入侵植物对土壤特性影响的研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0402

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

入侵植物是指出现在其过去和现在的自然分布范围以外的、在本地的自然或半自然生态系统中定居、繁殖、扩散, 并对本地生态系统、景观效果和社会经济造成明显损害或不利影响的外来植物。外来入侵植物物种通过不同的机制改变生态系统服务, 已经成为对全球环境健康与生态安全可持续性的日益严重的威胁。土壤给植物提供生存基本空间, 研究入侵植物对土壤的影响对理解入侵植物的定居、繁殖及扩散方式至关重要。通过查阅文献, 该文综合分析了近年来入侵植物对土壤理化性质、酶活性、土壤微生物等土壤特性影响的研究成果, 探讨了入侵植物与土壤的相互作用关系, 总结归纳了植物入侵后土壤特性的变化特点, 阐述了入侵植物对土壤特性影响机制, 并对本领域的研究方向进行了展望, 旨在挖掘入侵植物对土壤的多方面影响, 揭示其入侵机理, 为入侵植物的有效防治提供一定的科学依据。

关键词: 入侵植物, 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性, 土壤养分, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

Invasive plants are foreign species that establish, reproduce, and spread outside their historical and current natural distribution ranges, causing significant adverse effects on local ecosystems, landscapes, and socioeconomic conditions. These invasive plant species alter ecosystem services through various mechanisms, posing an increasingly serious threat to global environmental health and ecological security. Soil provides the fundamental space for plant survival, and therefore understanding the impact of invasive plants on soil is crucial for comprehending their colonization, reproduction, and spread. Based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and international literature, this paper systematically reviews recent research on the effects of invasive plants on soil properties, including physical and chemical characteristics, enzyme activity, and soil microorganisms. This paper explores the interactions between invasive plants and soil, summarizes the changes in soil characteristics following plant invasion, and discusses how invasive plants affect soil properties. Additionally, it provides an outlook on future research directions in this field, aiming to uncover the multifaceted impacts of invasive plants on soil, reveal the mechanisms of invasion, and offer scientific evidence for the effective prevention and control of invasive plants.

Key words: invasive plants, soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrients, soil microorganism

徐源, 谭卓然, 殷缘, 化佳敏, 韩迎新, 蔺吉祥, 王傲, 王竞红. 入侵植物对土壤特性影响的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(11): 1767-1777. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0402

XU Yuan, TAN Zhuo-Ran, YIN Yuan, HUA Jia-Min, HAN Ying-Xin, LIN Ji-Xiang, WANG Ao, WANG Jing-Hong. Research progress on the effects of invasive plants on soil characteristics. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(11): 1767-1777. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0402

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0402

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I11/1767

图/表 2

参考文献 66

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序号 No.	中文名 Chinese name	学名 Scientific name	科名 Family name	原产地 Provenance
1	落葵薯	Anredera cordifolia	落葵科 Basellaceae	南美洲 South America
2	土荆芥	Dysphania ambrosioides	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
3	喜旱莲子草	Alternanthera philoxeroides	苋科 Amaranthaceae	巴西 Brazil
4	反枝苋	Amaranthus retroflexus	苋科 Amaranthaceae	美洲 America
5	刺苋	Amaranthus spinosus	苋科 Amaranthaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
6	光荚含羞草	Mimosa bimucronata	豆科 Leguminosae	热带美洲 Tropical America
7	阔叶丰花草	Spermacoce alata	茜草科 Rubiaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
8	五爪金龙	Ipomoea cairica	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	美洲 America
9	圆叶牵牛	Ipomoea purpurea	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	美洲 America
10	马缨丹	Lantana camara	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
11	紫茎泽兰	Ageratina adenophora	菊科 Compositae	墨西哥 Mexico
12	藿香蓟	Ageratum conyzoides	菊科 Compositae	热带美洲 Tropical America
13	豚草	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
14	三裂叶豚草	Ambrosia trifida	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
15	钻叶紫菀	Aster subulatus	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
16	白花鬼针草	Bidens alba	菊科 Compositae	热带美洲 Tropical America
17	大狼杷草	Bidens frondosa	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
18	鬼针草	Bidens pilosa	菊科 Compositae	美洲 America
19	飞机草	Chromolaena odorata	菊科 Compositae	墨西哥 Mexico
20	一年蓬	Erigeron annuus	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
21	加拿大蓬	Erigeron canadensis	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
22	苏门白酒草	Erigeron sumatrensis	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
23	黄顶菊	Flaveria bidentis	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
24	微甘菊	Mikania micrantha	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
25	银胶菊	Parthenium hysterophorus	菊科 Compositae	热带美洲 Tropical America
26	假臭草	Praxelis clematidea	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
27	加拿大一枝黄花	Solidago canadensis	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
28	肿柄菊	Tithonia diversifolia	菊科 Compositae	墨西哥 Mexico
29	凤眼蓝	Eichhornia crassipes	雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	巴西 Brazil
30	蒺藜草	Cenchrus echinatus	禾本科 Gramineae	热带美洲 Tropical America
31	石茅	Sorghum halepense	禾本科 Gramineae	地中海 Mediterranean region
32	毒麦	Lolium temulentum	禾本科 Gramineae	欧洲 Europe
33	互花米草	Spartina alterniflora	禾本科 Gramineae	北美洲 North America
34	大漂	Pistia stratiotes	天南星科 Araceae	巴西 Brazil

