喀斯特石漠化山地不同类型人工林土壤的基本性质和综合评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01050

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以贵州喀斯特石漠化山地退耕还林工程区的刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)人工林(RP)、千香柏(Cupressus duclouxiana)人工林(CD)、刺槐千香柏混交林(RD)及未造林地(CK)为研究对象, 探讨了土壤物理、化学性质和土壤酶活性的动态变化, 并对不同恢复类型的土壤质量进行了综合评价。结果显示: 1)各类型人工林的土壤物理特性明显优于未造林地。2)在RP、CD、RD及CK下, 土壤养分和pH值存在显著差异, 且速效养分在不同月份差异明显(p < 0.01)。3) RP、CD、RD及CK下的土壤脲酶的最大活性出现在9月, 最小活性出现于1月; 不同类型的人工林及CK下土壤蔗糖酶的活性存在显著差异(p < 0.01); 土壤过氧化氢酶的活性在一年的测定期内的变化趋势一致, 呈单峰型分布, 而碱性磷酸酶的活性却出现了两次峰值和一次谷值; 土壤多酚氧化酶的最小活性均出现在1月, RP在整个研究期间多酚氧化酶的活性最小。RP、CD、RD及CK下, 土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶5种酶的活性在整个研究期间的平均值排序不同。4)土壤质量综合评价的结果表明, 土壤质量综合评价指数值(SQI)的大小排序为: RP (0.748) > RD (0.590) > CD (0.406) > CK (0.315)。结果表明, 退耕还林后土壤质量得到较明显的改善, 其中刺槐纯林和混交林的效果较好。

关键词: 综合评价, 喀斯特, 人工林, 石漠化山地, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

Aims Soil quality plays an essential role in vegetation restoration in the karst soil ecosystem. Many studies have reported soil quality of different plantations and vegetation successional stages in karst regions, but few have focused on the seasonal dynamics of basic soil properties. Our objectives were to investigate annual dynamics of basic soil properties of different types of plantations and evaluate soil integrated quality index (SQI).
Methods We analyzed the dynamics of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities for four sites in Puding County, Guizhou Province, China: Robinia pseudoacacia plantation (RP), Cupressus duclouxiana plantation (CD), R. pseudoacacia-C. duclouxiana mixed plantation (RD) and a non-plantation area (CK). Soil samples were collected in alternate months from September 2009 to September 2010. Soil factors were measured using general methods, and data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software.
Important findings Soil physical properties of all three plantations had an advantage over the non-plantation area and were slightly improved within one year. There were significant differences in soil nutrients and soil pH among the four sites (p < 0.01). Soil urease activity in all sites was highest in September and lowest in January. Soil invertase activities were remarkably different among the four sites (p < 0.01). Soil catalase activity exhibited a unimodal peak, and alkaline phosphatase activity had a bimodal peak. Soil polyphenoloxidase activity was lowest in January and very low in RP throughout the study. Moreover, the rank of means of five soil enzyme activities was different among the four sites. The SQI of RP, CD, RD and CK was 0.748, 0.406, 0.590 and 0.315, respectively. In general, all three types of plantations, but especially RP and RD, could improve soil quality after conversion of farmland to forest.

Key words: comprehensive evaluation, karst region, plantation, rocky desertification site, soil enzyme activity

刘成刚, 薛建辉. 喀斯特石漠化山地不同类型人工林土壤的基本性质和综合评价. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(10): 1050-1060. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01050

LIU Cheng-Gang, XUE Jian-Hui. Basic soil properties and comprehensive evaluation in different plantations in rocky desertification sites of the karst region of Guizhou Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(10): 1050-1060. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01050

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01050

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I10/1050

图/表 9

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项目 Item	RP	CD	RD	CK
经度 Longitude	105°50′ E	105°48′ E	105°51′ E	105°51′ E
纬度 Latitude	26°16′ N	26°15′ N	26°17′ N	26°16′ N
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 470	1 410	1 480	1 470
坡向 Slope aspect	SE	SE	SE	SE
坡度 Slope (°)	10	18	12	13
平均树高 Average tree height (m)	3.5	2.1	6.2^x/4.8^y	-
平均地径 Average ground diameter (cm)	4.8	2.7	8.0^x/6.4^y	-
林分密度 Stand density (stems·hm^-2)	1 822	2 088	2 000	-
林下植被 Floor vegetation	PP, CH, DA, AH, VP, AC, PA	PP, CH, DA, AH, VP	CA, CH, DA, UM, AH, VP, AT, CJ, PA	PP, DA, UM, AH, VP, LS

