高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸主要植物生态位及种间联结的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0447

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)干扰对高寒草甸主要植物生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、生态响应速率和种间联结性的影响, 可以为高寒草甸生态系统的保护与管理提供科学依据。该研究于2020年7-8月, 在西藏中南部的6个典型高寒草甸区域设置干扰和未干扰样地, 采用野外调查和样方采样的方法, 记录植物物种组成、个体数量和分布。利用Levins公式计算物种生态位宽度, 采用Pianka指数计算生态位重叠值, 利用生态响应速率评估物种资源竞争动态, 使用方差比率法和2 × 2列联表卡方检验分析种间联结性。结果表明, 高原鼠兔干扰显著影响了主要植物的生态位特征和种间联结性。在干扰条件下, 广生态位物种(如高山嵩草(Carex parvula)、矮生嵩草(Carex alatauensis)、钉柱委陵菜(Potentilla saundersiana))维持较大的生态位宽度, 窄生态位物种(如厚叶兔耳草(Lagotis crassifolia)、米林蔓黄耆(Phyllolobium milingense))的生态位宽度明显降低。生态位重叠值在干扰条件下总体降低, 物种间竞争压力减小。生态响应速率显示, 干扰条件下物种总体呈负反馈机制, 有助于维持群落稳定; 未干扰条件下呈正反馈, 可能导致部分物种过度扩张。种间联结性分析表明, 干扰条件下正联结性增加, 负联结性减少, 促进了物种间的协同作用和共存。高原鼠兔干扰能够通过影响植物的生态位特征和种间联结性, 改变高寒草甸植物群落的结构和功能, 从而促进物种间的资源分化和生态位分化, 减少群落内的竞争强度。因此, 适度的高原鼠兔干扰可能有利于提高群落的稳定性和物种多样性。建议在高寒草甸生态系统的保护与管理中, 综合考虑高原鼠兔的生态角色, 制定合理的管理策略。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 高寒草甸, 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠值, 种间联结性

Abstract:

Aims To investigate the effects of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) disturbance on niche breadth, niche overlap, ecological response rate, and interspecific associations of dominant plant species in alpine meadows can provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of alpine meadow ecosystems.

Methods From July to August 2020, disturbed and undisturbed plots were established across six typical alpine meadow regions located in the south-central part of Xizang, China. Plant species composition, individual abundance, and distribution were recorded through field surveys and quadrat sampling methods. Levins’ formula was applied to calculate species niche breadth. Pianka’s index was used to determine niche overlap, while ecological response rates were computed to assess resource competition dynamics among species. Additionally, the variance ratio method combined with 2 × 2 contingency table chi-square tests was employed to analyze interspecific associations.

Important findings The disturbance caused by plateau pikas significantly influenced the niche characteristics and interspecific associations of dominant plant species. Under disturbance conditions, broad-niche species (e.g., Carex parvula, Carex alatauensis, and Potentilla saundersiana) maintained larger niche breadths, while narrow-niche species (e.g., Lagotis crassifolia and Phyllolobium milingense) exhibited significantly reduced niche breadths. Overall niche overlap values decreased under disturbance, indicating reduced competitive pressures among species. Analysis of ecological response rates revealed that species generally exhibited negative feedback mechanisms under disturbance conditions, which contributed to community stability. In contrast, positive feedback mechanisms dominated in undisturbed conditions, potentially leading to excessive expansion of certain species. Interspecific association analysis demonstrated that positive associations increased and negative associations decreased under disturbance conditions, facilitating synergistic interactions and coexistence among species. Plateau pika disturbance can alter the structure and function of alpine meadow plant communities by influencing plant niche characteristics and interspecific associations, thereby promoting resource differentiation and niche differentiation among species while reducing competition intensity within the community. Therefore, moderate plateau pika disturbance may be beneficial for enhancing community stability and species diversity. In the conservation and management of alpine meadow ecosystems, it is recommended to comprehensively consider the ecological role of plateau pikas and formulate rational management strategies accordingly.

