土地利用与土地覆盖变化对生态系统的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0071

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着人口的增长和人类社会的发展, 土地利用与土地覆盖变化已经是不可避免。土地利用与土地覆盖变化不仅对生态系统的要素、结构和功能产生深远的影响, 也会对全球变化产生反馈作用。针对土地利用与土地覆盖变化的过程、驱动机制以及在各个方面可能产生的生态环境效应的科学研究已经全面开展。该文综述了土地利用与土地覆盖变化对气候、土壤、生物地球化学循环、生物多样性以及区域生态环境等影响方面的研究进展, 并提出了相关研究的前沿方向展望。随着新技术的不断发展, 学者们将更多地侧重预测未来全球变化背景下的土地利用与土地覆盖变化趋势、合理性以及适应性, 为可持续发展提供基础资料和理论依据。

关键词: 土地利用变化, 土地覆盖变化, 生物地球物理, 生物地球化学, 生态环境效应, 气候变化

Abstract:

With the growth of human population and the development of human society, land use and land cover change (LUCC) is inevitable. LUCC not only has a far-reaching impact on the elements, structure and functions of ecosystems, but also has a feedback effect on global climate change. Scientific research has been carried out on the processes of land use change, the driving mechanisms, and the possible ecological and environmental effects in various aspects. This paper reviews the research progress on the impacts of land use change on climate, soil, biogeochemical cycle, biodiversity and regional ecological environment, and puts forward the prospects for the frontier research. With the continuous development of new technologies, scholars will focus more on the prediction of the future development, rationality and adaptability of LUCC in the context of future global change, providing basic information and theoretical basis for sustainable development.

Key words: land use change, land cover change, biogeophysics, biogeochemistry, eco-environmental effects, climate change

白娥, 薛冰. 土地利用与土地覆盖变化对生态系统的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(5): 543-552. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0071

Edith BAI, XUE Bing. A review of influences of land use and land cover change on ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(5): 543-552. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0071

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0071

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I5/543

图/表 4

参考文献 49

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序号 No.	文献信息 Literature information	备注 Note
1	Goldewijk KK (2001). Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: the HYDE database. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15, 417-433.	最常用的全球尺度土地利用和土地覆被变化(LUCC)数据之一 One of the most commonly used global scale land use and land cover change (LUCC) data
2	Ellis EC, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Lightman, D, Ramankutty N (2010). Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19, 589-606.	综合各数据源, 研究了1700年到2010年间全球生态系统变化 The global ecosystem changes from 1700 to 2010 were studied by integrating various data sources
3	Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 3465-3472.	综合分析全球LUCC及人地矛盾, 提出最大限度保留自然生态系统的相关策略 A comprehensive analysis of the global LUCC and the contradiction between human and land, suggesting the relevant strategies of retaining the natural ecosystems to the maximum extent
4	Seto KC, Guneralp B, Hutyra LR (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 16083-16088.	对至2030年的城市化进程进行预测, 并分析其对生物多样性和碳循环的影响 Forecasting the urbanization process to 2030 and analyzing its impact on biodiversity and carbon cycle
5	Hurtt GC, Chini LP, Frolking S, Betts RA, Feddema J, Fischer G, Fisk JP, Hibbard K, Houghton RA, Janetos A, Jones CD, Kindermann G, Kinoshita T, Goldewijk KK, Riahi K, Shevliakova E, Smith S, Stehfest E, Thomson A, Thornton P, van Vuuren DP, Wang YP (2011). Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500-2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands. Climatic Change, 109, 117-161.	将土地利用历史数据与基于多个综合评价模型情景信息结合, 研究人类1500-2100年地球系统的影响的LUCC情景 LUCC scenarios of the impact of human on earth system between 1500-2100 via combination of historical land use data with scenario information based on multiple comprehensive evaluation models
6	Houghton RA, House JI, Pongratz J, van der Werf GR, DeFries RS, Hansen MC, Le Quéré C, Ramankutty N (2012). Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change. Biogeosciences, 9, 5125-5142.	LUCC对碳循环的影响, 作者在2017年对相关研究又进行了更新, 发表在Global Biogeochemical Cycles上 The impact of LUCC on carbon cycle. The authors updated the data in 2017 and published the new results in Global Biogeochemical Cycles
7	Pielke RA Sr, Marland G, Betts RA, Chase TN, Eastman JL, Niles JO, Niyogi DS, Running SW (2002). The influence of land-use change and landscape dynamics on the climate system: relevance to climate- change policy beyond the radiative effect of greenhouse gases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering, 360, 1705-1719.	全面量化LUCC对气候的影响, 特别是对区域尺度气候的影响 Quantifying the impacts of LUCC on climate, especially on regional scale climate
8	Falcucci A, Maiorano L, Boitani L (2007). Changes in land-use/ land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation. Landscape Ecology, 22, 617-631.	以意大利为例, 探讨LUCC对生物多样性的影响 Taking Italy as an example to explore the impact of LUCC on biodiversity
9	Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Kuang W, Zhou W, Zhang S, Li R, Yan C, Yu D, Wu S, Jiang N (2010). Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China during the early 21st century. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 20, 483-494.	中国21世纪早期LUCC的驱动力分析, 指出中国区域发展战略的实施是LUCC的驱动力 The driving force analysis of LUCC in the early 21st century in China, suggesting the importance of the implementation of China’s regional development strategy
10	Long H, Liu Y, Wu X, Dong G (2009). Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements in Su-Xi-Chang region: implications for building a new countryside in coastal China. Land Use Policy, 26, 322-333.	以中国某地区为例, 利用高分辨率遥感数据, 探讨城市化过程中的土地利用变化及相关规划政策 Taking an area in China as an example to discuss land use change and related planning policies in the process of urbanization using high-resolution remote sensing data

