超强台风“摩羯”登陆点海南东寨港红树林受损状况研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0354

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 540-551.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0354 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0354

超强台风“摩羯”登陆点海南东寨港红树林受损状况研究

乔沛阳¹^,^*, 顾肖璇¹^,²^,^*, 刘昌鑫¹, 曹泽宇¹, 张婷婷¹, 林晨¹, 陈钦常¹, 彭修凡¹, 陈菲菲¹, 李华亮³, 陈伟³, 陈鹭真¹^,^**()()

¹厦门大学近海海洋环境国家重点实验室, 滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室, 环境与生态学院, 福建厦门 361102
²厦门大学海洋与地球学院, 福建厦门 361102
³海南东寨港国家级自然保护区管理局, 海口 571129

收稿日期:2024-10-10 接受日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-18
通讯作者: ** (luzhenchen@xmu.edu.cn)
作者简介:^*同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42076176);国家自然科学基金(U22A20584);国家博士后研究人员计划(GZB20230376)

Damage to the mangrove forests in Dongzhaigang of Hainan caused by super typhoon “Yagi”

QIAO Pei-Yang¹^,^*, GU Xiao-Xuan¹^,²^,^*, LIU Chang-Xin¹, CAO Ze-Yu¹, ZHANG Ting-Ting¹, LIN Chen¹, CHEN Qin-Chang¹, PENG Xiu-Fan¹, CHEN Fei-Fei¹, LI Hua-Liang³, CHEN Wei³, CHEN Lu-Zhen¹^,^**()()

¹State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
²College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
³Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve Authority, Haikou 571129, China

Received:2024-10-10 Accepted:2025-01-14 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-18
Contact: ** (luzhenchen@xmu.edu.cn)
About author:^*Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076176);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20584);Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230376)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2024年9月6日, 超强台风“摩羯”正面登陆海南文昌、海口, 对登陆区域的海南东寨港红树林造成严重破坏。该研究在台风袭击后一周后, 对海南东寨港红树林自然保护区内的4个代表性地点的9个红树植物群落进行受损程度调查。结果表明: 1)与台风路径相距约4.5 km的演丰红树林和6.5 km的三江红树林受损严重, 其中拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)群落和无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)群落受损极严重; 距台风路径2 km的塔市鸟岛红树林中度受损; 距台风路径0.3 km的博度红树林轻度受损, 结合无人机影像发现在潮沟边缘的群落受损程度大于连片分布区中心。2)在踏查的6个物种中, 海莲(Burguiera sexangula)、秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和角果木(Ceriops tagal)植株的机械性损伤多表现为分枝折断和部分叶片脱落; 外来物种无瓣海桑和拉关木比乡土物种受损程度更高, 表现为冠层叶片几乎全部脱落, 群落中96.62%-99.70%的个体受到不同程度的损伤, 9.64%个体的主干被折断, 甚至整株被连根拔起; 3)除了博度低矮的角果木群落外, 同一群落不同地点距台风路径直线距离越近群落受损程度越高; 树高、胸径、冠幅与受损程度显著正相关, 树木越高大受损程度越高。根据受损程度预测, 未来乡土植物群落将比外来物种群落恢复得更快。台风灾害往往在短时间内对红树植物造成严重损害, 因此在红树林修复工程中要重点考虑其抗风能力, 可采取多物种混合种植, 以提高红树植物群落的稳定性和防风能力。

关键词: 台风, 极端气候, 灾害, 红树植物, 恢复

Abstract:

Aims On September 6, 2024, super typhoon “Yagi” made landfall in Hainan Province, China, causing severe damage to mangrove forests in the region.

Methods A systematic field survey was conducted in the Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve one week after the typhoon, selecting four representative locations, encompassing nine mangrove communities and seven typical mangrove species in total, to assess the extent of damage caused by the typhoon.

Important findings The results revealed that 1) the mangrove forests at Yanfeng, situated 4.5 km from the typhoon’s path, and Sanjiang, situated 6.5 km away, incurred severe damage, with the non-native populations of Laguncularia racemosa and Sonneratia apetala being the most severely affected. In contrast, the mangrove forests at Tashi, 2 km from the path, experienced moderate damage, while those at Bodu, a mere 0.3 km away, sustained only light damage. Field survey, complemented by UAV imagery, found that mangrove communities along tidal creek edges were more severely impacted than those in contiguous areas. 2) Among the six species surveyed, mechanical damage to the native species Bruguiera sexangula, Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Ceriops tagal was primarily characterized by branch breakage and partial defloration. The non-native Sonneratia apetala and Laguncularia racemosa populations suffered greater damage than the native communities, with nearly complete canopy defoliation and 96.62%-99.70% of individuals sustaining damage. Approximately 9.64% of individuals experienced trunk breakage or complete uprooting. 3) With the exception of the short Ceriops tagal community at Bodu, which had a maximum tree height of 2 m, mangrove communities with same species closer to the typhoon’s pathway exhibited more severe damage. Tree height, diameter at breast height, and crown size were significantly and positively correlated with damage severity; the taller the trees, the more severe the impact. Based on these damage assessments, it is anticipated that native communities will recover much more rapidly than non-native populations. The typhoon caused considerable short-term damage to the mangrove forests. Therefore, future mangrove restoration efforts should consider species-specific wind resistance, and mixed-species planting strategies are recommended to enhance the stability and wind resilience of mangrove communities.

