氮添加对南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物-土壤植硅体碳的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0184

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1302-1311.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0184 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0184

氮添加对南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物-土壤植硅体碳的影响

陆啸飞¹^,², 覃张芬²^,³, 王斌¹, 旷远文²^,³^,^*()

¹南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室, 大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心, 南京 210044
²中国科学院退化生态系统植被恢复与管理院重点实验室, 中国科学院华南植物园, 广州 510650
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-06-28 接受日期:2023-12-21 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-01-22
通讯作者: 旷远文
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32301432);江苏省创新支撑计划(软科学研究)专项基金(BK20230421)

Effects of nitrogen addition on phytolith-occluded carbon of understory plant-soil system in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China

LU Xiao-Fei¹^,², QIN Zhang-Fen²^,³, WANG Bin¹, KUANG Yuan-Wen²^,³^,^*()

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
²Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-06-28 Accepted:2023-12-21 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-01-22
Contact: KUANG Yuan-Wen
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301432);Foundation of Jiangsu Innovation Support Program (Soft Science Research)(BK20230421)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物在吸收土壤溶液中的硅并形成植硅体的过程中会包裹少量有机碳, 被称为植硅体碳。近年来, 植硅体碳固存被认为是陆地生态系统碳固存的重要机制之一。大气氮沉降速率上升对森林碳动态产生了深刻影响, 但鲜有研究关注外源氮输入对森林植硅体碳固存的影响。该研究依托广东石门台常绿阔叶林的林冠和林下野外氮添加实验平台, 探究外源氮输入增加对南亚热带常绿阔叶林优势灌木、草本植物叶片和土壤植硅体碳含量的影响和调控机制。结果发现, 林下高浓度氮添加显著提高了林下植物叶片和凋落物植硅体碳含量, 外源氮输入增加刺激了植物对硅的吸收, 增强了植硅体固存有机碳的能力。然而, 仅林冠高氮添加显著提高了表层土壤中植硅体碳含量, 林下氮添加无显著影响, 这可能是由于林下氮添加抑制了凋落物分解, 减缓了凋落物中植硅体释放。结构方程模型结果表明, 氮添加导致的磷限制加剧、土壤酸化和凋落物分解速率变化是影响林下植物和土壤植硅体碳含量的主要因子。大气氮沉降速率增加能提升南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物和土壤的植硅体碳固存潜力。

关键词: 氮沉降, 植硅体碳, 碳固存, 亚热带森林, 林下植物

Abstract:

Aims As plants take up silicon (Si) from soil solutions and then form phytoliths, a little organic carbon (C) can be occluded, which is called phytolith-occluded C (PhytOC). Recently, PhytOC storage is recognized as one mechanism influencing C storage in terrestrial ecosystems. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition over the past few decades has profoundly affected C dynamics in forest ecosystems. However, limited study focused on increased exogenous N inputs effects on phytolith C sequestration in forests.

Methods Here, we designed an experiment with canopy N addition of 25 and 50 kg·hm⁻²·a⁻¹ (simplified as CN25 and CN50), respectively, and understory N addition of 25 and 50 kg·hm⁻²·a⁻¹ (simplified as UN25 and UN50), respectively, in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, to explore the effects of atmospheric N deposition on PhytOC sequestration of dominant shrub, herb and soil in subtropical forest.

Important findings Our results showed that UN50 significantly increased PhytOC concentration in both plant leaves and litter. Exogenous N input can stimulate plant Si uptake, and thus promotes the phytolith C sequestration. However, only CN50 significantly increased PhytOC concentration in the soil, while as UN50 had a minor effect. This would be attributed to the inhibition of litter decomposition caused by UN50, thereby impeding phytolith release. Structural equation model showed that increased phosphorus (P) limitation, soil acidification, and alterations in litter decomposition rates caused by N addition affected PhytOC accumulation in leaves and soil. In summary, our results suggest that N deposition can promote the potential for PhytOC sequestration of understory plants and soil in subtropical forests.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, phytolith-occluded carbon, carbon storage, subtropical forest, understory plants

陆啸飞, 覃张芬, 王斌, 旷远文. 氮添加对南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物-土壤植硅体碳的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(10): 1302-1311. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0184

LU Xiao-Fei, QIN Zhang-Fen, WANG Bin, KUANG Yuan-Wen. Effects of nitrogen addition on phytolith-occluded carbon of understory plant-soil system in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(10): 1302-1311. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0184

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0184

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I10/1302

图/表 7

图1 不同氮添加处理对南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物叶片植硅体碳含量的影响(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。M, 氮添加方式; R, 氮添加水平。CK, 对照; CN, 林冠氮添加; UN, 林下氮添加; 25与50表示氮添加水平为25、50 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 1 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on the contents of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) in the leaves of understory species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). M, mode of N addition; R, level of N addition. CK, control; CN, canopy N addition; UN, understory N addition; 25 and 50 represent the N addition amount of 25 and 50 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

表1 不同施氮处理对南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物叶片化学元素含量的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Effects of different nitrogen (N) addition on the leaves of understory plants in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China (mean ± SD)

