UV-B辐射增强和氮沉降对入侵植物乌桕生长的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0292

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来植物入侵是全球性问题, 严重威胁入侵地生态系统功能和稳定性。入侵植物与其在原产地生长特征的不同, 使其在抵抗胁迫生境和利用资源方面具有较强的竞争能力, 从而具有较高的入侵潜力。UV-B辐射增强和氮沉降加剧作为两种全球变化因子, 可能与土壤微生物共同作用于植物入侵的整个过程。了解UV-B辐射增强和氮沉降加剧是如何直接或间接影响微生物介导的植物生长, 有助于揭示全球变化背景下的植物入侵机理, 为有效控制植物入侵并降低其对生态系统功能的危害提供理论依据。该试验采用四因素裂区设计, 以入侵美国的中国乌桕(Triadica sebifera)为研究对象, 通过模拟UV-B辐射增强和氮沉降加剧, 在土壤微生物控制条件下, 研究三者对不同种群乌桕生长的影响。结果显示: UV-B辐射增强、氮沉降加剧和土壤微生物可能共同作用于乌桕成功入侵的整个过程。UV-B辐射增强导致乌桕形态学和生物量分配发生变化, 大部分的资源分配给叶片以抵抗外界UV-B辐射胁迫。氮沉降使得乌桕将更多资源分配至地上部分, 特别是叶片, 减少了对地下生物量的分配。原产地土壤微生物对乌桕生长具有显著正效应, 同时, 氮沉降增强了该效应而UV-B辐射增强对该效应没有影响。氮沉降没有减缓UV-B辐射对乌桕的胁迫作用。入侵地乌桕种群相比于原产地乌桕种群在株高、叶生物量和总生物量方面已经进化出了较为明显的优势, 此外, 入侵地乌桕种群相比于原产地乌桕种群减弱了在根冠比和根生物量方面对原产地土壤微生物的依赖性, 但是增强了在叶面积比方面的依赖性。

关键词: 非生物胁迫, 土壤微生物, 资源可利用性, 植物入侵

Abstract:

Aims Exotic plant invasions are important components of global change, threatening both the stability and function of invaded ecosystems. Shifts in competitive ability of invasive plants versus their native congeners have been documented. Enhanced UV-B radiation and nitrogen (N) deposition might interact with soil biota communities impacting the invasion process of exotic plant species. To understand the potential effects by UV-B and N with soil biota on plant growth would enhance our understanding of the mechanisms in plant invasions in the context of global change.
Methods We conducted a full-factorial pot experiment in the native range (China) of Triadica sebifera invading US to investigate how UV-B radiation, N and soil biota together determined their seedling growth.
Important findings The results showed that UV-B radiation, N and soil sterilization together impacted the growth of T. sebifera seedlings. UV-B radiation induced changes in biomass allocation with larger leaf biomass observed in response to UV-B radiation. In addition, N increased aboveground biomass and decreased root biomass simultaneously. Soil biota imposed positive effects on growth of T. sebifera, and the addition of N amplified these positive effects. The negative effects by UV-B radiation on growth of T. sebifera showed no response to N addition. Plant height, leaf biomass and total biomass of the invasive T. sebifera populations out- performed those of the native ones. In addition, invasive T. sebifera populations weakened the dependence of root/shoot ratio and root biomass on local soil microorganisms than native populations, but enhanced that of leaf area ratio.

Key words: abiotic stress, soil microorganism, resource availability, plant invasion

邓邦良, 刘倩, 刘喜帅, 郑利亚, 江亮波, 郭晓敏, 刘苑秋, 张令. UV-B辐射增强和氮沉降对入侵植物乌桕生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(4): 471-479. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0292

Bang-Liang DENG, Qian LIU, Xi-Shuai LIU, Li-Ya ZHENG, Liang-Bo JIANG, Xiao-Min GUO, Yuan-Qiu LIU, Ling ZHANG. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and nitrogen deposition on the growth of invasive plant Triadica sebifera. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(4): 471-479. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0292

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0292

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I4/471

图/表 7

表1 不同乌桕种源的地理分布信息

Table 1 Locations of native and invasive Triadica sebifera populations used in the study

	种群 Population	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
中国 China	福建 Fujian	119.28° E	26.07° N
	广东 Guangdong	112.38° E	24.78° N
	贵州 Guizhou	106.88° E	27.08° N
	湖北 Hubei	110.73° E	32.05° N
	江苏 Jiangsu	118.37° E	31.23° N
	江西 Jiangxi	117.12° E	28.45° N
美国 USA	Alabama	88.15° W	30.58° N
	Georgia	81.01° W	32.01° N
	Louisiana 1	93.15° W	30.23° N
	Louisiana 2	92.02° W	30.25° N
	Texas 1	95.03° W	29.78° N
	Texas 2	95.45° W	28.97° N

图1 不同处理对乌桕株高的影响(平均值±标准误差)。Con, 对照; N, 氮沉降; S, 土壤灭菌。相同小写字母表示没有显著差异(p > 0.05, LSD test)。

Fig. 1 Effect of different treatments on plant height of Triadica sebifera (mean ± SE). Con, control; N, nitrogen deposition; S, soil sterilization. Same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences (p > 0.05, LSD test).

