功能多样性和谱系多样性对热带云雾林群落构建的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0003

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 217-226.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0003

所属专题：植被生态学；生物多样性

功能多样性和谱系多样性对热带云雾林群落构建的影响

程毅康¹,张辉¹,王旭¹,龙文兴^1,^2,^*(),李超¹,方燕山³,符明期³,朱孔新⁴

¹ 海南大学热带农林学院, 海口 570228
² 海南省五指山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 海南五指山 572200
³ 海南省黎母山省级自然保护区管理局, 海南琼中 572900
⁴ 海南省霸王岭林业局, 海南昌江 572700

收稿日期:2019-01-04 修回日期:2019-02-27 出版日期:2019-03-20 发布日期:2019-05-30
通讯作者: 龙文兴 ORCID:0000-0002-9195-5878
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31660163);国家自然科学基金(31870508);海南省自然科学基金(312064);海南省自然科学基金(2016CXTD003D)

Effects of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity on the tropical cloud forest community assembly

CHENG Yi-Kang¹,ZHANG Hui¹,WANG Xu¹,LONG Wen-Xing^1,^2,^*(),LI Chao¹,FANG Yan-Shan³,FU Ming-Qi³,ZHU Kong-Xin⁴

¹ Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
² National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Wuzhishan, Hainan 572200, China
³ Administration of Limushan Provincial Natural Reserve, Qiongzhong, Hainan 572900, China
⁴ Forestry Bureau of Bawangling, Changjiang, Hainan 572700, China

Received:2019-01-04 Revised:2019-02-27 Online:2019-03-20 Published:2019-05-30
Contact: LONG Wen-Xing ORCID:0000-0002-9195-5878
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660163);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870508);The Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province, China(312064);The Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province, China(2016CXTD003D)

1. 附录I 海南霸王岭热带云雾林系统发育树.pdf(233KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 功能多样性和谱系多样性为探究群落构建机制提供了新方法。为了更准确地了解海南岛高海拔热带云雾林群落构建机制, 该研究以海南岛霸王岭热带云雾林为对象, 测定7个环境因子和13个植物功能性状。利用主成分分析(PCA)筛选环境因子, 以霸王岭、尖峰岭和黎母山热带云雾林分布物种建立区域物种库, 结合模型, 分析Rao二次熵(RaoQ)和平均成对谱系距离(MPD)变化对植物群落构建的影响。结果表明: 林冠开阔度、土壤全磷含量和坡度是影响植物群落构建的关键环境因子。多数功能性状的系统发育信号很低且不显著, 说明热带云雾林群落的系统发育关系与功能性状随历史进程变化不一致。RaoQ和MPD的实际观测值都显著低于期望值, 且其标准效应值与土壤磷含量显著相关, 说明生境过滤是驱动热带云雾林群落构建的关键因子, 土壤磷含量是群落构建的关键环境筛。

关键词: 群落构建, 功能多样性, 谱系多样性, 环境因子, 热带云雾林

Abstract:

Aims Phylogenetic and functional diversity are important components of species biodiversity, and are thought to play key roles in the mechanisms of community assembly. In this study, we explore the mechanisms of community assembly in tropical cloud forest plant community in Hainan Island, in southern China, using phylogenetic and functional diversity based methods.

Methods We constructed a species pool of 186 woody plant species from three tropical cloud forest sites in Hainan Island. For these species, we measured 13 functional traits and assessed their phylogenetic signals. In addition, we measured seven environmental factors and assessed their relationships using Principal component analysis (PCA). Then we chose Rao’s quadratic entropy (RaoQ) and mean pairwise distance (MPD) indices to examine the effects of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity on tropical cloud forest community assembly. To do this we compared these indices to expectations under null models that assume neutral community assembly. We used standard effect sizes to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on community assembly.

Important findings Canopy openness, soil total phosphorus content and slope were significant environmental predictors in tropical cloud forest. The phylogenetic signals of most functional traits were very low and not significant, indicating that the phylogenetic relationship and functional traits were not consistent with the change of historical process. The observed values of RaoQ and MPD were significantly lower than expected, and their standard effect sizes were significantly correlated with soil phosphorus content, which suggested that habitat filtering driven by soil phosphorus was the key factor driving the community assembly in tropical cloud forest.

Key words: community assembly, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, environment factor, tropical cloud forest

程毅康, 张辉, 王旭, 龙文兴, 李超, 方燕山, 符明期, 朱孔新. 功能多样性和谱系多样性对热带云雾林群落构建的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(3): 217-226. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0003

CHENG Yi-Kang, ZHANG Hui, WANG Xu, LONG Wen-Xing, LI Chao, FANG Yan-Shan, FU Ming-Qi, ZHU Kong-Xin. Effects of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity on the tropical cloud forest community assembly. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(3): 217-226. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0003

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0003

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I3/217

图/表 8

图1 海南岛热带云雾林样地分布图。

Fig. 1 Distribution of the tropical cloud forest study sites in Hainan Island.

