马尾松人工林伐桩储量与分解特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伐桩在人工林生态系统地力维持、碳吸存、生物多样性保育、水土保持等方面具有十分重要的意义, 但对其储量及其分解特征的研究并不多见。因此, 该文作者基于马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林采伐档案, 2013年7月以1999-2013年间采伐残留的伐桩为研究对象, 调查了1-15年伐桩系统的木桩(SW)、树皮(B)、根桩(SR), 以及不同径级根系(R1: 0 mm <径级≤10 mm; R2: 10 mm <径级≤25 mm; R3: 25 mm <径级≤100 mm; R4: 径级> 100 mm)的储量与分解特征。研究结果表明: 马尾松人工林整个伐桩系统储量介于5-58 t·hm^-2之间, 根桩储量最大, 木桩储量次之, 树皮储量最小, 根桩、木桩和树皮的储量均随着分解时间而降低。伐桩密度随分解时间而降低, 但木桩、根桩和粗根径级均显著影响密度的变化。木桩、树皮和根桩的分解常数分别为0.061、0.027、0.036, R1、R2、R3、R4根系的分解常数分别为0.079、0.042、0.047、0.119。由此可见, 马尾松人工林伐桩系统具有较高的储量, 但分解较慢, 且不同组分的降解速率具有显著差异。

关键词: 马尾松人工林, 伐桩, 分解序列, 储量, 分解特征

Abstract: Aims

Stump plays crucial roles in maintaining soil fertility, sequestering carbon, nursing biodiversity, and conserving soil and water in plantation ecosystems. However, little is known about the decay of stump and the related roots in Pinus massoniana plantations. This study aims to explore the characteristics of stump stock and decomposition in the P. massoniana plantation.

Methods

Based on log file records of P. massoniana plantation from Laifu Forestry Management Institute in Yibin City of Sichuan Province, we established a chronosequence of decaying P. massoniana stumps from 1999 to 2013. We then investigated the stock and density of stump wood (SW), bark (B), stomp root (SR), and linked roots with different diameters (R1: 0 mm < diameter ≤10 mm; R2: 10 mm < diameter ≤25 mm; R3: 25 mm < diameter ≤100 mm; R4: diameter > 100 mm).

Important findings

In the investigated P. massoniana plantations, the stump stocks ranged from 5 to 58 t·hm^-2, stocks in stump wood was the largest, in stump root as the second, and in bark was the smallest, which decreased with the decomposing time. Correspondingly, stump density decreased with decomposing time, while the changes in density varied with stump wood, stump root and roots with different diameters. The decomposition constants of stump wood, bark and stump root were estimated at 0.061, 0.027 and 0.036, respectively. The decomposition constants of roots were estimated to be 0.079 for R1, 0.042 for R2, 0.047 for R3 and 0.119 for R4, respectively. In conclusion, the P. massoniana plantation has a high stock, but decomposes slowly and the decomposition constant varies greatly with stump components in the P. massoniana plantation, which provides certain theoretical basis for the sustainable management of P. massoniana plantation in the region.

Key words: Pinus massoniana plantation, stump, decomposition sequence, stock, decomposition characteristics

汪沁, 杨万勤, 吴福忠, 张健, 谭波, 张玺涛. 马尾松人工林伐桩储量与分解特征. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(5): 458-468. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0313

Qin WANG, Wan-Qin YANG, Fu-Zhong WU, Jian ZHANG, Bo TAN, Xi-Tao ZHANG. Characteristics of stump stock and decomposition in Pinus massoniana plantation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(5): 458-468. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0313

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0313

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I5/458

图/表 11

表1 研究样地基本概况

Table 1 The basic information of sampling plots

样地 Sampling plot	坡向/坡度 Aspect/Slope (°)	伐桩密度 Stump density (株·hm^-2)	根桩直径(平均值±标准误差) Stump diameter (mean ± SE) (cm)	土壤pH值 pH value	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3 )	土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content (g·kg^-1)
S1	NW/21	2 050	16.4 ± 0.48	4.16	1.42	29.92
S2	NW/18	2 315	15.9 ± 0.65	4.14	1.39	28.96
S3	NW/20	2 100	17.2 ± 0.53	4.17	1.46	27.64
S4	NW/21	2 070	16.6 ± 0.44	4.14	1.40	27.44
S5	NW/17	2 405	15.6 ± 0.56	4.15	1.44	28.35
S7	NW/20	2 150	16.2 ± 0.39	4.16	1.41	27.43
S8	NW/19	2 190	16.4 ± 0.41	4.16	1.43	27.49
S9	NW/20	2 130	16.3 ± 0.47	4.18	1.45	27.64
S10	NW/18	2 350	15.9 ± 0.62	4.16	1.42	28.23
S11	NW/19	2 200	16.1 ± 0.32	4.15	1.44	28.06
S12	NW/20	2 085	17.1 ± 0.54	4.15	1.43	28.62
S13	NW/21	2 070	16.7 ± 0.29	4.16	1.39	29.26
S14	NW/20	2 125	16.8 ± 0.51	4.15	1.42	30.46
S15	NW/17	2 380	15.8 ± 0.48	4.15	1.40	31.45

图1 马尾松人工林伐桩分解序列的储量变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同分解年限间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Changes in stump stocks of Pinus massoniana plantations across a decomposition series (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters mean the level of significant differences among different decomposition years (p < 0.05).

