中亚热带常绿阔叶林典型乔木树种对蚂蚁群落季节性动态的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0421

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蚂蚁在亚热带森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动中发挥重要作用, 但不同树种可能通过改变林下微气候、地表环境和凋落物等的季节性差异调控蚂蚁群落结构。该研究于2023年7月至2024年3月在福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站同质园平台, 采用陷阱法原位调查6个代表性树种对蚂蚁群落结构组成、分类学类群和功能群差异及其调控因子的季节性影响动态。实验期间共捕获蚂蚁30 389头, 隶属于19属30种, 呈现出夏秋多样性高、冬春多样性低的趋势, 优势种为宽结大头蚁(Pheidole nodus)和黑褐举腹蚁(Crematogaster rogenhoferi)。树种显著影响了蚂蚁的多度, 影响程度表现为: 枫香树(Liquidambar formosana) >米槠(Castanopsis carlesii) >无患子(Sapindus saponaria) >杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata) >醉香含笑(Michelia macclurei) >马尾松(Pinus massoniana)。不同季节及其与树种的交互作用也显著影响蚂蚁功能群结构, 夏季杉木林下广义切叶蚁亚科的多度显著高于其他树种, 春季米槠林下气候特化种的多度相对较高, 马尾松林下相对较低。典范对应分析显示, 土壤温度、土壤有机质含量、地上生物量和凋落物生物量可解释50%以上的蚂蚁群落结构变异。这些结果为深入认识中亚热带森林树种与蚂蚁等相似土壤动物类群的结构和功能提供了基础数据。

关键词: 森林, 生物多样性, 蚂蚁, 功能类群, 林下环境, 亚热带森林

Abstract:

Aims Ants play an important role in material cycling and energy flow in subtropical forest ecosystems. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding how different canopy tree species regulate ant community structure by altering the seasonal patterns of understory microclimate, soil surface conditions, and litter properties.

Methods From July 2023 to March 2024, we conducted an in situ pitfall trap survey in a common garden at the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station. We examined the seasonal dynamics of ant community structure, taxonomic and functional groups, and diversity under six representative canopy tree species in a mid-subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest.

Important findings A total of 30 389 ants were collected, belonging to 19 genera and 30 species. The dominant species were Pheidole nodus and Crematogaster rogenhoferi. Ant diversity was higher in summer and autumn and lower in winter and spring. Tree species significantly influenced ant abundance, with the following order: Liquidambar formosana> Castanopsis carlesii> Sapindus saponaria > Cunninghamia lanceolata > Michelia macclurei > Pinus massoniana. Sampling season and its interaction with tree species also significantly affected the structure of ant functional groups. For example, the abundance of generalized Myrmicinae was significantly higher under Cunninghamia lanceolata in summer, while climate specialists were relatively more abundant under Castanopsis carlesii in spring and less abundant under Pinus massoniana. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that soil temperature, soil organic matter content, aboveground biomass, and litter production together explained over 50% of the variation in ant community structure. These findings provide foundational data for understanding the structural and functional relationships between tree species and ants, and potentially other similar soil fauna, in central subtropical forest ecosystems.

Key words: forest, biodiversity, ant, functional groups, understorey environment, subtropical forest

邱丹妮, 彭清清, 张慧玲, 温辉辉, 吴福忠. 中亚热带常绿阔叶林典型乔木树种对蚂蚁群落季节性动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(11): 1805-1816. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0421

QIU Dan-Ni, PENG Qing-Qing, ZHANG Hui-Ling, WEN Hui-Hui, WU Fu-Zhong. Seasonal effects of typical canopy tree species on ant community dynamics in mid-subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(11): 1805-1816. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0421

