小五台山青杨雌雄植株树轮生长特性及其对气候变化的响应差异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来逆境导致植物雌雄幼苗的生长出现差异被许多控制实验所证实, 而有关气候变化对雌雄异株植物成树生长的潜在影响尚未引起人们广泛的关注。为进一步揭示气候变化对雌雄植株树木径向和密度生长的不同影响, 该文通过树轮生态学的研究方法, 选择小五台山天然青杨(Populus cathayana)种群为研究对象, 对青杨雌雄植株近30年(1982-2011)的树轮生长特性及其与气候的相关性进行了分析。结果显示: 1)在近30年当地气温不断升高的气候条件下, 雌株的年轮最大密度和晚材平均密度均高于雄株(p < 0.05), 但雌雄植株的径向生长无显著差异; 2)雌雄植株年轮最大密度和宽度差值年表的变化趋势具有一致性, 但在年轮最大密度差值年表的变化上雄株波动幅度大于雌株; 3)青杨雌雄植株年轮密度差值年表对温度响应的月份明显不同。雌株年轮最大密度与当年8月的月平均最高气温显著正相关, 而雄株年轮最大密度与当年1月和4月的气温负相关; 4)生长季前的气候变化对青杨雌雄植株的径向生长均有明显的限制作用。此外, 当年6月的高温对于早材生长的限制作用特别明显。上述结果表明, 雌雄异株植物在树木年轮生长方面对全球气候变暖可能具有不同的响应机制, 雌株比雄株更侧重于密度生长。

关键词: 气候变化, 树轮生态学, 雌雄差异, 青杨, 年轮密度

Abstract:

Aims While the phenomena that environmental stresses induce growth differentiations between male and female seedlings are confirmed by many controlled experiments in recent years, the potential impacts on adult trees of dioecious plants caused by climate change have not yet attracted much attention. In order to further reveal the differential effects of climate warming on the dendrological characteristics of female and male trees, a typical dioecious plant, Populus cathayana, was selected as a test material in the study.
Methods Wood samples were taken from 40 adult trees of P. cathayana (including 20 female and 20 male individuals, respectively). We employed the dendroclimatological approach to analyze the gender-specific differences in seven tree-ring variables (i.e. maximum ring density, latewood mean density, earlywood mean density, minimum ring density, annual ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width), and their differential responses to climate factors (monthly mean, minimum and maximum air temperature and precipitation) in Xiaowutai Mountains of China.
Important findings Firstly, with an increase in the local air temperature during the past 30 years (1982-2011), the male and female P. cathayana trees exhibited the similar trend in radial growth but with apparent differences in the pattern of density growth. Compared with the males, the female trees displayed significantly (p < 0.05) higher maximum ring density and latewood mean density. Secondly, there was a similar pattern of variations in the residual chronologies between the male and female trees, but the male trees showed much higher magnitude of variations than the female trees. Thirdly, based on the residual chronologies, it was found that the response months are quite different between the two sexes. For the female trees, maximum ring density had a significant positive correlation with the maximum air temperature in current August. However, the maximum ring density was significantly and negatively correlated with the air temperature in current January and April for the male trees. Fourthly, for trees of both sexes, climate change prior to growing season limited the radial growth while maximum air temperature in current June obviously restricted the growth of earlywood. These results indicate that there are different tree-ring growth strategies between trees of different sexes in response to global warming in dioecious plants, and that the female trees invest more in density growth than the male trees.

Key words: climate change, dendroecology, gender-specific, Populus cathayana, ring density

黄科朝, 胥晓, 李霄峰, 贺俊东, 杨延霞, 郇慧慧. 小五台山青杨雌雄植株树轮生长特性及其对气候变化的响应差异. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(3): 270-280. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00024

HUANG Ke-Chao, XU Xiao, LI Xiao-Feng, HE Jun-Dong, YANG Yan-Xia, HUAN Hui-Hui. Gender-specific characteristics of tree-ring growth and differential responses to climate change in the dioecious tree Populus cathayana in Xiaowutai Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(3): 270-280. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00024

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00024

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I3/270

图/表 6

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性别 Gender	年表长度 Chronology duration	时间长度(年) Time span (a)	采样植株数 No. of sample trees	样本量 Sample size	共同区间 Common interval time span	共同区间样本数 No. of samples in common interval time span
雌株 Female tree	A.D. 1961-2011	51	20	20	A.D. 1982-2011	20
雄株 Male tree	A.D. 1954-2011	58	20	20	A.D. 1982-2011	20

