浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替过程中土壤碳库与植被碳归还的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00084

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤碳固持量随森林演替显著提高, 对减缓全球变暖具有重要意义; 但是, 演替过程中土壤有机碳库与植被碳归还的关系尚无定论。该研究以浙江天童常绿阔叶林次生演替系列为对象, 通过测定前中后3个演替阶段土壤总有机碳(TOC)、可矿化碳(MC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物量碳(MBC) 3种活性有机碳的含量与储量, 植被凋落物年凋落量、地表枯落物现存量和细根年归还量及其碳储量, 利用相关分析和多元逐步回归拟合, 分析土壤碳库与植被碳输入的关系。结果表明: (1)土壤TOC、MC、DOC和MBC含量随演替进行均显著增加(p < 0.05); (2)随演替进行, 土壤TOC储量显著增加( p < 0.05), 而MC、DOC和MBC储量并没有出现一致的变化趋势, 其排序为: 中期>后期>前期; (3)凋落物年凋落量及其碳储量随演替显著增加( p < 0.05), 细根年归还量及其碳储量随演替先增后降( p < 0.05), 而地表枯落物现存量与碳储量显著降低; (4) 3种活性有机碳中, MC储量对土壤总有机碳储量解释的贡献率为34.01% ( R² = 0.388, p < 0.05); (5) TOC和活性碳库(MC、DOC、MBC)受到不同碳归还方式的影响, 但细根的影响最大(分别为28.2%、50.0%、73.4%和68.8%)。总之, 随天童常绿阔叶林演替发生, 土壤总有机碳和3种活性有机碳储量显著增加, 细根生物量和可矿化碳库储量增加是引起土壤碳固持量增加的主要原因。

关键词: 活性有机碳, 细根, 地表枯落物, 凋落物, 次生演替, 总有机碳

Abstract:

Aims Increasing sequestration of soil organic carbon with forest succession plays a significant role in reducing global warming. However, the relationship between structure of soil carbon pools and vegetation carbon inputs is still uncertain. Our objective was to examine how structure of the soil carbon pool changes with vegetation carbon return through litterfall, forest floor and fine roots during secondary succession in evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Methods The study site is located in Tiantong National Forest Park (29°52′ N, 121°39′ E), Zhejiang Province, in Eastern China. Three successional stages (i.e., early, middle and late stages) were selected to examine contents and stocks for carbon pools for each of total soil organic carbon (TOC), mineralization carbon (MC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The amounts of vegetation carbon return through each of the litterfall, forest floor and fine roots were determined. Then relationships between carbon pool stocks and amount of vegetation carbon return were determined by using both Pearson correlation and stepwise regression approaches.
Important findings Along the forest successional series, contents of TOC, MC, DOC and MBC increased significantly (p < 0.05). Stocks of TOC also increased through forest succession ( p < 0.05), but the other three active organic carbon stocks were highest in middle-, intermediate in late- and lowest in early-successional stages. The amounts of annual biomass and carbon stocks increased for litterfall, but decreased for forest floor, and fine roots annual returned mass and carbon stocks were highest in middle-, intermediate in late- and lowest in early-successional stages ( p < 0.05). Among three active organic carbon pools, MC explained 34.01% variation in TOC ( R²= 0.388, p < 0.05). With respect to vegetation carbon return, returned biomass of fine roots explained 28.2%, 50.0%, 73.4% and 68.8% of total variation for TOC, MC, DOC and MBC, respectively. In conclusion, stocks of TOC and three active organic carbon pools elevate gradually with secondary forest succession in the study area. During this process, the accumulation of fine roots and the enhancement of mineralization carbon pool are mainly responsible for soil carbon sequestration.

Key words: active organic carbon, fine root, forest floor, litterfall, secondary succession, total organic carbon

孙宝伟, 杨晓东, 张志浩, 马文济, 黄海侠, 阎恩荣. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替过程中土壤碳库与植被碳归还的关系. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(9): 803-810. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00084

SUN Bao-Wei, YANG Xiao-Dong, ZHANG Zhi-Hao, MA Wen-Ji, Ali ARSHAD, HUANG Hai-Xia, YAN En-Rong. Relationships between soil carbon pool and vegetation carbon return through succession of evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong region, Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(9): 803-810. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00084

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00084

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I9/803

图/表 6

表1 浙江天童常绿阔叶林次生演替不同阶段的样地特征

Table 1 Characteristics of selected plots in a secondary successional series of evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province

