植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 1145-1153.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0184
蒙振思1,向卫2,苏国岿1,李大东1,董廷发1,彭进友1,李晓东3,龚小平3,梁宁3,胥晓1,*()
收稿日期:
2018-07-31
修回日期:
2018-09-02
出版日期:
2018-12-20
发布日期:
2019-04-04
通讯作者:
胥晓
基金资助:
MENG Zhen-Si1,XIANG Wei2,SU Guo-Kui1,LI Da-Dong1,DONG Ting-Fa1,PENG Jin-You1,LI Xiao-Dong3,GONG Xiao-Ping3,LIANG Ning3,XU Xiao1,*()
Received:
2018-07-31
Revised:
2018-09-02
Online:
2018-12-20
Published:
2019-04-04
Contact:
Xiao XU
Supported by:
摘要:
为揭示雌雄异株植物种群的空间分异现象的内在原因, 以河北小五台山天然青杨(Populus cathayana)种群为研究对象, 采用平均最近邻指数、核密度、方差分析等方法分析了青杨雌雄群体的聚集程度、群体密度和分布格局以及其与到河岸的距离(河距)、海拔和土壤理化性质间的内在关系。结果显示: 1)青杨种群总体上沿金河沟呈狭长带状集聚分布, 中海拔区域个体数量最多, 密度最大; 2)随海拔增加, 雌雄个体数与密度均表现“先增后减”的特点, 而平均胸径的变化正好相反; 3)海拔对性比具有显著影响: 低海拔区域(1 300-1 400 m)偏雌, 中低海拔区域(1 400-1 500 m)偏雄, 其他海拔段的性比接近1:1; 4)随河距增加, 雌雄个体数、密度和平均胸径均表现出逐渐减少或减小的特点, 并且雌株优势分布区内的土壤有机质和全氮含量显著高于雄株优势分布区; 5)局部区域由于海拔和河距改变了土壤理化性质和生长环境, 导致了该区域内的性比发生偏倚。上述结果表明, 青杨雌雄群体的空间分布、动态变化以及性比受海拔、河距以及所在区域的土壤理化性质的综合影响, 雌雄植株在资源需求和环境适应力方面存在的差异会导致局部区域内的性比发生偏倚。
蒙振思, 向卫, 苏国岿, 李大东, 董廷发, 彭进友, 李晓东, 龚小平, 梁宁, 胥晓. 河北小五台山青杨种群中雌雄群体的空间分布及其成因. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(12): 1145-1153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0184
MENG Zhen-Si, XIANG Wei, SU Guo-Kui, LI Da-Dong, DONG Ting-Fa, PENG Jin-You, LI Xiao-Dong, GONG Xiao-Ping, LIANG Ning, XU Xiao. Spatial distribution of male and female Populus cathayana populations and its drivers in Xiaowutai Mountains, Hebei, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(12): 1145-1153. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0184
性别 Sex | 预期平均距离 Expected mean distance (m) | 平均观测距离 Observed mean distance (m) | 平均最近邻指数 Nearest neighbor ration R | Z得分 Score-Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄 Male | 4.767 | 3.394 | 0.712 | -31.045 | < 0.001 |
雌 Female | 4.900 | 3.362 | 0.686 | -32.908 | < 0.001 |
全部 Total | 3.218 | 2.491 | 0.774 | -36.105 | < 0.001 |
表1 小五台山青杨空间分布的平均最近邻指数分析
Table 1 The average nearest neighbor analysis on the spatial distribution of Populus cathayana in Xiaowutai Mountains
性别 Sex | 预期平均距离 Expected mean distance (m) | 平均观测距离 Observed mean distance (m) | 平均最近邻指数 Nearest neighbor ration R | Z得分 Score-Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄 Male | 4.767 | 3.394 | 0.712 | -31.045 | < 0.001 |
雌 Female | 4.900 | 3.362 | 0.686 | -32.908 | < 0.001 |
全部 Total | 3.218 | 2.491 | 0.774 | -36.105 | < 0.001 |
海拔 Altitude | 雄株 Male | 雌株 Female | 性比 Sex ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | 数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | ||
低海拔 Low altitude (1300-1400 m) | 88 | 18.87 | 38.90 ± 1.23a | 130 | 27.88 | 38.54 ± 1.16a | 0.68 |
中低海拔 Middle-low altitude (1400-1500 m) | 818 | 130.33 | 32.89 ± 0.42c | 622 | 99.10 | 32.04 ± 0.43c | 1.32 |