性别 Gender	年表长度 Chronology duration	时间长度(年) Time span (a)	采样植株数 No. of sample trees	样本量 Sample size	共同区间 Common interval time span	共同区间样本数 No. of samples in common interval time span
雌株 Female tree	A.D. 1961-2011	51	20	20	A.D. 1982-2011	20
雄株 Male tree	A.D. 1954-2011	58	20	20	A.D. 1982-2011	20

数据类型 Data type	性别 Gender	标准偏差 SD	平均敏感度 MS	一阶自相关 OR1	共同区间分析 Common interval analysis
数据类型 Data type	性别 Gender	标准偏差 SD	平均敏感度 MS	一阶自相关 OR1	样芯间平均相关系数 r	信噪比 SNR	群体表达信号 EPS	第一主成分解释方差量 PCI (%)
年轮最大密度 MXD	雌株 Female tree	0.041	0.047	-0.118	0.068	1.381	0.580	31.0
年轮最大密度 MXD	雄株 Male tree	0.055	0.057	-0.053	0.114	2.443	0.710	34.8
晚材平均密度 LWD	雌株 Female tree	0.037	0.040	0.005	0.031	0.378	0.607	22.1
晚材平均密度 LWD	雄株 Male tree	0.048	0.053	-0.121	0.062	1.246	0.555	16.5
早材平均密度 EWD	雌株 Female tree	0.027	0.027	-0.006	0.062	1.266	0.559	29.2
早材平均密度 EWD	雄株 Male tree	0.040	0.043	-0.095	0.081	1.680	0.627	34.3
年轮最小密度 MID	雌株 Female tree	0.025	0.028	-0.129	0.015	0.296	0.229	41.6
年轮最小密度 MID	雄株 Male tree	0.038	0.042	-0.146	0.080	1.648	0.622	32.2
树轮宽度 ARW	雌株 Female tree	0.166	0.214	-0.138	0.248	6.270	0.862	33.3
树轮宽度 ARW	雄株 Male tree	0.200	0.031	-0.013	0.325	10.861	0.916	54.7
早材宽度 EWW	雌株 Female tree	0.182	0.219	-0.059	0.132	2.877	0.742	25.2
早材宽度 EWW	雄株 Male tree	0.235	0.254	-0.008	0.187	4.364	0.814	25.4
晚材宽度 LWW	雌株 Female tree	0.211	0.264	-0.152	0.198	4.706	0.825	48.4
晚材宽度 LWW	雄株 Male tree	0.244	0.275	-0.031	0.244	6.144	0.860	53.3

数据类型 Data type	性别 Gender	标准偏差 SD	平均敏感度 MS	一阶自相关 OR1	共同区间分析 Common interval analysis
数据类型 Data type	性别 Gender	标准偏差 SD	平均敏感度 MS	一阶自相关 OR1	样芯间平均相关系数 r	信噪比 SNR	群体表达信号 EPS	第一主成分解释方差量 PCI (%)
年轮最大密度 MXD	雌株 Female tree	0.041	0.047	-0.118	0.068	1.381	0.580	31.0
年轮最大密度 MXD	雄株 Male tree	0.055	0.057	-0.053	0.114	2.443	0.710	34.8
晚材平均密度 LWD	雌株 Female tree	0.037	0.040	0.005	0.031	0.378	0.607	22.1
晚材平均密度 LWD	雄株 Male tree	0.048	0.053	-0.121	0.062	1.246	0.555	16.5
早材平均密度 EWD	雌株 Female tree	0.027	0.027	-0.006	0.062	1.266	0.559	29.2
早材平均密度 EWD	雄株 Male tree	0.040	0.043	-0.095	0.081	1.680	0.627	34.3
年轮最小密度 MID	雌株 Female tree	0.025	0.028	-0.129	0.015	0.296	0.229	41.6
年轮最小密度 MID	雄株 Male tree	0.038	0.042	-0.146	0.080	1.648	0.622	32.2
树轮宽度 ARW	雌株 Female tree	0.166	0.214	-0.138	0.248	6.270	0.862	33.3
树轮宽度 ARW	雄株 Male tree	0.200	0.031	-0.013	0.325	10.861	0.916	54.7
早材宽度 EWW	雌株 Female tree	0.182	0.219	-0.059	0.132	2.877	0.742	25.2
早材宽度 EWW	雄株 Male tree	0.235	0.254	-0.008	0.187	4.364	0.814	25.4
晚材宽度 LWW	雌株 Female tree	0.211	0.264	-0.152	0.198	4.706	0.825	48.4
晚材宽度 LWW	雄株 Male tree	0.244	0.275	-0.031	0.244	6.144	0.860	53.3

