植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 192-204.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0304
所属专题: 光合作用
收稿日期:
2019-11-07
接受日期:
2020-02-01
出版日期:
2020-03-20
发布日期:
2020-03-26
通讯作者:
朱师丹 ORCID:0000-0002-9228-368X
基金资助:
SONG Hui-Qing,NI Ming-Yuan,ZHU Shi-Dan()
Received:
2019-11-07
Accepted:
2020-02-01
Online:
2020-03-20
Published:
2020-03-26
Contact:
Shi-Dan ZHU ORCID:0000-0002-9228-368X
Supported by:
摘要:
木质藤本是热带森林的重要组成部分, 显著影响森林的结构和功能。已有研究发现木质藤本与乔木的水力结构存在显著差异: 木质藤本的缠绕或攀缘茎细小, 但其木质部具有粗大的长导管, 输水效率高, 抗栓塞能力低。为降低基因型差异对比较结果的影响, 该研究选取热带崖豆藤属(Millettia)和买麻藤属(Gnetum)的乔木和木质藤本, 比较同属内不同生长型植物的水力和光合性状的差异, 分析水分传导效率与抗栓塞能力之间以及水力与光合性状之间的相关关系。结果发现: (1)崖豆藤属植物水力性状的种间差异大, 与生活型和需光性有关。耐阴的木质藤本反而具有较低的水分传导效率和较高的抗栓塞能力。(2)买麻藤属植物是裸子植物较为进化的类群(具有导管和阔叶), 其乔木的水分传导效率很低, 但是其木质藤本的水分传导效率高于其他阳生性的被子植物。(3)不论乔木还是木质藤本, 水分传导的有效性与安全性在枝条和叶片水平上均没有显著的权衡关系。(4)与同属乔木相比, 木质藤本的叶片较枝条的抗栓塞能力更强, 在旱季具有更高的最大净光合速率和气孔导度, 支持了木质藤本的“旱季生长优势假说”。该研究揭示了热带木质藤本水力性状的多样性和重要性, 为阐明环境变化对这一重要植物类群的影响, 需要对它们的水力特征进行更广泛的研究。
宋慧清, 倪鸣源, 朱师丹. 乔木与木质藤本的水力与光合性状的差异: 以热带森林崖豆藤属和买麻藤属为例. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(3): 192-204. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0304
SONG Hui-Qing, NI Ming-Yuan, ZHU Shi-Dan. Hydraulic and photosynthetic characteristics differ between co-generic tree and liana species: a case study of Millettia and Gnetum in tropical forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(3): 192-204. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0304
物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 缩写 Abbreviation | 最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length (m) | 原生生境分布 Native habitat of adult in the forest |
---|---|---|---|---|
崖豆藤属(豆科) Millettia (Fabaceae) | ||||
思茅崖豆 Millettia leptobotrya | 乔木 Tree | M. lep | 0.69 | 山坡疏林或常绿阔叶林中, 海拔300-1 000 m Open forest on slopes or evergreen broad-leaved forest; 300-1 000 m a.s.l. |
红河崖豆 Millettia cubittii | 乔木 Tree | M. cub | 0.49 | 河边的林地或路边, 海拔300-1 000 m Riparian forest or roadside; 300-1 000 m a.s.l. |
变色鸡血藤 Millettia versicolor | 乔木 Tree | M. ver | 引种于非洲南部热带次生林、稀树草原 Tropical secondary forests and savannas of southern Africa | |
厚果崖豆藤 Millettia pachycarpa | 藤本 Liana | M. pac | 1.50 | 山坡疏林、阔叶林内或路边, 海拔100-2 000 m Open forest on slopes, broad-leaved forest or roadside; 100-2 000 m a.s.l. |
香花崖豆藤 Millettia dielsiana | 藤本 Liana | M. die | 0.82 | 山坡杂木林与灌丛中, 海拔300-2 500 m Tree-shrub mixed forest on slopes; 300-2 500 m a.s.l. |
海南崖豆藤 Millettia pachyloba | 藤本 Liana | M. pab | 沟谷常绿阔叶林中, 海拔1 500 m以下 Evergreen broad-leaved forests in valleys; below 1 500 m a.s.l. | |
买麻藤属(买麻藤科) Gnetum (Gnetaceae) | ||||
灌状买麻藤 Gnetum gnemon | 乔木 Tree | G. gne | 湿润的常绿次生森林下, 海拔1 600-2 000 m Moist evergreen secondary forests; 1 600-2 000 m a.s.l. | |
少苞买麻藤 Gnetum brunonianum | 乔木 Tree | G. bru | 1.14 | 海拔350 m的阔叶林下 Broad-leaved forest; below 350 m a.s.l. |
小叶买麻藤 Gnetum parvifolium | 藤本 Liana | G. par | 2.00 | 海拔较低的干燥平地或湿润谷地的森林,海拔100-1 000m Dry flat or moist valleys forests at lower altitude; 100-1 000 m a.s.l. |
表1 9种植物的生活型、名称缩写、最大导管长度以及生态学特性描述
Table 1 Life form, species abbreviations, maximum vessel length and ecological descriptions for the nine woody species
物种 Species | 生活型 Life form | 缩写 Abbreviation | 最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length (m) | 原生生境分布 Native habitat of adult in the forest |
---|---|---|---|---|
崖豆藤属(豆科) Millettia (Fabaceae) | ||||
思茅崖豆 Millettia leptobotrya | 乔木 Tree | M. lep | 0.69 | 山坡疏林或常绿阔叶林中, 海拔300-1 000 m Open forest on slopes or evergreen broad-leaved forest; 300-1 000 m a.s.l. |
