醉马草内生真菌共生体研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0001

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 793-805.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0001

• 综述 • 下一篇

醉马草内生真菌共生体研究进展

李春杰,姚祥,南志标()

草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室, 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 兰州 730020

收稿日期:2018-01-02 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-12-07
通讯作者: 李春杰 ORCID:0000-0002-3287-2140 南志标
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划“973”计划(2014CB138702);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT_17R50);国家自然科学基金(30070546);中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2017-kb10);中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2018-kb10);111引智基地(B12002)

Advances in research of Achnatherum inebrians-Epichloë endophyte symbionts

LI Chun-Jie,YAO Xiang,NAN Zhi-Biao()

State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2018-01-02 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-12-07
Contact: LI Chun-Jie ORCID:0000-0002-3287-2140 NAN Zhi-Biao
Supported by:
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138702);the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT_17R50);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2017-kb10);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2018-kb10);the 111 Project(B12002);the Natural Science Foundation of China(31372366)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有关醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)内生真菌(Epichloë gansuensis, E. inebrians)共生体的研究, 代表了我国禾草内生真菌研究领域的重要方向, 使中国的醉马草-内生真菌与美国的苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)-内生真菌(E. coenophiana)和新西兰的多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)-内生真菌(E. festucae var. lolii)成为禾草内生真菌国际三大研究分支。该文综述了近30年来对醉马草内生真菌共生体的系统研究, 包括: 内生真菌的分布、带菌率、检测方法、多样性, 内生真菌提高宿主的抗旱、耐寒、耐盐碱、耐重金属、抗虫、抗病等抗逆性及其机理, 共生体产生的生物碱等次生代谢物, 对草食动物的毒性, 及其在草地生态系统中的作用等。研究者实验证实了醉马草本身无毒, 只有当内生真菌与醉马草共生并产生麦角新碱和麦角酰胺等麦角类生物碱后才能导致采食醉马草家畜中毒。文章展望了醉马草内生真菌基因组学和功能分析, 利用杀菌剂杀死内生真菌进行醉马草脱毒, 利用无毒内生真菌菌株进行饲用醉马草新品种选育, 利用有毒醉马草内生真菌共生体进行抗虫防鸟的机场绿化新品种选育及生物源农药与医药开发等。

关键词: 禾草, 内生真菌, 展望, 毒草防控与利用, 生物防治

Abstract:

Research on drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians)-endophytic fungi (Epichloë gansuensis, E. inebrians) represented an important area of endophyte research in China. Compared with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)-endophyte (E. coenophiala) in the United States and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-endophyte (E. festucae var. lolii) in New Zealand, A. inebrians-endophyte research in China is becoming a leading branch of endophyte research. The studies of A. inebrians-endophyte symbionts over the past three decades were reviewed, mainly including endophyte distribution, detection methods, infection rate, fungal diversity, stress tolerances of drought, cold, salt, heavy metal, pest, disease and their mechanisms, secondary metabolite of alkaloids, feeding experiments and its ecological functions etc. Research reveals that drunken horse grass itself has no toxicity, the grazed animals will be intoxicated if the grass bears infection by Epichloë endophytes and produces ergot alkaloids. Future research will focus on E. gansuensis and E. inebrians genomics and endophyte functions. In other research we will create new grass cultivars that are 1) sanitized of the endophyte and non-toxic, 2) utilizing novel endophytes that deter birds feeding and 3) utilizing endophytes that are modified to produce novel fungicides, pesticides or medicines.

Key words: grasses, fungal endophytes, future perspectives, toxic grass control and utilization, bio-control

李春杰, 姚祥, 南志标. 醉马草内生真菌共生体研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(8): 793-805. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0001

LI Chun-Jie, YAO Xiang, NAN Zhi-Biao. Advances in research of Achnatherum inebrians-Epichloë endophyte symbionts. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(8): 793-805. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0001

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0001

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I8/793

图/表 1

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指标 Index	新疆 Xinjiang	青海 Qinghai	甘肃 Gansu	内蒙古 Nei Mongol	宁夏 Ningxia	西藏 Xizang
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	124-277	282-450	129-558	213-300	286-323	262-977
海拔 Elevation (m)	1 200-2 200	2 600-3 910	1 647-3 056	1 750-2 090	1 883-1 937	3 028-4 305
纬度 Latitude (N)	41.78°-47.97°	34.15°-37.28°	34.77°-38.83°	38.90°-39.02°	36.48°-36.55°	29.48°-30.17°
经度 Longitude (E)	74.82°-94.82°	99.77°-101.77°	99.62°-105.20°	105.83°-105.90°	105.67°-105.72°	96.07°-97.28°
带菌率 Infection rate (%)	97.7 (83-100)	98.3 (75-100)	98.9 (80-100)	95.8 (80-100)	100	97.0 (0-100)

指标 Index	新疆 Xinjiang	青海 Qinghai	甘肃 Gansu	内蒙古 Nei Mongol	宁夏 Ningxia	西藏 Xizang
年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	124-277	282-450	129-558	213-300	286-323	262-977
海拔 Elevation (m)	1 200-2 200	2 600-3 910	1 647-3 056	1 750-2 090	1 883-1 937	3 028-4 305
纬度 Latitude (N)	41.78°-47.97°	34.15°-37.28°	34.77°-38.83°	38.90°-39.02°	36.48°-36.55°	29.48°-30.17°
经度 Longitude (E)	74.82°-94.82°	99.77°-101.77°	99.62°-105.20°	105.83°-105.90°	105.67°-105.72°	96.07°-97.28°
带菌率 Infection rate (%)	97.7 (83-100)	98.3 (75-100)	98.9 (80-100)	95.8 (80-100)	100	97.0 (0-100)

醉马草内生真菌共生体研究进展

Advances in research of Achnatherum inebrians-Epichloë endophyte symbionts

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