性别 Gender	气象要素 Meteorological variables	月份 Month	年轮最大密度 MXD	晚材平均密度 LWD	早材平均密度 EWD	年轮最小密度 MID	树轮宽度 ARW	早材宽度 EWW	晚材宽度 LWW
雌株 Female tree	月平均气温 Monthly mean air temperature	P-Oct.	-0.145	-0.043	0.012	0.143	-0.499*	-0.491*	-0.014
		P-Nov.	-0.170	-0.074	-0.122	-0.054	-0.382*	-0.413*	-0.069
		Jan.	-0.261	-0.198	-0.214	-0.028	-0.308	-0.336*	0.075
		Feb.	-0.002	0.082	-0.131	-0.223	0.074	0.028	0.324*
		June	-0.012	-0.064	-0.051	0.181	-0.426*	-0.400*	0.074
	月平均最高气温 Mean monthly maximum air temperature	P-Oct.	-0.143	-0.099	0.091	0.236	-0.488*	-0.496*	-0.055
		P-Nov.	-0.111	-0.227	-0.091	-0.042	-0.378	-0.417*	-0.021
		Jan.	-0.340*	-0.137	-0.155	0.127	-0.422*	-0.449*	-0.305
		June	-0.051	0.117	0.015	0.227	-0.374*	-0.353*	-0.089
		Aug.	0.348*	0.073	0.045	0.005	-0.269	0.374*	-0.292
	月平均最低气温 Mean monthly minimum air temperature	P-Oct.	-0.053	0.012	-0.054	0.009	-0.349*	-0.307	0.083
		Feb.	0.009	0.076	-0.125	-0.185	0.065	0.032	0.374*
		Mar.	0.115	0.190	0.033	-0.074	0.166	0.146	0.297*
	月降水量 Monthly precipitation	P-Dec.	0.325*	0.240	0.202	0.121	0.184	0.096	0.036
		Jan.	0.163	0.241	0.268	0.026	0.350*	0.324	0.266
		Feb.	-0.063	-0.134	0.010	0.288*	0.151	0.150	0.240
		Mar.	0.280*	0.276*	0.082	-0.090	0.065	0.006	0.141
雄株 Male tree	月平均气温 Monthly mean air temperature	P-Oct.	-0.103	-0.112	-0.147	-0.176	-0.408*	-0.400*	-0.125
		P-Nov.	-0.143	-0.204	-0.162	-0.293	-0.189	-0.255	0.093
		Jan.	-0.323*	-0.341*	-0.298	-0.020	-0.248	-0.239	-0.087
		Apr.	-0.350*	-0.369*	-0.197	0.042	-0.253	-0.237	-0.112
		June	-0.176	-0.174	-0.260	-0.116	-0.431*	-0.340*	-0.374*
	月平均最高气温 Mean monthly maximum air temperature	P-Oct.	-0.116	-0.132	-0.176	-0.248	-0.461*	-0.458*	-0.145
		Jan.	-0.235	-0.253	-0.161	0.099	-0.310*	-0.290	-0.189
		Apr.	-0.429*	-0.447*	-0.222	0.062	-0.260	-0.233	-0.138
		June	-0.193	-0.184	-0.249	-0.117	-0.431*	-0.339*	-0.396*
		Aug.	0.266	0.170	0.062	0.003	-0.235	-0.295	0.076
	月平均最低气温 Mean monthly minimum air temperature	P-Oct.	-0.024	-0.009	-0.062	-0.008	-0.212	-0.201	-0.090
		Jan.	-0.293*	-0.217	-0.285*	-0.049	-0.179	-0.176	-0.036
		Mar.	0.122	0.223	0.105	-0.010	0.200	0.141	0.332*
		P-Dec.	0.251	0.166	0.405*	0.289	0.342*	0.323*	0.216
	月降水量 Monthly precipitation	Jan.	0.244	0.255	0.336*	-0.028	0.328*	0.278	0.313
		Feb.	-0.209	-0.157	-0.134	0.088	0.052	0.118	0.000
		Mar.	0.194	0.172	0.029	-0.323*	0.078	0.015	0.287*