2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量演变特征及 驱动力分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0253

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 617-625.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0253

2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量演变特征及驱动力分析

汲玉河¹^,², 周广胜¹^,²^,^*(), 王树东³, 王丽霞⁴, 周梦子¹

¹中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室, 北京 100081
²郑州大学地球科学与技术学院生态气象联合实验室, 郑州 450001
³中国科学院空天信息创新研究院, 北京 100101
⁴生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094

收稿日期:2020-07-28 接受日期:2021-03-15 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-09-09
通讯作者: 周广胜
作者简介:^*(zhougs@cma.gov.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41705093);国家自然科学基金(41571175);国家自然科学基金(31661143028);国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0606103)

Evolution characteristics and its driving forces analysis of vegetation ecological quality in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019

JI Yu-He¹^,², ZHOU Guang-Sheng¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Shu-Dong³, WANG Li-Xia⁴, ZHOU Meng-Zi¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, Beijing 100081, China
²Joint Laboratory of Eco-meteorology, School of Earth Science and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
³Aerospace Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
⁴Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2020-07-28 Accepted:2021-03-15 Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-09-09
Contact: ZHOU Guang-Sheng
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41705093);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571175);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31661143028);National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0606103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了阐明2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量变化的空间异质性, 以及植被生态质量变化的驱动力, 该文采用模型模拟和卫星观测的方法对植被生态质量演变及其驱动力进行研究。结果显示: (1)秦岭地区植被生态质量整体显著改善, 植被净初级生产力(NPP)和植被覆盖度(VFC)的平均增加速率分别为8 g C·m^-2·a^-1和0.005 4·a^-1。空间上, 秦岭地区85%-95%区域的植被生态质量明显改善, 但是以西安市为代表的局部地区植被NPP和VFC显著下降。(2)秦岭地区80%-85%区域的降水量和气温呈上升趋势, 与植被NPP和VFC增加的空间范围大体一致, 证实气候暖湿化对改善植被质量有重要驱动作用。(3)人类保护活动(天然林保护、退耕还林还草等)使秦岭地区大范围植被生态系统得到抚育, 林地、草地和水域面积大幅度增加。以秦岭北麓为代表的建设用地扩张是秦岭部分地区植被生态质量恶化的主要原因, 但是人类破坏活动被限制在局部区域。

关键词: 秦岭, 生态质量, 气候变化, 归一化植被指数, 植被覆盖度, 净初级生产力

Abstract:

Aims This study was conducted to illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation ecological quality change, and to clarify the driving forces of ecological quality change in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019.

Methods The methods of model simulation and satellite observation were used.

Important findings The results showed that (1) Vegetation ecological quality in Qinling Mountains region was significantly improved, and the average increase rates of net primary productivity (NPP) and vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) were 8 g C·m^-2·a^-1 and 0.005 4·a^-1, respectively. Spatially, 85%-95% of the Qinling Mountains region showed a significant improvement in ecosystem quality, but NPP and VFC decreased significantly in some areas such as Xiʼan City. (2) 80%-85% of the Qinling Mountains region showed an increasing trend in precipitation and temperature, which was consistent with the distribution area increasing NPP and VFC. These evidence confirmed that warm and humid climate played an important role in improving vegetation ecological quality. (3) Human protection activities (Natural Forest Protection, Grain for Green Project, etc.) have increased the area of woodland, grassland and water area significantly, and a large range of vegetation ecosystems have been nurtured in the Qinling Mountains region. The expansion of construction land represented by the northern slope of Qinling Mountains was the main reason for the deterioration of vegetation ecological quality. However, human destructive activities were limited to local areas.

Key words: Qinling Mountains, ecological quality, climate change, normalized difference vegetation index, vegetation fractional coverage, net primary productivity

汲玉河, 周广胜, 王树东, 王丽霞, 周梦子. 2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量演变特征及驱动力分析. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(6): 617-625. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0253

JI Yu-He, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, WANG Shu-Dong, WANG Li-Xia, ZHOU Meng-Zi. Evolution characteristics and its driving forces analysis of vegetation ecological quality in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(6): 617-625. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0253

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0253

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I6/617

图/表 7

图1 广义秦岭的地理范围。

Fig. 1 Geographical range of Qinling Mountains region in a broad sense.

图2 2000-2019年秦岭地区1 km × 1 km空间精度上多年平均的植被净初级生产力(NPP)(A)、植被覆盖度(VFC)(B), 及其变化趋势(C, D), 以及各栅格平均的变化趋势(E, F)。

Fig. 2 Annual vegetation net primary productivity (NPP)(A), average vegetation coverage (VFC)(B), their change trends (C, D) at spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km, and the average change trends from all grids (E, F) in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019.

图3 2000-2019年秦岭地区1 km × 1 km空间精度上的年平均气温变化趋势(A)及各栅格平均的变化趋势(B)。

Fig. 3 Change trends of mean annual temperature (A) at spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km, and the average trend from all grids over Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019 (B).

图4 2000-2019年秦岭地区1 km × 1 km空间精度上的年降水量变化趋势(A)及各栅格平均的变化趋势(B)。

Fig. 4 Change trends of annual precipitation (A) at spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km, and the average trend from all grids over Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019 (B).

表1 2000-2019年秦岭地区1 km × 1 km空间精度上平均的气候变量(年降水量和年平均气温)与植被变量(净初级生产力和覆盖度)的偏相关关系

Table 1 Partial correlations between climate variables (annual precipitation and annual mean air temperature) and vegetation variables (net primary productivity and coverage) from 1 km × 1 km spatial accuracy over Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019

植被变量 Vegetation variables	年降水量 Annual precipitation			年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature
植被变量 Vegetation variables	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	显著性 Significance (Two-tailed)	自由度 df	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	显著性 Significance (Two-tailed)	自由度 df
净初级生产力 Net primary productivity	0.603	0.006	17	0.360	0.130	17
覆盖度 Coverage	0.291	0.226	17	0.393	0.096	17

表2 2000-2015年秦岭地区土地利用类型及其变化

Table 2 Land use types and their change in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2015

土地利用变化 Land use change	农田 Farmland	林地 Forest land	草地 Grassland	水域 Body of water	建设用地 Construction land
2000年面积 Area in 2000 (hm²)	3 243 955	4 902 716	3 652 886	107 819	187 831
2015年面积 Area in 2015 (hm²)	3 092 793	4 928 172	3 671 340	118 299	282 880
增减面积 Increase or decrease area (hm²)	-151 162	25 456	18 454	10 480	95 049
增减幅度 Range of increase or decrease (%)	-4.66	0.52	0.51	9.72	50.60

图5 2000-2015年秦岭地区土地利用的变化。

Fig. 5 Change of land use in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2015.

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2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量演变特征及驱动力分析

Evolution characteristics and its driving forces analysis of vegetation ecological quality in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019

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2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量演变特征及 驱动力分析

Evolution characteristics and its driving forces analysis of vegetation ecological quality in Qinling Mountains region from 2000 to 2019

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2000-2019年秦岭地区植被生态质量演变特征及驱动力分析