演替阶段 Success- ional stage	植被类型 Vegetation type	群落类型 Community type	年龄 Age (a)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	主要优势种 Dominant species	高度层数 Number of vertical layer	高度 Top height (m)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-3)	土壤 pH Soil pH	土壤总氮 Soil total N (kg·hm^-2)	土壤总磷 Soil total P (kg·hm^-2)
I	次生针叶林Secondary coniferous forest	马尾松群落 Pinus massoniana community	30	115	15	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 枫香 Liquidambar formosana	2	12	1.34	4.18	5.98	0.39
II	常绿阔叶幼年林 Young evergreen broad-leaved forest	木荷群落 Schima superba community	60	163	20	木荷 Schima superba 柯 Lithocarpus glaber	3	20	1.30	4.18	25.07	1.04
III	成熟常绿阔叶林 Mature evergreen broad-leaved forest	栲群落 Castanopsis fargesiicommunity	120	196	26	栲 Castanopsis fargesii 木荷 Schima superba	3	25	1.07	3.81	40.62	2.12

表2 浙江天童常绿阔叶林次生演替阶段不同土壤碳库的含量及储量(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Contents and stocks of different soil carbon pools among secondary successional stages in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong, Zhejiang (mean ± SE)

演替阶段 Successional stage	含量 Content				储量 Stock
演替阶段 Successional stage	TOC (g·kg^-1)	MC (g·kg^-1)	DOC (mg·kg^-1)	MBC (mg·kg^-1)	TOC (t·hm^-2)	MC (t·hm^-2)	DOC (t·hm^-2)	MBC (t·hm^-2)
I	34.20 ± 1.63 ^a	1.21 ± 0.04 ^a	27.24 ± 0.14 ^a	220.47 ± 5.28 ^a	91.53 ± 3.49 ^a	3.24 ± 0.13 ^a	0.073 ± 8.55×10 ^-4a	0.59 ± 0.019 ^a
II	44.60 ± 2.74 ^b	1.87 ± 0.06 ^b	34.03 ± 0.53 ^b	271.93 ± 6.87 ^b	116.25 ± 7.53 ^b	4.87 ± 0.16 ^b	0.089 ± 9.10×10 ^-4c	0.71 ± 0.020 ^b
III	55.58 ± 3.54 ^c	2.15 ± 0.19 ^b	38.15 ± 0.64 ^c	295.71 ± 8.36 ^c	118.90 ± 6.73 ^b	4.59 ± 0.36 ^b	0.082 ± 2.04×10 ^-3b	0.63 ± 0.026 ^a

图1 浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替过程中凋落物年凋落量、地表枯落物现存量和细根年归还量(A)及碳储量(B) (平均值±标准误差)。I、II、III同表1。同一组不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Annual amounts of litterfall, forest floor biomass and annual return mass of fine roots (A), as well as carbon stocks among litterfall, forest floor and fine roots (B) along a successional series in evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong, Zhengjiang (mean ± SE). I, II, III, see Table 1. Different letters on the same column group indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

表3 浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段土壤不同类型碳储量间的Pearson相关系数

Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients of carbon stocks among different soil carbon pools across successional stages in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong, Zhejiang

	TOC (t·hm^-2)	MC (t·hm^-2)	DOC (t·hm^-2)	MBC (t·hm^-2)
TOC (t·hm^-2)	1.000
MC (t·hm^-2)	0.632^*	1.000
DOC (t·hm^-2)	0.528^*	0.701^**	1.000
MBC (t·hm^-2)	0.439	0.442	0.865^**	1.000

表4 浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段土壤不同类型碳库与凋落物年凋落量、地表枯落物现存量及细根年归还量的Pearson相关系数

Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients between different types of soil carbon and annual amounts of litterfall, forest floor biomass and annual fine roots mass across successional stages in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong, Zhejiang

	TOC (t·hm^-2)	MC (t·hm^-2)	DOC (t·hm^-2)	MBC (t·hm^-2)
凋落物年凋落量 Annual amounts of litterfall (t·hm^-2)	0.632^*	0.609^*	0.445	0.213
地表枯落现存量 Forest floor biomass (t·hm^-2)	-0.411	-0.483	-0.209	0.134
细根年归还量 Annual fine roots mass (t·hm^-2)	0.714^**	0.853^**	0.901^**	0.700^*

表5 浙江天童常绿阔叶林不同演替过程中不同类型碳库储量与凋落物年凋落量、地表枯落物现存量及细根年归还量的逐步回归结果

Table 5 Results of stepwise regression between carbon stocks in each of four soil pools and annual amounts of litterfall, forest floor biomass and annual fine roots mass across successional stages in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong, Zhejiang

Y	方程 Equation	R²	p value
TOC	Y = 65.844 + 39.009 X₁	0.510	0.009
MC	Y = 1.640 + 2.351 X₁	0.728	<0.001
DOC	Y = 0.058 + 0.021 X₁	0.812	<0.001
MBC	Y = 0.485 + 0.145 X₁	0.490	0.011

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