Key words: plateau pika, alpine meadow, niche breadth, niche overlap, interspecific association

刘洋, 刘傲, 宋璇紫, 杨云, 安柏衡, 韩梦姣, 班玛才格尔, 米玛旺堆. 高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸主要植物生态位及种间联结的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2054-2068. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0447

LIU Yang, LIU Ao, SONG Xuan-Zi, YANG Yun, AN Bai-Heng, HAN Meng-Jiao, Banma-Caigeer , Migmar-Wangdwei. Effects of plateau pika disturbance on the niche and interspecific associations of major plant species in alpine rangelands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2054-2068. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0447

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0447

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2054

图/表 9

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编号 No.	物种 Species	干扰 Disturbed		未干扰 Undisturbed
编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width
S01	木根香青 Anaphalis xylorhiza	3.92	0.37	2.42	0.30
S02	矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	8.48	0.78	10.04	0.91
S03	高山嵩草 Carex parvula	10.65	0.94	13.36	1.00
S04	蓝钟花 Cyananthus hookeri	2.54	0.25	2.42	0.30
S05	厚叶兔耳草 Lagotis crassifolia	2.06	0.18	2.42	0.19
S06	肉果草 Lancea tibetica	7.70	0.73	7.07	0.63
S07	弱小火绒草 Leontopodium pusillum	6.39	0.65	7.25	0.64
S08	独一味 Phlomoides rotata	4.27	0.39	9.47	0.72
S09	米林蔓黄耆 Phyllolobium milingense	4.60	0.46	5.38	0.43
S10	钉柱委陵菜 Potentilla saundersiana	8.22	0.74	12.07	0.98

编号 No.	物种 Species	干扰 Disturbed		未干扰 Undisturbed
编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width
S01	木根香青 Anaphalis xylorhiza	3.92	0.37	2.42	0.30
S02	矮生嵩草 Carex alatauensis	8.48	0.78	10.04	0.91
S03	高山嵩草 Carex parvula	10.65	0.94	13.36	1.00
S04	蓝钟花 Cyananthus hookeri	2.54	0.25	2.42	0.30
S05	厚叶兔耳草 Lagotis crassifolia	2.06	0.18	2.42	0.19
S06	肉果草 Lancea tibetica	7.70	0.73	7.07	0.63
S07	弱小火绒草 Leontopodium pusillum	6.39	0.65	7.25	0.64
S08	独一味 Phlomoides rotata	4.27	0.39	9.47	0.72
S09	米林蔓黄耆 Phyllolobium milingense	4.60	0.46	5.38	0.43
S10	钉柱委陵菜 Potentilla saundersiana	8.22	0.74	12.07	0.98

物种编号 Species No.	S01	S02	S03	S04	S05	S06	S07	S08	S09	S10
S01	1.000
S02	0.547	1.000
S03	0.577	0.913	1.000
S04	0.254	0.451	0.524	1.000
S05	0.146	0.361	0.435	0.074	1.000
S06	0.628	0.861	0.853	0.422	0.374	1.000
S07	0.586	0.748	0.769	0.225	0.451	0.660	1.000
S08	0.517	0.634	0.668	0.103	0.376	0.749	0.613	1.000
S09	0.365	0.585	0.625	0.290	0.090	0.430	0.667	0.313	1.000
S10	0.561	0.816	0.901	0.327	0.290	0.803	0.767	0.725	0.683	1.000

物种编号 Species No.	S01	S02	S03	S04	S05	S06	S07	S08	S09	S10
S01	1.000
S02	0.547	1.000
S03	0.577	0.913	1.000
S04	0.254	0.451	0.524	1.000
S05	0.146	0.361	0.435	0.074	1.000
S06	0.628	0.861	0.853	0.422	0.374	1.000
S07	0.586	0.748	0.769	0.225	0.451	0.660	1.000
S08	0.517	0.634	0.668	0.103	0.376	0.749	0.613	1.000
S09	0.365	0.585	0.625	0.290	0.090	0.430	0.667	0.313	1.000
S10	0.561	0.816	0.901	0.327	0.290	0.803	0.767	0.725	0.683	1.000

物种编号 Species No.	S01	S02	S03	S04	S05	S06	S07	S08	S09	S10
S01	1.000
S02	0.433	1.000
S03	0.544	0.954	1.000
S04	0.333	0.519	0.544	1.000
S05	0.152	0.512	0.433	0.910	1.000
S06	0.457	0.712	0.793	0.572	0.468	1.000
S07	0.600	0.751	0.802	0.273	0.099	0.767	1.000
S08	0.626	0.767	0.851	0.626	0.490	0.882	0.830	1.000
S09	0.236	0.551	0.654	0.236	0.000	0.210	0.401	0.305	1.000
S10	0.446	0.952	0.989	0.574	0.479	0.765	0.730	0.811	0.685	1.000