中海拔 Middle altitude (1500-1600 m) | 1 462 | 144.83 | 34.17 ± 0.31bc | 1 481 | 146.71 | 32.57 ± 0.29c | 0.99 |
中高海拔 Middle-high altitude (1600-1700 m) | 685 | 130.20 | 36.16 ± 0.46b | 660 | 125.44 | 35.28 ± 0.42b | 1.04 |
高海拔 High altitude (1700-1800 m) | 121 | 61.71 | 38.91 ± 1.30a | 112 | 57.12 | 38.44 ± 1.08a | 1.08 |
表2 小五台山不同海拔梯度上青杨雌雄群体的个体数、密度、平均胸径和性比(平均值±标准误差)
Table 2 The number, density, average diameter at breast height (DBH) and sex ratio of female and male Populus cathayana trees at different altitudes in Xiaowutai Mountains (mean ± SE)
海拔 Altitude | 雄株 Male | 雌株 Female | 性比 Sex ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | 数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | ||
低海拔 Low altitude (1300-1400 m) | 88 | 18.87 | 38.90 ± 1.23a | 130 | 27.88 | 38.54 ± 1.16a | 0.68 |
中低海拔 Middle-low altitude (1400-1500 m) | 818 | 130.33 | 32.89 ± 0.42c | 622 | 99.10 | 32.04 ± 0.43c | 1.32 |
中海拔 Middle altitude (1500-1600 m) | 1 462 | 144.83 | 34.17 ± 0.31bc | 1 481 | 146.71 | 32.57 ± 0.29c | 0.99 |
中高海拔 Middle-high altitude (1600-1700 m) | 685 | 130.20 | 36.16 ± 0.46b | 660 | 125.44 | 35.28 ± 0.42b | 1.04 |
高海拔 High altitude (1700-1800 m) | 121 | 61.71 | 38.91 ± 1.30a | 112 | 57.12 | 38.44 ± 1.08a | 1.08 |
与河岸距离 Distance from river | 雄株 Male | 雌株 Female | 性比 Sex ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | 数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | ||
0-10 m | 1 546 | 197.28 | 35.93 ± 0.29a | 1 339 | 170.86 | 34.51 ± 0.29ab | 1.15 |
10-30 m | 882 | 102.85 | 34.43 ± 0.43ab | 982 | 114.51 | 33.90 ± 0.37bc | 0.90 |
30-60 m | 544 | 96.44 | 32.48 ± 0.54cd | 480 | 85.10 | 31.81 ± 0.55de | 1.13 |
> 60 m | 202 | 75.92 | 30.65 ± 0.76ef | 204 | 76.67 | 29.86 ± 0.83f | 0.99 |
表3 小五台山与河岸不同距离范围内青杨雌雄群体的个体数、密度、平均胸径和性比(平均值±标准误差)
Table 3 The number, density, average diameter at breast height (DBH) and sex ratio of female and male Populus cathayana trees at different distances from the Jinhegou River in Xiaowutai Mountains (mean ± SE)
与河岸距离 Distance from river | 雄株 Male | 雌株 Female | 性比 Sex ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | 数量 Number | 密度 Density (ind.·hm-2) | 平均胸径 DBH (cm) | ||
0-10 m | 1 546 | 197.28 | 35.93 ± 0.29a | 1 339 | 170.86 | 34.51 ± 0.29ab | 1.15 |
10-30 m | 882 | 102.85 | 34.43 ± 0.43ab | 982 | 114.51 | 33.90 ± 0.37bc | 0.90 |
30-60 m | 544 | 96.44 | 32.48 ± 0.54cd | 480 | 85.10 | 31.81 ± 0.55de | 1.13 |
> 60 m | 202 | 75.92 | 30.65 ± 0.76ef | 204 | 76.67 | 29.86 ± 0.83f | 0.99 |
指标 Indices | 含水量 Water content (%) | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (%) | 总N Total N (g·kg-1) | 总P Total P (g·kg-1) | 总K Total K (g·kg-1) | 有效N Available N (g·kg-1) | 有效P Available P (mg·kg-1) | 有效K Available K (g·kg-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude (m) | 1 300-1 400 | 31.24 ± 0.27e | 7.20 ± 0.01a | 6.38 ± 0.05e | 4.00 ± 0.06d | 0.94 ± 0.01d | 13.26 ± 0.04b | 0.25 ± 0.01e | 6.94 ± 0.07e | 0.21 ± 0.01e |