序号 No.	文献信息 Literature information	备注 Note
1	Goldewijk KK (2001). Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years: the HYDE database. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 15, 417-433.	最常用的全球尺度土地利用和土地覆被变化(LUCC)数据之一 One of the most commonly used global scale land use and land cover change (LUCC) data
2	Ellis EC, Goldewijk KK, Siebert S, Lightman, D, Ramankutty N (2010). Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19, 589-606.	综合各数据源, 研究了1700年到2010年间全球生态系统变化 The global ecosystem changes from 1700 to 2010 were studied by integrating various data sources
3	Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2011). Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 3465-3472.	综合分析全球LUCC及人地矛盾, 提出最大限度保留自然生态系统的相关策略 A comprehensive analysis of the global LUCC and the contradiction between human and land, suggesting the relevant strategies of retaining the natural ecosystems to the maximum extent
4	Seto KC, Guneralp B, Hutyra LR (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 16083-16088.	对至2030年的城市化进程进行预测, 并分析其对生物多样性和碳循环的影响 Forecasting the urbanization process to 2030 and analyzing its impact on biodiversity and carbon cycle
5	Hurtt GC, Chini LP, Frolking S, Betts RA, Feddema J, Fischer G, Fisk JP, Hibbard K, Houghton RA, Janetos A, Jones CD, Kindermann G, Kinoshita T, Goldewijk KK, Riahi K, Shevliakova E, Smith S, Stehfest E, Thomson A, Thornton P, van Vuuren DP, Wang YP (2011). Harmonization of land-use scenarios for the period 1500-2100: 600 years of global gridded annual land-use transitions, wood harvest, and resulting secondary lands. Climatic Change, 109, 117-161.	将土地利用历史数据与基于多个综合评价模型情景信息结合, 研究人类1500-2100年地球系统的影响的LUCC情景 LUCC scenarios of the impact of human on earth system between 1500-2100 via combination of historical land use data with scenario information based on multiple comprehensive evaluation models
6	Houghton RA, House JI, Pongratz J, van der Werf GR, DeFries RS, Hansen MC, Le Quéré C, Ramankutty N (2012). Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change. Biogeosciences, 9, 5125-5142.	LUCC对碳循环的影响, 作者在2017年对相关研究又进行了更新, 发表在Global Biogeochemical Cycles上 The impact of LUCC on carbon cycle. The authors updated the data in 2017 and published the new results in Global Biogeochemical Cycles
7	Pielke RA Sr, Marland G, Betts RA, Chase TN, Eastman JL, Niles JO, Niyogi DS, Running SW (2002). The influence of land-use change and landscape dynamics on the climate system: relevance to climate- change policy beyond the radiative effect of greenhouse gases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering, 360, 1705-1719.	全面量化LUCC对气候的影响, 特别是对区域尺度气候的影响 Quantifying the impacts of LUCC on climate, especially on regional scale climate
8	Falcucci A, Maiorano L, Boitani L (2007). Changes in land-use/ land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation. Landscape Ecology, 22, 617-631.	以意大利为例, 探讨LUCC对生物多样性的影响 Taking Italy as an example to explore the impact of LUCC on biodiversity
9	Liu J, Zhang Z, Xu X, Kuang W, Zhou W, Zhang S, Li R, Yan C, Yu D, Wu S, Jiang N (2010). Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China during the early 21st century. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 20, 483-494.	中国21世纪早期LUCC的驱动力分析, 指出中国区域发展战略的实施是LUCC的驱动力 The driving force analysis of LUCC in the early 21st century in China, suggesting the importance of the implementation of China’s regional development strategy
10	Long H, Liu Y, Wu X, Dong G (2009). Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements in Su-Xi-Chang region: implications for building a new countryside in coastal China. Land Use Policy, 26, 322-333.	以中国某地区为例, 利用高分辨率遥感数据, 探讨城市化过程中的土地利用变化及相关规划政策 Taking an area in China as an example to discuss land use change and related planning policies in the process of urbanization using high-resolution remote sensing data