处理 Treatment	碳含量 Carbon (C) content (mg·g^-1)	氮含量 Nitrogen (N) content (mg·g^-1)	磷含量 Phosphorus (P) content (mg·g^-1)	碳氮比 C:N	氮磷比 N:P
CK	447.08 ± 20.95^a	19.96 ± 0.50^b	1.04 ± 0.04^a	22.76 ± 0.65^a	19.72 ± 0.91^b
CN25	448.93 ± 20.92^a	22.95 ± 1.27^a	1.02 ± 0.03^a	20.48 ± 1.02^b	22.98 ± 1.49^a
CN50	446.13 ± 30.45^a	21.31 ± 0.49^a	0.95 ± 0.04^a	21.20 ± 0.54^b	23.30 ± 1.23^a
UN25	449.41 ± 30.53^a	20.71 ± 0.74^b	1.01 ± 0.04^a	22.19 ± 0.88^a	20.98 ± 1.09^ab
UN50	450.02 ± 40.67^a	21.07 ± 0.52^ab	0.99 ± 0.04^a	21.64 ± 0.56^ab	21.87 ± 0.82^ab

图2 不同氮添加处理对南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物植硅体碳含量的影响(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。M, 氮添加方式; R, 氮添加水平。CK, 对照; CN, 林冠氮添加; UN, 林下氮添加; 25与50表示氮添加水平为25和50 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on the contents of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) in the litter in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). M, mode of N addition; R, level of N addition. CK, control; CN, canopy N addition; UN, understory N addition; 25 and 50 represent the N addition amount as 25 and 50 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

表2 不同施氮处理对凋落叶中化学元素含量的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 2 Effects of different nitrogen (N) addition on the chemical elements content of litter (mean ± SD)

处理 Treatment	碳含量 Carbon (C) content (mg·g^-1)	氮含量 N content (mg·g^-1)	磷含量 Phosphorus (P) content (mg·g^-1)	碳氮比 C:N	氮磷比 N:P
CK	481.5 ± 16.3^a	15.0 ± 0.81^b	0.95 ± 0.05^ab	32.2 ± 1.92^a	15.79 ± 0.61^b
CN25	463.0 ± 10.4^a	16.1 ± 0.42^b	0.99 ± 0.04^ab	28.7 ± 0.93^ab	16.27 ± 0.71^ab
CN50	469.8 ± 13.6^a	17.6 ± 1.01^a	1.07 ± 0.03^a	26.9 ± 2.21^b	16.44 ± 0.43^ab
UN25	466.9 ± 17.3^a	15.6 ± 0.63^b	1.01 ± 0.05^ab	30.6 ± 1.41^a	15.44 ± 0.49^b
UN50	480.0 ± 11.2^a	15.7 ± 1.02^b	0.94 ± 0.06^b	29.7 ± 2.54^a	16.70 ± 0.50^a

图3 不同氮添加处理对南亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤植硅体碳含量的影响(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。M, 氮添加方式; R, 氮添加水平。CK, 对照; CN, 林冠氮添加; UN, 林下氮添加; 25与50表示氮添加水平为25、50 kg·hm-2·a-1。

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on the contents of phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) in the soil in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). M, mode of N addition; R, level of N addition. CK, control; CN, canopy N addition; UN, understory N addition; 25 and 50 represent N addition amount as 25 and 50 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively.

表3 不同施氮处理对土壤基本理化性质的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 3 Effects of different nitrogen (N) addition on the soil properties (mean ± SD)

处理 Treatment	有机碳含量 SOC content (mg·g^-1)	植硅体碳/总有机碳 PhytOC/SOC (mg·g^-1)	总氮含量 N content (mg·g^-1)	可利用性氮含量 AN content (mg·kg^-1)	pH
CK	41.52 ± 1.13^ab	2.11 ± 0.21^b	2.65 ± 0.21^a	12.69 ± 0.81^b	3.81 ± 0.06^a
CN25	38.03 ± 3.14^b	2.20 ± 0.18^ab	2.44 ± 0.35^a	14.01 ± 1.65^ab	3.76 ± 0.07^ab
CN50	39.24 ± 0.88^b	2.84 ± 0.34^a	2.80 ± 0.32^a	15.59 ± 2.27^ab	3.64 ± 0.04^ab
UN25	43.31 ± 2.01^ab	1.92 ± 0.32^b	2.67 ± 0.30^a	16.04 ± 2.87^ab	3.56 ± 0.04^b
UN50	44.13 ± 1.52^a	2.51 ± 0.27^a	2.91 ± 0.28^a	17.19 ± 2.40^a	3.54 ± 0.05^b

图4 氮添加对植物(A、B)和土壤植硅体(C、D)碳含量影响的结构方程模型。CFI, 比较拟合指数; df, 自由度; RMSEA, 近似均方根误差。蓝色和红色箭头分别表示显著正相关和负相关(p < 0.05)。与箭头相邻的数字是标准化路径系数。箭头粗细与参数大小成正比。

Fig. 4 Structural equation model (SEM) for biological silicon feedback to nitrogen addition (N) and standardized total effects on foliar (A, B) and soil phytolith-occluded carbon (C, D) contents. Goodness-of-fit statistics for SEM are shown below (CFI, comparative fit index; df, degrees of freedom; RMSEA, root mean squared error of approximation). Blue and red arrows indicate significantly positive and negative relationships (p < 0.05), respectively. The numbers adjacent to arrows are standardized path coefficients. Arrow thickness is proportional to parameter size. P, phosphorus; PhytOC, phytolith-occluded carbon.

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氮添加对南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下植物-土壤植硅体碳的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition on phytolith-occluded carbon of understory plant-soil system in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest in south China

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