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0421

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I11/1805

图/表 11

参考文献 36

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基本特征 Stand characteristics		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
林下植被覆盖度 Understory vegetation coverage (%)		60	67	83	11	70	93
平均树高 Average tree height (m)		7.20	6.29	16.81	6.13	8.69	7.09
平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height (cm)		11.82	9.71	11.33	8.40	9.44	8.33
凋落物元素含量 Litter element content (g·kg^-1)	碳 Carbon	459.48	480.10	463.59	467.77	452.89	452.10
	氮 Nitrogen	12.23	10.80	9.38	10.90	9.62	12.77
	磷 Phosphorus	0.59	0.69	0.67	0.97	0.90	0.99
土壤元素含量 Soil element content¹⁾	碳 Carbon (%)	2.14	1.45	1.50	1.30	1.51	1.54
	氮 Nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	1.59	1.22	1.19	1.21	1.22	1.43
	磷 Phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.26

基本特征 Stand characteristics		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
林下植被覆盖度 Understory vegetation coverage (%)		60	67	83	11	70	93
平均树高 Average tree height (m)		7.20	6.29	16.81	6.13	8.69	7.09
平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height (cm)		11.82	9.71	11.33	8.40	9.44	8.33
凋落物元素含量 Litter element content (g·kg^-1)	碳 Carbon	459.48	480.10	463.59	467.77	452.89	452.10
	氮 Nitrogen	12.23	10.80	9.38	10.90	9.62	12.77
	磷 Phosphorus	0.59	0.69	0.67	0.97	0.90	0.99
土壤元素含量 Soil element content¹⁾	碳 Carbon (%)	2.14	1.45	1.50	1.30	1.51	1.54
	氮 Nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	1.59	1.22	1.19	1.21	1.22	1.43
	磷 Phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.26

土壤pH和温度 Soil pH and temperature		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
土壤pH Soil pH	夏 Summer	5.27 ± 0.06^a	5.13 ± 0.11^ab	4.93 ± 0.10^b	4.99 ± 0.13^ab	5.08 ± 0.09^ab	5.13 ± 0.11^ab
	秋 Autumn	5.76 ± 0.20^a	5.46 ± 0.26^a	5.24 ± 0.13^a	5.30 ± 0.12^a	5.26 ± 0.12^a	5.53 ± 0.16^a
	冬 Winter	6.33 ± 0.12^a	5.61 ± 0.17^b	5.53 ± 0.14^b	5.91 ± 0.11^c	0.51 ± 0.03^bc	0.45 ± 0.10^b
	春 Spring	5.25 ± 0.08^a	4.96 ± 0.07^b	5.00 ± 0.11^b	4.91 ± 0.08^b	4.88 ± 0.12^b	5.03 ± 0.12^b
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	夏 Summer	27.40 ± 0.18^ab	27.43 ± 0.12^ab	27.87 ± 0.22^b	27.67 ± 0.22^ab	27.73 ± 0.12^b	27.07 ± 0.15^a
	秋 Autumn	28.03 ± 0.32^a	25.30 ± 0.43^bc	24.60 ± 0.29^c	25.43 ± 0.21^bc	26.67 ± 0.19^ab	26.33 ± 0.22^abc
	冬 Winter	13.93 ± 0.19^b	16.90 ± 0.20^a	14.83 ± 0.46^ab	15.47 ± 0.37^ab	14.43 ± 0.19^b	14.23 ± 0.34^b
	春 Spring	19.53 ± 0.16^a	20.13 ± 0.31^a	17.73 ± 0.27^a	19.40 ± 0.31^a	19.47 ± 0.24^a	19.60 ± 0.13^a