1 400-1 500 | 48.08 ± 0.42b | 7.21 ± 0.01a | 10.89 ± 0.11c | 5.30 ± 0.05c | 1.03 ± 0.01b | 13.04 ± 0.01c | 0.35 ± 0.01d | 9.92 ± 0.12c | 0.33 ± 0.01a | |
1 500-1 600 | 42.38 ± 0.15c | 7.03 ± 0.01c | 10.52 ± 0.03d | 5.32 ± 0.02c | 0.94 ± 0.01d | 13.09 ± 0.01c | 0.39 ± 0.01c | 10.96 ± 0.04b | 0.26 ± 0.01d | |
1 600-1 700 | 40.28 ± 0.23d | 7.02 ± 0.01c | 11.42 ± 0.07b | 5.66 ± 0.04b | 0.96 ± 0.01c | 13.05 ± 0.01c | 0.40 ± 0.01b | 11.74 ± 0.06a | 0.28 ± 0.01c | |
1 700-1 800 | 52.27 ± 0.49a | 7.13 ± 0.01b | 13.48 ± 0.21a | 6.82 ± 0.11a | 1.10 ± 0.01a | 13.81 ± 0.03a | 0.45 ± 0.01a | 9.19 ± 0.11d | 0.29 ± 0.01b | |
平均值 Mean | 43.21 | 7.08 | 10.76 | 5.4 | 0.97 | 13.31 | 0.38 | 10.7 | 0.28 | |
河距 Distance from river (m) | 0-10 | 44.38 ± 0.22a | 7.10 ± 0.01a | 10.91 ± 0.06a | 5.49 ± 0.03a | 0.98 ± 0.01a | 13.02 ± 0.01d | 0.37 ± 0.01c | 10.44 ± 0.06c | 0.28 ± 0.01a |
10-30 | 42.69 ± 0.26b | 7.07 ± 0.11b | 10.79 ± 0.07a | 5.42 ± 0.03a | 0.97 ± 0.01b | 13.08 ± 0.01c | 0.38 ± 0.01bc | 10.79 ± 0.07b | 0.27 ± 0.01b | |
30-60 | 41.47 ± 0.27c | 7.11 ± 0.01a | 10.46 ± 0.08b | 5.21 ± 0.04b | 0.96 ± 0.01b | 13.27 ± 0.01b | 0.39 ± 0.01b | 11.15 ± 0.09a | 0.28 ± 0.01a | |
> 60 | 41.91 ± 0.27bc | 6.91 ± 0.02c | 10.39 ± 0.05b | 5.24 ± 0.04b | 0.92 ± 0.01c | 13.32 ± 0.02a | 0.40 ± 0.01a | 11.02 ± 0.09ab | 0.26 ± 0.01c |
表4 小五台山不同海拔和与河岸距离(河距)区域内的土壤理化性质(平均值±标准误差)
Table 4 The soil properties at different altitudes or distances from the Jinhegou River in Xiaowutai Mountains (mean ± SE)
指标 Indices | 含水量 Water content (%) | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (%) | 总N Total N (g·kg-1) | 总P Total P (g·kg-1) | 总K Total K (g·kg-1) | 有效N Available N (g·kg-1) | 有效P Available P (mg·kg-1) | 有效K Available K (g·kg-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
海拔 Altitude (m) | 1 300-1 400 | 31.24 ± 0.27e | 7.20 ± 0.01a | 6.38 ± 0.05e | 4.00 ± 0.06d | 0.94 ± 0.01d | 13.26 ± 0.04b | 0.25 ± 0.01e | 6.94 ± 0.07e | 0.21 ± 0.01e |
1 400-1 500 | 48.08 ± 0.42b | 7.21 ± 0.01a | 10.89 ± 0.11c | 5.30 ± 0.05c | 1.03 ± 0.01b | 13.04 ± 0.01c | 0.35 ± 0.01d | 9.92 ± 0.12c | 0.33 ± 0.01a | |
1 500-1 600 | 42.38 ± 0.15c | 7.03 ± 0.01c | 10.52 ± 0.03d | 5.32 ± 0.02c | 0.94 ± 0.01d | 13.09 ± 0.01c | 0.39 ± 0.01c | 10.96 ± 0.04b | 0.26 ± 0.01d | |
1 600-1 700 | 40.28 ± 0.23d | 7.02 ± 0.01c | 11.42 ± 0.07b | 5.66 ± 0.04b | 0.96 ± 0.01c | 13.05 ± 0.01c | 0.40 ± 0.01b | 11.74 ± 0.06a | 0.28 ± 0.01c | |
1 700-1 800 | 52.27 ± 0.49a | 7.13 ± 0.01b | 13.48 ± 0.21a | 6.82 ± 0.11a | 1.10 ± 0.01a | 13.81 ± 0.03a | 0.45 ± 0.01a | 9.19 ± 0.11d | 0.29 ± 0.01b | |
