 陈建军², 王彦辉³^,^*(), 于澎涛³, 杜士才⁴, 何萍⁴, 段健⁵

1 河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳 471003
2 华南农业大学农学院,广州 510642
3 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091
4 重庆市林业局,重庆 401147
5 重庆市铁山坪林场,重庆 400026

收稿日期:2007-07-16 接受日期:2008-01-10 出版日期:2008-07-16 发布日期:2008-05-30
通讯作者: 王彦辉
作者简介:*E-mail:wangyh@caf.ac.cn
E-mail:pphdlI@126.com
基金资助:
国家林业局天然林保护工程科技支撑项目(TBKJ2003-04);科技部“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD03A1803);中挪合作项目、中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所项目(CAFYBB200700X);科技部社会公益研究专项(2004DIB3J102);国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室资助项目

EFFECTS OF SCHIMA SUPERBA PLANTATIONS ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN THE ACID RAIN REGION OF CHONGQING, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

LI Zhi-Yong¹^,²^,³(), CHEN Jian-Jun², WANG Yan-Hui³^,^*(), YU Peng-Tao³, DU Shi-Cai⁴, HE Ping⁴, DUAN Jian⁵

¹College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
²College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
³Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology Environment of the State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
⁴the Forestry Administration of Chongqing City, Chongqing 401147, China
⁵the Tieshanping Forest Farm of Chongqing City, Chongqing 400026, China

Received:2007-07-16 Accepted:2008-01-10 Online:2008-07-16 Published:2008-05-30
Contact: WANG Yan-Hui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在属于酸雨区的重庆市铁山坪林场,选择在马尾松(Pinus massoniana)纯林火烧迹地上人工营造的木荷(Schima superba)纯林,采用钻取土芯法调查木荷对土壤化学性质的影响,并与毗邻的同时造林但未遭受火烧的马尾松纯林比较。结果表明,木荷纯林0~20和20~60 cm土层的pH值分别为3.61和3.77,盐基饱和度分别为4.68%和7.92%,而马尾松纯林的pH值分别为3.78和3.88,盐基饱和度分别为9.25%和16.32%。与马尾松纯林相比,木荷纯林土壤的交换性盐基离子(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺)和全磷含量普遍低,而酸性阳离子Al³⁺、Fe³⁺和H⁺含量明显偏高(p<0.05)。结果说明,并非木荷作为阔叶林对酸化土壤的改良作用就好于作为针叶林的马尾松,木荷纯林导致了土壤酸化加剧,养分非常缺乏。因此,在酸雨区土壤酸化条件下,如果采用木荷营造防火林带或者进行马尾松纯林改造时,不宜集中大片营造木荷纯林,以避免对土壤环境产生不利影响。

关键词: 酸雨, 火烧迹地, 木荷, 马尾松, pH值, 盐基饱和度

Abstract:

Aims In recent decades, frequent fires have destroyed large areas of coniferous Pinus massoniana forests in Chongqing, Southwestern China. Schima superba, a fire-resistant broadleaved tree species, has been widely planted on the burned areas. S. superba is thought to improve soil properties; however, little information is available from plantations exposed to acid deposition. Our objective was to examine the effects of S. superba plantations on soil chemical properties in the acid rain region.

Methods We investigated soil chemical properties of a pure S. superba plantation planted on a burned area of a former pure P. massoniana plantation in the Tieshanping Forest Farm of Chongqing City using a soil core method. Results were compared with those from an adjacent unburned pure P. massoniana plantation, which was planted at the same time as the burned pure P. massoniana plantation.

Important findings For 0-20 and 20-60 cm soil layers in the S. superba plantation, average pH values were 3.61 and 3.77 and average base saturation (BS) values were 4.68% and 7.92%, respectively. For these two soil layers in the P. massoniana plantation, average pH values were 3.78 and 3.88 and average BS values were 9.25% and 16.32%, respectively. Compared with the P. massoniana plantation, contents of exchangeable base cations (K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and total P were generally lower in the soil of the S. superba plantation, but contents of exchangeable Al³⁺, Fe³⁺ and H⁺ were significantly higher (p<0.05). This study suggested that theS. superba plantation accelerated soil acidification. Therefore, in the acid rain region of Chongqing, large areas of pure S. superba plantations should be avoided when using S. superba for establishment of fire-resistant forest belts or for regeneration and transformation of pure P. massoniana plantations.