图2 马尾松人工林伐桩的木桩、树皮和根桩储量随分解过程的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同分解年限间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一分解时间不同部位间差异显著(p < 0.05)。B, 树皮; SR, 根桩; SW, 木桩。

Fig. 2 Changes in stump wood, bark and stump root stocks with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters mean the level of significant differences among different decomposition years (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate the level of significant differences among different stump parts (p < 0.05). B, bark; SR, stump root; SW, stump wood.

图3 马尾松人工林伐桩不同部位的储量比例随分解过程的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。B, 树皮; SR, 根桩; SW, 木桩。

Fig. 3 Changes in the relative ratios among stump wood, stump bark and stump root with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE). B, bark; SR, stump root; SW, stump wood.

图4 马尾松伐桩分解过程中根桩储量的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同分解年限间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Changes in stump root stocks with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters mean the level of significant differences among different decomposition years (p < 0.05).

图5 马尾松人工林不同径级根分解过程中的储量变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示不同分解年限间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一分解时间不同部位间差异显著(p < 0.05)。R1, 0 mm <径级≤10 mm; R2 , 10 mm <径级≤25 mm; R3, 25 mm <径级≤100 mm); R4, 径级>100 mm。

Fig. 5 Changes in different class root decomposition stocks with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercase letters mean the level of significant differences among different decomposition years (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate the level of significant differences among different stump parts (p < 0.05). R1, 0 mm < diameter ≤10 mm; R2, 10 mm < diameter ≤25 mm; R3, 25 mm < diameter ≤100 mm; R4, diameter >100 mm.

图6 马尾松人工林伐桩的木桩、树皮和根桩密度随分解过程的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。B, 树皮; SR, 根桩; SW, 木桩。

Fig. 6 Changes in stump wood, bark and stump root density with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). B, bark; SR, stump root; SW, stump wood.

图7 马尾松人工林不同径级根分解过程中的密度变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。 R1, 0 mm <径级≤10 mm; R2 , 10 mm <径级≤25 mm; R3, 25 mm <径级≤100 mm); R4, 径级> 100 mm。

Fig. 7 Changes in different class root decomposition density with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). R1, 0 mm < diameter ≤10 mm; R2, 10 mm < diameter ≤25 mm; R3, 25 mm < diameter ≤100 mm; R4, diameter > 100 mm.

表2 树桩分解过程中不同部位的密度(Y)与时间(t)的对数函数方程

Table 2 The density (Y) of different components and the logarithmic function equation of time (t) in stump decomposition process

树桩的部位 Parts of the stump	对数函数方程 Logarithmic function equation	r
树皮 Barks	Y = -0.0051ln(t) + 0.4778	0.001 3
木桩 Stump wood	Y = -0.1989ln(t) + 0.8153	0.567 9
根桩 Stump root	Y = -0.1444ln(t) + 0.6522	0.237 9
0 mm <径级 Diameter ≤10 mm	Y = -0.1470ln(t) + 0.6937	0.271 4
10 mm <径级 Diameter ≤25 mm	Y = -0.0352ln(t) + 0.5470	0.016 1
25 mm <径级 Diameter ≤100 mm)	Y = -0.1043ln(t) + 0.5951	0.241 5
径级 Diameter > 100 mm)	Y = -0.4042ln(t) + 1.2127	0.724 1

图8 马尾松人工林伐桩的木桩、树皮和根桩分解速率随分解过程的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。B, 树皮; SR, 根桩; SW, 木桩。

Fig. 8 Changes in stump wood, bark and stump root decomposition rate with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). B, bark; SR, stump root; SW, stump wood.

图9 马尾松人工林不同径级根分解过程中的分解速率变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。R1, 0 mm <径级≤10 mm; R2 , 10 mm <径级≤25 mm; R3, 25 mm <径级≤100 mm); R4, 径级> 100 mm。

Fig. 9 Changes in different class root decomposition rate with stump decomposition in the Pinus massoniana plantations (mean ± SE, n = 3). R1, 0 mm < diameter ≤10 mm; R2, 10 mm < diameter ≤25 mm; R3, 25 mm < diameter ≤100 mm; R4, diameter > 100 mm.

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