项目 Item	RP	CD	RD	CK
经度 Longitude	105°50′ E	105°48′ E	105°51′ E	105°51′ E
纬度 Latitude	26°16′ N	26°15′ N	26°17′ N	26°16′ N
海拔 Altitude (m)	1 470	1 410	1 480	1 470
坡向 Slope aspect	SE	SE	SE	SE
坡度 Slope (°)	10	18	12	13
平均树高 Average tree height (m)	3.5	2.1	6.2^x/4.8^y	-
平均地径 Average ground diameter (cm)	4.8	2.7	8.0^x/6.4^y	-
林分密度 Stand density (stems·hm^-2)	1 822	2 088	2 000	-
林下植被 Floor vegetation	PP, CH, DA, AH, VP, AC, PA	PP, CH, DA, AH, VP	CA, CH, DA, UM, AH, VP, AT, CJ, PA	PP, DA, UM, AH, VP, LS

时间 Time	样地 Plot	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (CP) (%)	非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity (NCP) (%)	NCP/CP	田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (%)
2009年9月 Sept. 2009	RP	0.74	64.84	35.27	29.57	0.84	47.66
	CD	1.00	57.79	26.53	31.25	1.18	26.50
	RD	1.13	53.08	31.38	21.70	0.69	27.86
	CK	1.15	45.65	30.90	14.75	0.48	26.90
2010年9月 Sept. 2010	RP	0.69	65.50	35.88	29.62	0.83	51.50
	CD	0.95	59.97	27.53	32.44	1.18	29.10
	RD	0.89	63.11	27.45	35.66	1.30	30.82
	CK	1.09	48.43	33.79	14.64	0.43	31.11

时间 Time	样地 Plot	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity (CP) (%)	非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity (NCP) (%)	NCP/CP	田间持水量 Field moisture capacity (%)
2009年9月 Sept. 2009	RP	0.74	64.84	35.27	29.57	0.84	47.66
	CD	1.00	57.79	26.53	31.25	1.18	26.50
	RD	1.13	53.08	31.38	21.70	0.69	27.86
	CK	1.15	45.65	30.90	14.75	0.48	26.90
2010年9月 Sept. 2010	RP	0.69	65.50	35.88	29.62	0.83	51.50
	CD	0.95	59.97	27.53	32.44	1.18	29.10
	RD	0.89	63.11	27.45	35.66	1.30	30.82
	CK	1.09	48.43	33.79	14.64	0.43	31.11

项目 Item	样地Plot	2009年9月 Sept. 2009	2009年11月 Nov. 2009	2010年1月 Jan. 2010	2010年3月 Mar. 2010	2010年5月 May 2010	2010年7月 July 2010	2010年9月 Sept. 2010
有机质 Organic mater (g·kg^-1)	RP	90.5^b	90.0^b	84.9^b	89.4^b	88.0^b	84.2^b	89.1^b
	CD	82.7^c	89.0^b	78.2^c	73.2^d	93.6^a	93.5^a	88.4^b
	RD	101.2^a	97.8^a	91.2^a	98.1^a	91.5^a	93.3^a	97.4^a
	CK	72.2^d	71.2^c	82.7^b	82.5^c	84.2^c	82.9^b	80.3^c
碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	RP	566^a	306^b	205^b	218^c	174^c	281^b	359^a
	CD	247^c	293^b	150^c	193^d	321^a	218^c	209^b
	RD	449^b	349^a	85^d	321^a	139^d	427^a	206^b
	CK	228^c	195^c	242^a	244^b	289^b	269^b	207^b
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	RP	9^a	3^a	6^b	8^a	6^c	6^c	9^ab
	CD	5^b	2^b	2^c	1^c	7^b	10^b	10^a
	RD	10^a	2^b	7^a	4^b	7^b	10^b	7^c
	CK	2^c	1^c	6^b	4^b	8^a	13^a	8^b
速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	RP	218^b	87^d	96^c	77^c	88^c	110^b	177^a
	CD	132^d	110^c	96^c	64^d	80^d	119^a	138^c
	RD	198^c	151^a	112^b	96^b	105^a	120^a	164^b
	CK	260^a	132^b	125^a	112^a	93^b	120^a	140^c