Key words: acid rain, burned area, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana, pH value, base saturation

李志勇, 陈建军, 王彦辉, 于澎涛, 杜士才, 何萍, 段健. 重庆酸雨区人工木荷林对土壤化学性质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 632-638. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.012

LI Zhi-Yong, CHEN Jian-Jun, WANG Yan-Hui, YU Peng-Tao, DU Shi-Cai, HE Ping, DUAN Jian. EFFECTS OF SCHIMA SUPERBA PLANTATIONS ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN THE ACID RAIN REGION OF CHONGQING, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 632-638. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.012

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I3/632

图/表 4

参考文献 35

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林分 Stand	样地编号 Plot No.	密度 Density (stems·hm^-2)	优势木 Dominant tree
林分 Stand	样地编号 Plot No.	密度 Density (stems·hm^-2)	平均高度 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	平均叶量损失率 Mean defoliation percentage (%)
火烧迹地人工木荷纯林 Pure Schima superba plantation on the burned area	1	1 222	5.2	7.8	11
	2	1 278	5.1	7.3	12
	3	1 167	5.5	8.0	5
未烧马尾松纯林 Unburned Pinus massoniana plantation	4	1 167	9.4	14.5	25
	5	1 100	9.9	15.2	10
	6	1 333	9.1	14.1	53

林分 Stand	样地编号 Plot No.	密度 Density (stems·hm^-2)	优势木 Dominant tree
林分 Stand	样地编号 Plot No.	密度 Density (stems·hm^-2)	平均高度 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	平均叶量损失率 Mean defoliation percentage (%)
火烧迹地人工木荷纯林 Pure Schima superba plantation on the burned area	1	1 222	5.2	7.8	11
	2	1 278	5.1	7.3	12
	3	1 167	5.5	8.0	5
未烧马尾松纯林 Unburned Pinus massoniana plantation	4	1 167	9.4	14.5	25
	5	1 100	9.9	15.2	10
	6	1 333	9.1	14.1	53

林分 Stand	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)	交换性阳离子 Exchangeable cation (cmol (+)·kg^-1)								盐基饱和度 Base satur- ation (%)	pH (KCl)
林分 Stand	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	Fe³⁺	Mn²⁺	H⁺
火烧迹地人工木荷纯林Schima	0~20	(0.020 2± 0.001 9)^b	(0.084 5± 0.001 0)^a	(0.165 2± 0.000 4)^d	(0.062 4± 0.008 7)^b	(3.118 3± 0.011 3)^a	(0.076 8± 0.006 2)^a	(0.001 7± 0.000 3)^d	(3.575 4± 0.012 8)^a	4.68	(3.61± 0.01)
superba plantation on the burned area	20~60	(0.014 7± 0.001 3)^b	(0.102 8± 0.002 2)^a	(0.374 4± 0.005 6)^b	(0.055 0± 0.004 9)^b	(2.929 2± 0.008 4)^a	(0.023 8± 0.003 5)^c	(0.003 0± 0.000 6)^c	(3.395 7± 0.010 4)^a	7.92	(3.77± 0.01)
未烧马尾松纯林 Unburned	0~20	(0.047 2± 0.003 3)^a	(0.093 8± 0.009 9)^a	(0.277 3± 0.008 4)^c	(0.059 2± 0.009 0)^b	(2.180 5± 0.214 6)^b	(0.044 5± 0.004 4)^b	(0.014 3± 0.002 7)^b	(2.446 7± 0.208 0)^b	9.25	(3.78± 0.01)
Pinus massoniana plantation	20~60	(0.018 4± 0.002 5)^b	(0.104 2± 0.003 5)^a	(0.665 4± 0.007 4)^a	(0.150 5± 0.010 2)^a	(2.114 4± 0.009 6)^b	(0.006 6± 0.000 4)^d	(0.109 7± 0.008 7)^a	(2.491 3± 0.009 3)^b	16.32	(3.88± 0.02)