表2 UV-B辐射(UV)、土壤灭菌(S)和氮沉降(N)处理对不同种源(O)乌桕形态学特征的影响方差分析

Table 2 The dependence of morphological traits on Triadica sebifera origin (O), UV-B radiation (UV), soil sterilization (S) and nitrogen deposition (N) treatment, and their interactions in ANOVAs

处理 Treatment	df	F value
处理 Treatment	df	株高 Plant height	叶片数 Leaf number	叶面积 Leaf areas	比叶面积 Specific leaf area	叶面积比 Leaf area ratio
UV	1	0.01	4.96^*	0.07	5.19^*	0.00
S	1	144.85^**	343.02^**	820.08^**	14.66^**	78.98^**
N	1	37.90^**	3.60	40.55^**	2.03	59.97^**
O	1	58.13^**	0.76	1.20	0.16	1.82
UV × S	1	0.52	0.26	0.02	0.05	0.58
UV × N	1	2.46	2.58	2.27	0.00	1.21
UV × O	1	0.05	0.22	0.20	1.01	0.05
S × N	1	19.70^**	18.90^**	73.34^**	0.11	44.87^**
S × O	1	0.22	1.86	2.09	2.59	8.57^**
N × O	1	0.01	0.28	0.52	0.01	1.12
UV × S × N	1	0.01	2.49	0.06	0.23	0.10
UV × S × O	1	0.75	1.12	0.22	0.46	0.16
UV × N × O	1	0.07	0.08	0.24	0.12	0.40
S × N × O	1	1.17	2.18	2.76	1.52	2.81
UV × S × N × O	1	0.37	0.01	1.05	0.12	0.46

图2 不同处理对乌桕叶形态学特征的影响(平均值±标准误差)。Con, 对照; N, 氮沉降; S, 土壤灭菌; UV, UV-B辐射; Native, 原产地; Invasive, 入侵地; SLA, 比叶面积; LAR, 叶面积比。相同小写字母表示没有显著差异(p > 0.05, LSD test)。

Fig. 2 Effect of different treatments on leaf morphological traits of Triadica sebifera (mean ± SE). Con, control; N, nitrogen deposition; S, soil sterilization; UV, UV-B radiation; SLA, specific leaf area; LAR, leaf area ratio. Same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences (p > 0.05, LSD test).

表3 UV-B辐射(UV)、土壤灭菌(S)和氮沉降(N)处理对不同种源(O)乌桕生物量的影响方差分析

Table 3 The dependence of biomass on Triadica sebifera origin (O), UV-B radiation (UV), soil sterilization (S) and nitrogen deposition (N) treatment, and their interactions in ANOVAs

处理 Treatment	df	F value
处理 Treatment	df	叶生物量 Leaf biomass	茎生物量 Stem biomass	根生物量 Root biomass	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	总生物量 Total biomass	根冠比 Root/shoot ratio
UV	1	4.12^*	0.73	1.32	0.10	0.94	0.37
S	1	966.67^**	794.51^**	690.14^**	1 007.44^**	1 059.72^**	4.17^*
N	1	33.38^**	0.26	53.60^**	12.80^**	10.08^**	109.60^**
O	1	0.00	6.76^**	3.73	3.80	4.33^*	2.64
UV × S	1	0.01	0.00	0.98	0.01	0.35	2.51
UV × N	1	2.49	2.37	0.12	3.35	1.21	1.79
UV × O	1	1.16	0.06	0.04	0.44	0.06	0.91
S × N	1	62.76^**	18.38^**	2.37	47.51^**	5.96^*	46.14^**
S × O	1	0.20	0.00	7.46^**	0.42	2.24	14.58^**
N × O	1	0.02	1.57	1.54	0.25	1.30	0.06
UV × S × N	1	0.07	0.04	0.00	0.19	0.00	0.07
UV × S × O	1	0.02	0.04	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.85
UV × N × O	1	0.20	0.23	0.32	0.67	0.37	0.00
S × N × O	1	3.50	0.27	0.08	1.31	0.75	0.99
UV × S × N × O	1	1.49	1.12	0.01	1.52	0.37	1.55

图3 不同处理对乌桕生物量的影响(平均值±标准误差)。Con, 对照; N, 氮沉降; S, 土壤灭菌; UV, UV-B辐射; Native, 原产地; Invasive, 入侵地。相同小写字母表示没有显著差异(p > 0.05, LSD test)。

Fig. 3 Effect of different treatments on biomass of Triadica sebifera (mean ± SE). Con, control; N, nitrogen deposition; S, soil sterilization; UV, UV-B radiation. Same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences (p > 0.05, LSD test).

图4 不同处理对乌桕根冠比的影响(平均值±标准误差)。Con, 对照; N, 氮沉降; S, 土壤灭菌; Native, 原产地; Invasive, 入侵地。相同小写字母表示没有显著差异(p > 0.05, LSD test)。

Fig. 4 Effect of different treatments on root/shoot ratio of Triadica sebifera (mean ± SE). Con, control; N, nitrogen deposition; S, soil sterilization. Same lowercase letters indicate no significant differences (p > 0.05, LSD test).

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