区域 Region	年份 Year	森林 Forest (Mhm²)	农田 Cropland (Mhm²)	牧场 Pasture (Mhm²)	其他 Others (Mhm²)
热带非洲 Tropical Africa	1850	792	78	777	781
热带非洲 Tropical Africa	2015	614	241	809	765
拉丁美洲 Latin America	1850	1 248	18	229	555
拉丁美洲 Latin America	2015	932	198	564	356
南亚及东南亚 South Asia and Southeast Asia	1850	533	168	23	222
南亚及东南亚 South Asia and Southeast Asia	2015	326	333	36	250
热带总计 Tropical subtotal	1850	2 573	264	1 029	1 557
热带总计 Tropical subtotal	2015	1 872	772	1 408	1 371
北美洲 North America	1850	768	60	75	1 078
北美洲 North America	2015	657	200	266	859
欧洲 Europe	1850	130	166	94	103
欧洲 Europe	2015	174	122	71	126
“苏联” “Former USSR”	1850	879	60	112	1 180
“苏联” “Former USSR”	2015	857	153	365	856
中国 China	1850	159	112	108	582
中国 China	2015	208	130	393	229
北非及中东 North Africa and the Middle East	1850	40	54	225	987
北非及中东 North Africa and the Middle East	2015	37	96	345	827
东亚 East Asia	1850	64	5	138	10
东亚 East Asia	2015	49	9	113	45
大洋洲 Oceania	1850	210	9	299	291
大洋洲 Oceania	2015	140	49	351	270
温带总计 Temporal subtotal	1850	2 249	466	1 050	4 231
温带总计 Temporal subtotal	2015	2 123	758	1 904	3 212
全球 Global	1850	4 823	730	2 079	5 788
全球 Global	2015	3 995	1 530	3 312	4 583

区域 Region	年份 Year	森林 Forest (Mhm²)	农田 Cropland (Mhm²)	牧场 Pasture (Mhm²)	其他 Others (Mhm²)
热带非洲 Tropical Africa	1850	792	78	777	781
热带非洲 Tropical Africa	2015	614	241	809	765
拉丁美洲 Latin America	1850	1 248	18	229	555
拉丁美洲 Latin America	2015	932	198	564	356
南亚及东南亚 South Asia and Southeast Asia	1850	533	168	23	222
南亚及东南亚 South Asia and Southeast Asia	2015	326	333	36	250
热带总计 Tropical subtotal	1850	2 573	264	1 029	1 557
热带总计 Tropical subtotal	2015	1 872	772	1 408	1 371
北美洲 North America	1850	768	60	75	1 078
北美洲 North America	2015	657	200	266	859
欧洲 Europe	1850	130	166	94	103
欧洲 Europe	2015	174	122	71	126
“苏联” “Former USSR”	1850	879	60	112	1 180
“苏联” “Former USSR”	2015	857	153	365	856
中国 China	1850	159	112	108	582
中国 China	2015	208	130	393	229
北非及中东 North Africa and the Middle East	1850	40	54	225	987
北非及中东 North Africa and the Middle East	2015	37	96	345	827
东亚 East Asia	1850	64	5	138	10
东亚 East Asia	2015	49	9	113	45
大洋洲 Oceania	1850	210	9	299	291
大洋洲 Oceania	2015	140	49	351	270
温带总计 Temporal subtotal	1850	2 249	466	1 050	4 231
温带总计 Temporal subtotal	2015	2 123	758	1 904	3 212
全球 Global	1850	4 823	730	2 079	5 788
全球 Global	2015	3 995	1 530	3 312	4 583