不同坡向高寒退化草地狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

权衡关系是生活史对策理论的基础, 株高和枝条数的权衡关系对理解植物在不同生境下的表型可塑性有重要意义。该研究选择祁连山北坡高寒退化草地, 利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型(DEM), 并提取样地坡向数据, 采用广义相加模型(GAM)与偏相关分析相结合的方法, 分析了不同坡向影响下狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种群株高和枝条数的关系。结果表明: 随着坡向由北坡转向东坡、南坡、西坡, 草地群落地上生物量和盖度呈“减小—增大—减小”的变化趋势, 群落高度则先增大后减小; 坡向是影响狼毒株高和枝条数空间分异的主要地形因子; 随着坡向由北、东转向西、南, 狼毒种群株高呈下降趋势, 而枝条数呈上升趋势, 二者表现出此消彼长的权衡关系, 狼毒植株比叶面积先增大后减小。不同坡向狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系, 反映了异质生境中资源多重竞争下狼毒生物量分配机制和提高种群适应性的种群更新策略。

关键词: 坡向, 枝条数, 祁连山北坡, 株高, 狼毒, 权衡

Abstract:

Aims Trade-off is the basis of life history strategy theory. Elucidation of the trade-off between plant height and branch numbers is important for understanding the phenotypic plasticity of plants under different habitat conditions. Our objective was to examine how Stellara chamaejasme would adapt to changes in slope aspect through trade-off between height and branch numbers.
Methods In a degraded alpine grassland on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China, 80 plots were set up on sites of four different aspects at intervals of 10 m vertically from the foot of an isolated hill moving upward. Handheld GPS was used to record latitude, longitude and altitude of each plot. Community traits were investigated and five S. chamaejasme plants were harvested randomly on each plot for measuring the plant height, brunch numbers, leaf area, and above-ground biomass. ArcGIS was used to construct the digital elevation model (DEM) and to extract data on elevation, aspect, slope, slope of slope, and slope of aspect for the study sites. The 80 plots were categorized into groups of north, east, south, and east aspects. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to select the most effective terrain factors, and partial correlation analysis method was used to examine the trade-off between plant height and brunch numbers on sites of different aspects.
Important findings With a change of the aspect from north to east, south and west, the above-ground biomass and cover of the grassland community displayed a pattern of decline―increase―decline; whereas the average height of the community displayed a pattern of increase―decline. Aspect was the predominant terrain factor affecting spatial variations of the height and branch numbers in S. chamaejasme. When the aspect changed from north and east to west and south, the average height of S. chamaejasme populations declined and the branch numbers increased, resulting in a trade-off in the form of an inversed relationship between the height and branch numbers; whilst the specific leaf area increased first and then decreased. The trade-off between height and branch numbers with changes in slope aspect of the habitat reflected the mechanism of biomass allocation under conditions of multiple competitions for resources in diverse habitats and the regeneration strategy for enhanced adaptation in S. chamaejasme populations.

Key words: aspect, branch number, northern slope of Qilian Mountains, plant height, Stellera chamaejasme, trade-off

侯兆疆, 赵成章, 李钰, 张茜, 马小丽. 不同坡向高寒退化草地狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(3): 281-288. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025

HOU Zhao-Jiang, ZHAO Cheng-Zhang, LI Yu, ZHANG Qian, MA Xiao-Li. Trade-off between height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme on slopes of different aspects in a degraded alpine grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(3): 281-288. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I3/281

图/表 6

表1 不同坡向群落和狼毒特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Characteristics of community and Stellera chamaejasme on sites of different aspects (mean ± SE)

坡向 Aspect	群落特征 Community characteristic			狼毒单株生物量 Biomass for single plant of S. chamaejasme
坡向 Aspect	高度 Height (cm)	盖度 Cover (%)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	狼毒单株生物量 Biomass for single plant of S. chamaejasme
南 South	14.66 ± 0.35^c	64.75 ± 2.16^d	92.23 ± 1.74^d	9.54 ± 0.75^a
东 East	18.01 ± 1.22^a	68.14 ± 1.18^c	94.78 ± 1.49^c	8.44 ± 0.69^b
西 West	16.83 ± 1.17^a	70.17 ± 1.26^b	97.66 ± 2.28^b	8.27 ± 0.41^b
北 North	15.43 ± 0.54^b	71.97 ± 1.63^a	100.18 ± 2.13^a	7.37 ± 0.51^c

表2 GAM模型评价参数

Table 2 Evaluation parameters of GAM model

	参数 Parameter
	零偏差 Null deviance	残差的偏差 Residual deviance		D²
株高 Plant height	921.09		355.35	0.61
枝条数 Branch number	1 001.70		463.24	0.54

表3 地形因子作为预测变量贡献率分析

Table 3 Contributions of topographic factors as predictors variable

	海拔 Elevation	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope	坡度变率 Slope of slope	坡向变率 Slope of aspect
株高 Plant height	1.20	6.20	0.64	0.76	0.43
枝条数 Branch number	1.49	4.46	0.57	1.73	0.65

图1 GAM模型分析坡向对狼毒株高和枝条数的影响。A, 株高。B, 条数。s(Aspect)是Spline函数的拟合值, 在A图和B图中分别表明坡向对株高和枝条数的影响。实线代表株高和枝条数的期望值, 上下两侧虚线表示方程的置信区间。

Fig. 1 Results of GAM regression between aspect and the height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme. A, plant height; B, branch numbers. s(Aspect) is fitted value for spline function, showing variable effects of plant height and branch numbers with changes in aspect. Solid line represents fitted curve of the response variable for height and branch numbers in S. chamaejasme and the upper and lower broken lines show the equation’s confidence interval.

表4 狼毒株高和枝条数之间的偏相关分析

Table 4 Partial correlation coefficient between the height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme

坡向 Aspect	控制变量 Control variable	株高与枝条数的关系 Relationship between plant height and branch number
坡向 Aspect	控制变量 Control variable	偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient	自由度 df
北 North	单株生物量 Single plant biomass	-0.371^**	20
东 East	单株生物量 Single plant biomass	-0.189^*	20
西 West	单株生物量 Single plant biomass	-0.286^*	20
南 South	单株生物量 Single plant biomass	-0.537^**	20

图2 不同坡向的狼毒比叶面积(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示在不同坡向上差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Specific leaf area of Stellera chamaejasme on sites of different aspects (mean ± SE). Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among different aspects (p < 0.05).

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