平均值 Mean | 43.21 | 7.08 | 10.76 | 5.4 | 0.97 | 13.31 | 0.38 | 10.7 | 0.28 | |
河距 Distance from river (m) | 0-10 | 44.38 ± 0.22a | 7.10 ± 0.01a | 10.91 ± 0.06a | 5.49 ± 0.03a | 0.98 ± 0.01a | 13.02 ± 0.01d | 0.37 ± 0.01c | 10.44 ± 0.06c | 0.28 ± 0.01a |
10-30 | 42.69 ± 0.26b | 7.07 ± 0.11b | 10.79 ± 0.07a | 5.42 ± 0.03a | 0.97 ± 0.01b | 13.08 ± 0.01c | 0.38 ± 0.01bc | 10.79 ± 0.07b | 0.27 ± 0.01b | |
30-60 | 41.47 ± 0.27c | 7.11 ± 0.01a | 10.46 ± 0.08b | 5.21 ± 0.04b | 0.96 ± 0.01b | 13.27 ± 0.01b | 0.39 ± 0.01b | 11.15 ± 0.09a | 0.28 ± 0.01a | |
> 60 | 41.91 ± 0.27bc | 6.91 ± 0.02c | 10.39 ± 0.05b | 5.24 ± 0.04b | 0.92 ± 0.01c | 13.32 ± 0.02a | 0.40 ± 0.01a | 11.02 ± 0.09ab | 0.26 ± 0.01c |
指标 Indices | 含水量 Water content (%) | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (%) | 总N Total N (g·kg-1) | 总P Total P (g·kg-1) | 总K Total K (g·kg-1) | 有效N Available N (g·kg-1) | 有效P Available P (mg·kg-1) | 有效K Available K (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雌株 Female | 40.64 ± 2.64 | 7.00 ± 0.09 | 11.23 ± 0.85 | 5.39 ± 0.25 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 13.01 ± 0.14 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | 12.06 ± 1.12 | 0.23 ± 0.01 |
雄株 Male | 39.78 ± 2.06 | 6.99 ± 0.10 | 8.54 ± 0.45 | 4.10 ± 0.34 | 0.90 ± 0.03 | 13.15 ± 0.17 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 9.74 ± 0.66 | 0.24 ± 0.02 |
P值 Probability | 0.699 | 0.818 | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.31 | 0.699 | 0.18 | 0.093 | 1 |
显著性 Significance | ns | ns | ** | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表5 小五台山青杨雌雄群体优势分布区的土壤理化性质(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)
Table 5 The soil properties in dominant distribution area of female and male Populus cathayana trees in Xiaowutai Mountains (mean ± SE, n = 6)
指标 Indices | 含水量 Water content (%) | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (%) | 总N Total N (g·kg-1) | 总P Total P (g·kg-1) | 总K Total K (g·kg-1) | 有效N Available N (g·kg-1) | 有效P Available P (mg·kg-1) | 有效K Available K (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雌株 Female | 40.64 ± 2.64 | 7.00 ± 0.09 | 11.23 ± 0.85 | 5.39 ± 0.25 | 0.95 ± 0.03 | 13.01 ± 0.14 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | 12.06 ± 1.12 | 0.23 ± 0.01 |
雄株 Male | 39.78 ± 2.06 | 6.99 ± 0.10 | 8.54 ± 0.45 | 4.10 ± 0.34 | 0.90 ± 0.03 | 13.15 ± 0.17 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 9.74 ± 0.66 | 0.24 ± 0.02 |
P值 Probability | 0.699 | 0.818 | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.31 | 0.699 | 0.18 | 0.093 | 1 |
显著性 Significance | ns | ns | ** | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |
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