红河崖豆 Millettia cubittii | 乔木 Tree | M. cub | 0.49 | 河边的林地或路边, 海拔300-1 000 m Riparian forest or roadside; 300-1 000 m a.s.l. |
变色鸡血藤 Millettia versicolor | 乔木 Tree | M. ver | 引种于非洲南部热带次生林、稀树草原 Tropical secondary forests and savannas of southern Africa | |
厚果崖豆藤 Millettia pachycarpa | 藤本 Liana | M. pac | 1.50 | 山坡疏林、阔叶林内或路边, 海拔100-2 000 m Open forest on slopes, broad-leaved forest or roadside; 100-2 000 m a.s.l. |
香花崖豆藤 Millettia dielsiana | 藤本 Liana | M. die | 0.82 | 山坡杂木林与灌丛中, 海拔300-2 500 m Tree-shrub mixed forest on slopes; 300-2 500 m a.s.l. |
海南崖豆藤 Millettia pachyloba | 藤本 Liana | M. pab | 沟谷常绿阔叶林中, 海拔1 500 m以下 Evergreen broad-leaved forests in valleys; below 1 500 m a.s.l. | |
买麻藤属(买麻藤科) Gnetum (Gnetaceae) | ||||
灌状买麻藤 Gnetum gnemon | 乔木 Tree | G. gne | 湿润的常绿次生森林下, 海拔1 600-2 000 m Moist evergreen secondary forests; 1 600-2 000 m a.s.l. | |
少苞买麻藤 Gnetum brunonianum | 乔木 Tree | G. bru | 1.14 | 海拔350 m的阔叶林下 Broad-leaved forest; below 350 m a.s.l. |
小叶买麻藤 Gnetum parvifolium | 藤本 Liana | G. par | 2.00 | 海拔较低的干燥平地或湿润谷地的森林,海拔100-1 000m Dry flat or moist valleys forests at lower altitude; 100-1 000 m a.s.l. |
图1 崖豆藤属(左)与买麻藤属(右)木本植物的枝条和叶片脆弱性曲线。实心和空心圆分别代表乔木和木质藤本。树种名称缩写见表1。垂直虚线表示枝条与叶片导水率损失50%时的水势值(P50branch和P50leaf)。
Fig. 1 Branch and leaf vulnerability curves of the woody species in Millettia (left) and Gnetum (right). Filled and open circles indicate tree and liana species, respectively. Species abbreviations are shown in Table 1. Water potential at 50% loss of branch hydraulic conductivity (P50branch) and leaf hydraulic conductance (P50leaf) are indicated by vertical dashed lines. Kleaf, leaf hydraulic conductivity.
图2 崖豆藤属与买麻藤属9种植物的边材比导率(ks)、叶比导率(kl)、叶面积/边材面积(Al/As)和边材密度(WD)的比较(平均值+标准误差)。实心和空心柱分别表示乔木和木质藤本。不同字母表示各指标之间有显著性差异(p < 0.05)。物种名称的缩写见表1。
Fig. 2 Comparison in branch hydraulic traits among the nine woody species in Millettia and Gnetum (mean + SE). ks, sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity; kl, leaf specific hydraulic conductivity; Al/As, leaf area/sapwood area ratio; WD, sapwood density. Filled and open bars indicate tree and liana species, respectively. Different letters indicate significant difference at p < 0.05. Species abbreviations are shown in Table 1.
图3 植物水分传导有效性与安全性之间的相关关系。A, 枝条木质部抗栓塞能力(P50branch)与边材比导率(ks)之间的相关关系; B, 叶片抗栓塞能力(P50leaf)与叶片最大导水率(Kleaf-max)之间的相关关系。误差线为标准误差。
Fig. 3 Relationship between sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (ks) and vulnerability to cavitation in branches (A), and relationship between maximum hydraulic leaf conductance (Kleaf-max) and vulnerability to cavitation in leaves (B). P50branch, xylem water potential at 50% loss of branch hydraulic conductivity; P50leaf, leaf water potential at 50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductance. Error bars are standard errors.
图4 水力性状与旱季叶片气体交换速率之间的相关关系。A、B, 旱季最大净光合速率(Amax)与叶比导率(kl)和叶片水力导度(Kleaf-max)之间的相关性; C、D, 枝-叶脆弱性分段(P50leaf-branch)与旱季最大净光合速率(Amax)和气孔导度(gs-max)之间的相关关系。误差线为标准误差。
Fig. 4 Relationships between maximum net photosynthetic rates during the dry season (Amax) and leaf specific hydraulic conductivity (kl)(A), or maximum leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf-max)(B), and relationships between the difference in P50 between leaves and branches (P50leaf-branch) and Amax (C) or maximum stomatal conductance during the dry season (gs-max)(D). Error bars are standard errors.
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