表1 海南岛云雾林样地概况

Table 1 Information on the study sites in the tropical cloud forest in Hainan Island

研究样地 Study site	海拔 Elevation (m)	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	坡度 Slope (°)	样方数 No. of plots	样地面积 Plot area (m²)	优势种 Dominant species
尖峰岭 Jianfeng Mt.	1 187.17- 1 397.19	108.87°	18.72°	10-65	12	4 800	罗浮锥、丛花厚壳桂、美丽新木姜子、黄叶树 Castanopsis faberi, Cryptocarya densiflora, Neolitsea pulchella, Xanthophyllum hainanense
霸王岭 Bawang Mt.	1 313.24- 1 385.24	109.21°	19.08°	2-45	21	8 400	蚊母树、赤楠、九节、黄杞 Distylium racemosum, Syzygium buxifolium, Psychotria rubra, Engelhardtia roxburghiana
黎母山 Limu Mt.	1 363.73- 1 403.32	109.76°	19.18°	3-42	15	6 000	普洱茶、岭南青冈、罗浮锥、细枝柃 Camellia sinensis var. assamica, Cyclobalanopsis championii, Castanopsis faberi, Eurya loquaiana

表2 热带云雾林环境因子的主成分分析

Table 2 Principle component analysis (PCA) among environment factors in tropical cloud forest

环境变量 Environmental variable	PCA1	PCA2	PCA3	PCA4
林冠开阔度 CO (%)	-0.33	-	0.89	-0.24
土壤有机质含量 SOM (g·kg^-1)	-0.35	0.47	-0.23	-0.34
全磷含量 TP (g·kg^-1)	-0.50	-	-	0.31
全氮含量 TN (g·kg^-1)	-0.47	-0.11	-0.32	-0.15
有效氮含量 AN (mg·kg^-1)	-0.47	-0.19	-0.19	-0.19
有效磷含量 AP (mg·kg^-1)	0.24	0.59	-	-0.48
坡度 SP (o)	0.13	-0.61	-	-0.66
特征值 Characteristic value	3.32	1.87	0.48	0.17
解释方差比例 Explained variance proportion	0.52	0.27	0.10	0.07
累积解释方差比例 Cumulative explained variance proportion	0.52	0.79	0.89	0.96

图2 海南岛热带云雾林群落环境因子相关性分析。CO, 林冠开阔度; SOM, 土壤有机质含量; TP, 全磷含量; TN, 全氮含量; AN, 有效氮含量; AP, 有效磷含量; SP, 坡度。*, p ＜ 0.05; **, p ＜ 0.01; ***, p ＜ 0.001。

Fig. 2 Correlation analysis among environmental factors of Hainan tropical cloud forests. CO, canopy openness; SOM, soil organic matter content; TP, total phosphorus content; TN, total nitrogen content; AN, available nitrogen content; AP, available phosphorus content; SP, slope. *, p ＜ 0.05; **, p ＜ 0.01; ***, p ＜ 0.001.

表3 热带云雾林植物功能性状的系统发育信号

Table 3 Phylogenetic signal of plants functional traits in tropical cloud forest

功能性状 Functional trait	K	p
根部氮含量 Root nitrogen content (RN)	0.258	0.639
根部磷含量 Root phosphorus content (RP)	0.405	0.193
根部可溶性糖含量 Root soluble sugar content (RS)	0.210	0.820
叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen content (LN)	0.677	0.027
叶片磷含量 Leaf phosphorus content (LP)	0.579	0.055
叶片可溶性糖含量 Leaf soluble sugar content (LS)	0.190	0.857
茎干氮含量 Stem nitrogen content (SN)	0.448	0.195
茎干磷含量 Stem phosphorus content (SP)	4.258	0.005
茎干可溶性糖含量 Stem soluble sugar content (SS)	0.314	0.429
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA)	0.373	0.413
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (Chl)	0.459	0.062
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (LTh)	0.282	0.589
木材密度 Wood density (WD)	0.294	0.527

图3 热带云雾林功能多样性和谱系多样性期望值与观测值比较。预期值, 灰色直方图; 观测值, 黑色垂直线。CO, 林冠开阔度; TP, 全磷含量; SP, 坡度。

Fig. 3 Comparison of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity expectations with observed values in tropical cloud forest. The null distribution is the grey histogram and the observed values are the black vertical bars. MPD, mean pairwise distance; RaoQ, Rao’s quadratic entropy.

图4 热带云雾林Rao二次熵指数的标准效应值(SES.RaoQ)沿环境梯度的变化规律。CO, 林冠开阔度; TP, 全磷含量; SP, 坡度。

Fig. 4 Patterns of standard effect size of Rao’s quadratic entropy (SES.RaoQ) along environmental gradients in tropical cloud forest. CO, canopy openness; TP, total phosphorus content; SP, slope.

图5 热带云雾林净种间亲缘关系指数(NRI)沿环境梯度的变化规律。CO, 林冠开阔度; TP, 全磷含量; SP, 坡度。

Fig. 5 Patterns of net relatedness index (NRI) along environmental gradients in tropical cloud forest. CO, canopy openness; TP, total phosphorus content; SP, slope.

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功能多样性和谱系多样性对热带云雾林群落构建的影响

Effects of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity on the tropical cloud forest community assembly

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