序号 No.	中文名 Chinese name	学名 Scientific name	科名 Family name	原产地 Provenance
1	落葵薯	Anredera cordifolia	落葵科 Basellaceae	南美洲 South America
2	土荆芥	Dysphania ambrosioides	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
3	喜旱莲子草	Alternanthera philoxeroides	苋科 Amaranthaceae	巴西 Brazil
4	反枝苋	Amaranthus retroflexus	苋科 Amaranthaceae	美洲 America
5	刺苋	Amaranthus spinosus	苋科 Amaranthaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
6	光荚含羞草	Mimosa bimucronata	豆科 Leguminosae	热带美洲 Tropical America
7	阔叶丰花草	Spermacoce alata	茜草科 Rubiaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
8	五爪金龙	Ipomoea cairica	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	美洲 America
9	圆叶牵牛	Ipomoea purpurea	旋花科 Convolvulaceae	美洲 America
10	马缨丹	Lantana camara	马鞭草科 Verbenaceae	热带美洲 Tropical America
11	紫茎泽兰	Ageratina adenophora	菊科 Compositae	墨西哥 Mexico
12	藿香蓟	Ageratum conyzoides	菊科 Compositae	热带美洲 Tropical America
13	豚草	Ambrosia artemisiifolia	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
14	三裂叶豚草	Ambrosia trifida	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
15	钻叶紫菀	Aster subulatus	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
16	白花鬼针草	Bidens alba	菊科 Compositae	热带美洲 Tropical America
17	大狼杷草	Bidens frondosa	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
18	鬼针草	Bidens pilosa	菊科 Compositae	美洲 America
19	飞机草	Chromolaena odorata	菊科 Compositae	墨西哥 Mexico
20	一年蓬	Erigeron annuus	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
21	加拿大蓬	Erigeron canadensis	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
22	苏门白酒草	Erigeron sumatrensis	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
23	黄顶菊	Flaveria bidentis	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
24	微甘菊	Mikania micrantha	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
25	银胶菊	Parthenium hysterophorus	菊科 Compositae	热带美洲 Tropical America
26	假臭草	Praxelis clematidea	菊科 Compositae	南美洲 South America
27	加拿大一枝黄花	Solidago canadensis	菊科 Compositae	北美洲 North America
28	肿柄菊	Tithonia diversifolia	菊科 Compositae	墨西哥 Mexico
29	凤眼蓝	Eichhornia crassipes	雨久花科 Pontederiaceae	巴西 Brazil
30	蒺藜草	Cenchrus echinatus	禾本科 Gramineae	热带美洲 Tropical America
31	石茅	Sorghum halepense	禾本科 Gramineae	地中海 Mediterranean region
32	毒麦	Lolium temulentum	禾本科 Gramineae	欧洲 Europe
33	互花米草	Spartina alterniflora	禾本科 Gramineae	北美洲 North America
34	大漂	Pistia stratiotes	天南星科 Araceae	巴西 Brazil