土壤pH和温度 Soil pH and temperature		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
土壤pH Soil pH	夏 Summer	5.27 ± 0.06^a	5.13 ± 0.11^ab	4.93 ± 0.10^b	4.99 ± 0.13^ab	5.08 ± 0.09^ab	5.13 ± 0.11^ab
	秋 Autumn	5.76 ± 0.20^a	5.46 ± 0.26^a	5.24 ± 0.13^a	5.30 ± 0.12^a	5.26 ± 0.12^a	5.53 ± 0.16^a
	冬 Winter	6.33 ± 0.12^a	5.61 ± 0.17^b	5.53 ± 0.14^b	5.91 ± 0.11^c	0.51 ± 0.03^bc	0.45 ± 0.10^b
	春 Spring	5.25 ± 0.08^a	4.96 ± 0.07^b	5.00 ± 0.11^b	4.91 ± 0.08^b	4.88 ± 0.12^b	5.03 ± 0.12^b
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	夏 Summer	27.40 ± 0.18^ab	27.43 ± 0.12^ab	27.87 ± 0.22^b	27.67 ± 0.22^ab	27.73 ± 0.12^b	27.07 ± 0.15^a
	秋 Autumn	28.03 ± 0.32^a	25.30 ± 0.43^bc	24.60 ± 0.29^c	25.43 ± 0.21^bc	26.67 ± 0.19^ab	26.33 ± 0.22^abc
	冬 Winter	13.93 ± 0.19^b	16.90 ± 0.20^a	14.83 ± 0.46^ab	15.47 ± 0.37^ab	14.43 ± 0.19^b	14.23 ± 0.34^b
	春 Spring	19.53 ± 0.16^a	20.13 ± 0.31^a	17.73 ± 0.27^a	19.40 ± 0.31^a	19.47 ± 0.24^a	19.60 ± 0.13^a