林分 Stand	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)	交换性阳离子 Exchangeable cation (cmol (+)·kg^-1)								盐基饱和度 Base satur- ation (%)	pH (KCl)
林分 Stand	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	Fe³⁺	Mn²⁺	H⁺
火烧迹地人工木荷纯林Schima	0~20	(0.020 2± 0.001 9)^b	(0.084 5± 0.001 0)^a	(0.165 2± 0.000 4)^d	(0.062 4± 0.008 7)^b	(3.118 3± 0.011 3)^a	(0.076 8± 0.006 2)^a	(0.001 7± 0.000 3)^d	(3.575 4± 0.012 8)^a	4.68	(3.61± 0.01)
superba plantation on the burned area	20~60	(0.014 7± 0.001 3)^b	(0.102 8± 0.002 2)^a	(0.374 4± 0.005 6)^b	(0.055 0± 0.004 9)^b	(2.929 2± 0.008 4)^a	(0.023 8± 0.003 5)^c	(0.003 0± 0.000 6)^c	(3.395 7± 0.010 4)^a	7.92	(3.77± 0.01)
未烧马尾松纯林 Unburned	0~20	(0.047 2± 0.003 3)^a	(0.093 8± 0.009 9)^a	(0.277 3± 0.008 4)^c	(0.059 2± 0.009 0)^b	(2.180 5± 0.214 6)^b	(0.044 5± 0.004 4)^b	(0.014 3± 0.002 7)^b	(2.446 7± 0.208 0)^b	9.25	(3.78± 0.01)
Pinus massoniana plantation	20~60	(0.018 4± 0.002 5)^b	(0.104 2± 0.003 5)^a	(0.665 4± 0.007 4)^a	(0.150 5± 0.010 2)^a	(2.114 4± 0.009 6)^b	(0.006 6± 0.000 4)^d	(0.109 7± 0.008 7)^a	(2.491 3± 0.009 3)^b	16.32	(3.88± 0.02)

林分 Stand	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)	全N Total N (g·kg^-1)	全P Total P (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)
火烧迹地人工木荷纯林 Schima superba plantation on the burned area	0~20	(1.030 2±0.085 3)^a	(0.272 9±0.007 1)^b	(26.260 0±1.673 9)^a
	20~60	(0.697 3±0.052 6)^b	(0.257 7±0.006 5)^b	(12.278 7±1.203 9)^b
未烧马尾松纯林 Unburned Pinus massoniana plantation	0~20	(0.968 9±0.093 1)^a	(0.385 9±0.012 8)^a	(23.460 4±2.198 6)^a
	20~60	(0.934 6±0.072 0)^a	(0.266 5±0.007 8)^b	(9.802 1±1.035 1)^c

重庆酸雨区人工木荷林对土壤化学性质的影响

EFFECTS OF SCHIMA SUPERBA PLANTATIONS ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN THE ACID RAIN REGION OF CHONGQING, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

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林分 Stand	土壤层次 Soil layer (cm)	干重 Dry weight (g·m^-2)	长度 Length (m·m^-2)	表面积 Surface area (m²·m^-2)	体积 Volume (cm³·m^-2)	根尖数 Root tip number (no.·m^-2)
火烧迹地人工木荷纯林 Schima superba plantation on the burned area	0~20	(26.78± 0.97)^a	(153.84± 6.83)^a	(0.384 3± 0.015 3)^a	(77.60± 2.67)^b	(20 701± 1 514)^a
	20~60	(16.89± 0.41)^b	(82.23± 4.19)^b	(0.253 4± 0.094 0)^b	(67.32± 3.48)^c	(12 492± 718)^b
	合计 Total	43.67	236.07	0.637 7	144.92	33 193
未烧马尾松纯林 Unburned Pinus massoniana plantation	0~20	(15.16± 0.65)^b	(85.05± 5.10)^b	(0.258 0± 0.013 0)^b	(63.12± 3.71)^c	(10 016± 1 048)^b
	20~60	(24.48± 0.89)^a	(146.29± 7.28)^a	(0.438 5± 0.011 0)^a	(120.36± 3.19)^a	(13 507± 681)^b
	合计 Total	39.63	231.34	0.696 5	183.48	23 523

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