分层 Layer	多样性指数 Diversity indices	季节 Season	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
树冠层 Canopy	A	夏 Summer	0.40 ± 0.15^a	0.73 ± 0.18^a	0.31 ± 0.17^a	0.37 ± 0.17^a	0.60 ± 0.15^a	0.22 ± 0.16^a
		秋 Autumn	0.63 ± 0.09^a	0.45 ± 0.19^a	0.42 ± 0.17^a	0.15 ± 0.15^a	0.77 ± 0.22^a	0.60 ± 0.23^a
		冬 Winter	0.51 ± 0.22^a	0.21 ± 0.18^a	0.23 ± 0.19^a	0.23 ± 0.19^a	0.22 ± 0.14^a	0.27 ± 0.21^a
		春 Spring	0.06 ± 0.07^b	0.19 ± 0.17^ab	0.56 ± 0.13^a	0.20 ± 0.18^ab	0.16 ± 0.12^ab	0.45 ± 0.19^ab
	B	夏 Summer	0.37 ± 0.14^a	0.67 ± 0.18^a	0.41 ± 0.21^a	0.41 ± 0.20^a	0.46 ± 0.14^a	0.16 ± 0.13^a
		秋 Autumn	0.55 ± 0.13^a	0.48 ± 0.21^a	0.44 ± 0.20^a	0.14 ± 0.15^a	0.55 ± 0.19^a	0.39 ± 0.18^a
		冬 Winter	0.34 ± 0.18^a	0.31 ± 0.22^a	0.33 ± 0.23^a	0.33 ± 0.23^a	0.28 ± 0.16^a	0.25 ± 0.20^a
		春 Spring	0.09 ± 0.08^b	0.18 ± 0.17^ab	0.74 ± 0.18^a	0.18 ± 0.17^ab	0.18 ± 0.12^ab	0.64 ± 0.23^ab
	C	夏 Summer	0.78 ± 0.12^a	0.56 ± 0.15^a	0.80 ± 0.15^a	0.77 ± 0.14^a	0.62 ± 0.14^a	0.90 ± 0.11^a
		秋 Autumn	0.64 ± 0.04^a	0.73 ± 0.15^a	0.76 ± 0.14^a	0.59 ± 0.22^a	0.56 ± 0.17^a	0.71 ± 0.17^a
		冬 Winter	0.75 ± 0.16^ab	0.52 ± 0.21^ab	0.17 ± 0.16^b	0.50 ± 0.21^ab	0.88 ± 0.11^a	0.51 ± 0.21^ab
		春 Spring	0.64 ± 0.22^a	0.56 ± 0.22^a	0.64 ± 0.13^a	0.90 ± 0.13^a	0.93 ± 0.08^a	0.68 ± 0.16^a
	D	夏 Summer	0.40 ± 0.04^a	0.40 ± 0.07^a	0.27 ± 0.13^a	0.26 ± 0.16^a	0.54 ± 0.12^a	0.36 ± 0.18^a
		秋 Autumn	0.63 ± 0.17^abc	0.33 ± 0.19^bc	0.77 ± 0.18^ab	0.12 ± 0.14^c	0.62 ± 0.10^abc	0.96 ± 0.21^a
		冬 Winter	0.70 ± 0.24^a	0.30 ± 0.22^a	0.48 ± 0.27^a	0.48 ± 0.27^a	0.36 ± 0.17^a	0.18 ± 0.17^a
		春 Spring	0.15 ± 0.11^a	0.12 ± 0.14^a	0.43 ± 0.11^a	0.18 ± 0.17^a	0.25 ± 0.16^a	0.56 ± 0.26^a
地表层 Ground	A	夏 Summer	0.83 ± 0.18^a	0.89 ± 0.17^a	0.35 ± 0.07^b	0.94 ± 0.15^a	0.88 ± 0.16^a	0.67 ± 0.09^ab
		秋 Autumn	0.78 ± 0.10^ab	0.74 ± 0.21^ab	0.56 ± 0.17^b	0.60 ± 0.10^b	0.83 ± 0.12^ab	1.09 ± 0.13^a
		冬 Winter	0.35 ± 0.17^a	0.49 ± 0.26^a	0.85 ± 0.15^a	0.96 ± 0.20^a	0.71 ± 0.19^a	0.43 ± 0.22^a
		春 Spring	0.22 ± 0.13^a	0.82 ± 0.26^a	0.63 ± 0.20^a	0.71 ± 0.17^a	0.92 ± 0.18^a	0.91 ± 0.19^a
	B	夏 Summer	0.43 ± 0.13^ab	0.48 ± 0.13^ab	0.22 ± 0.08^b	0.60 ± 0.15^a	0.43 ± 0.11^ab	0.39 ± 0.07^ab
		秋 Autumn	0.48 ± 0.94^a	0.56 ± 0.19^a	0.36 ± 0.10^a	0.34 ± 0.09^a	0.41 ± 0.07^a	0.55 ± 0.11^a
		冬 Winter	0.20 ± 0.13^a	0.28 ± 0.19^a	0.68 ± 0.15^a	0.60 ± 0.17^a	0.40 ± 0.12^a	0.29 ± 0.17^a
		春 Spring	0.17 ± 0.12^a	0.52 ± 0.20^a	0.48 ± 0.19^a	0.42 ± 0.11^a	0.51 ± 0.11^a	0.54 ± 0.11^a
	C	夏 Summer	0.62 ± 0.13^ab	0.54 ± 0.12^b	0.84 ± 0.07^a	0.49 ± 0.14^b	0.57 ± 0.12^b	0.68 ± 0.05^ab
		秋 Autumn	0.59 ± 0.10^a	0.61 ± 0.16^a	0.74 ± 0.11^a	0.74 ± 0.08^a	0.54 ± 0.10^a	0.47 ± 0.09^a
		冬 Winter	0.84 ± 0.10^a	0.77 ± 0.18^a	0.53 ± 0.12^a	0.51 ± 0.16^a	0.66 ± 0.14^a	0.44 ± 0.20^a
		春 Spring	0.56 ± 0.21^a	0.57 ± 0.18^a	0.64 ± 0.16^a	0.62 ± 0.13^a	0.51 ± 0.12^a	0.49 ± 0.12^a
	D	夏 Summer	0.93 ± 0.06^ab	1.09 ± 0.06^a	0.68 ± 0.14^b	0.75 ± 0.11^b	1.17 ± 0.13^a	0.74 ± 0.14^b
		秋 Autumn	0.93 ± 0.07^ab	1.04 ± 0.18^ab	0.76 ± 0.16^b	1.03 ± 0.09^ab	1.07 ± 0.16^ab	1.23 ± 0.13^a
		冬 Winter	0.66 ± 0.24^a	0.75 ± 0.28^a	0.73 ± 0.09^a	1.02 ± 0.16^a	0.89 ± 0.16^a	0.44 ± 0.19^a
		春 Spring	0.31 ± 0.16^a	0.62 ± 0.23^a	0.84 ± 0.13^a	0.81 ± 0.14^a	0.84 ± 0.17^a	0.79 ± 0.19^a