Key words: typhoon, extreme climate, catastrophe, mangrove, recovery

乔沛阳, 顾肖璇, 刘昌鑫, 曹泽宇, 张婷婷, 林晨, 陈钦常, 彭修凡, 陈菲菲, 李华亮, 陈伟, 陈鹭真. 超强台风“摩羯”登陆点海南东寨港红树林受损状况研究. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(4): 540-551. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0354

QIAO Pei-Yang, GU Xiao-Xuan, LIU Chang-Xin, CAO Ze-Yu, ZHANG Ting-Ting, LIN Chen, CHEN Qin-Chang, PENG Xiu-Fan, CHEN Fei-Fei, LI Hua-Liang, CHEN Wei, CHEN Lu-Zhen. Damage to the mangrove forests in Dongzhaigang of Hainan caused by super typhoon “Yagi”. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(4): 540-551. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0354

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0354

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/540

图/表 10

参考文献 23

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受损情况/分级 Damage status/tier	分级依据 Grading basis	示例 Example
断树 Break tree	主干断裂 Trunk break
倒树 Fall tree	主干倒伏 Trunk down, uprooted
1级 Tier 1	主干完整、直立; 少量分枝(<10%)保留; 全部叶片脱落 Trunk complete; few branches (<10%) retained; all leaves detached
2级 Tier 2	主干完整、直立; 部分分枝(10%-40%)保留; 全部叶片脱落 Trunk complete; some branches (10%-40%) retained; all leaves detached
3级 Tier 3	主干完整、直立; 多数分枝(40%-70%)保留; 部分叶片保留(10%-40%) Trunk complete; most branches (40%-70%) retained; some leaves retained (10%-40%)
正常 Normal	主干完整、直立; 大量分枝(70%-100%)保留; 多数叶片保留(40%-100%) Trunk complete; large number of branches (70%-100%) retained; most leaves retained (40%-100%)

受损情况/分级 Damage status/tier	分级依据 Grading basis	示例 Example
断树 Break tree	主干断裂 Trunk break
倒树 Fall tree	主干倒伏 Trunk down, uprooted
1级 Tier 1	主干完整、直立; 少量分枝(<10%)保留; 全部叶片脱落 Trunk complete; few branches (<10%) retained; all leaves detached
2级 Tier 2	主干完整、直立; 部分分枝(10%-40%)保留; 全部叶片脱落 Trunk complete; some branches (10%-40%) retained; all leaves detached
3级 Tier 3	主干完整、直立; 多数分枝(40%-70%)保留; 部分叶片保留(10%-40%) Trunk complete; most branches (40%-70%) retained; some leaves retained (10%-40%)
正常 Normal	主干完整、直立; 大量分枝(70%-100%)保留; 多数叶片保留(40%-100%) Trunk complete; large number of branches (70%-100%) retained; most leaves retained (40%-100%)

物种 Species	木材密度 Woody density (g·cm^-3)	来源 Reference
桐花树 Aegiceras corniculatum	0.64	Jiang et al., 2021
海莲 Burguiera sexangula	0.63	Li, 2021
角果木 Ceriops tagal	0.77	Howard et al., 2014; Li, 2021
秋茄 Kandelia obovata	0.52	Li, 2021
拉关木 Laguncularia racemosa	0.60	Howard et al., 2014
红树 Rhizophora apiculata	0.74	Howard et al., 2014; Li, 2021
无瓣海桑 Sonneratia apetala	0.50	Howard et al., 2014

物种 Species	木材密度 Woody density (g·cm^-3)	来源 Reference
桐花树 Aegiceras corniculatum	0.64	Jiang et al., 2021
海莲 Burguiera sexangula	0.63	Li, 2021
角果木 Ceriops tagal	0.77	Howard et al., 2014; Li, 2021
秋茄 Kandelia obovata	0.52	Li, 2021
拉关木 Laguncularia racemosa	0.60	Howard et al., 2014
红树 Rhizophora apiculata	0.74	Howard et al., 2014; Li, 2021
无瓣海桑 Sonneratia apetala	0.50	Howard et al., 2014

调查地点 Investigation site	群落 Community	平均株高 Mean height (m)	叶面积指数 LAI	倒木产量 Dead wood production (kg·m^-2)
博度 Bodu	角果木群落 Ceriops tagal community	0.70	1.77 ± 0.69^a	0.31 ± 0.10^c
演丰 Yanfeng	海莲群落 Burguiera sexangula community	4.62	1.16 ± 0.26^b	1.56 ± 0.30^b
	秋茄群落 Kandelia obovata community	4.32	0.91 ± 0.11^bc	0.34 ± 0.08^c
	红树群落 Rhizophora apiculata community	5.12	1.62 ± 0.25^a	7.20 ± 7.17^a
	拉关木群落 Laguncularia racemosa community	7.97	0.16 ± 0.09^de	0.40 ± 0.39^c
三江 Sanjiang	海莲群落 Burguiera sexangula community	5.83	0.30 ± 0.06^de	0.43 ± 0.35^c
	秋茄群落 Kandelia obovata community	5.81	0.16 ± 0.10^de	2.20 ± 1.23^b
	桐花树群落 Aegiceras corniculatum community	2.30	0.62 ± 0.13^cd	1.82 ± 0.93^b
	无瓣海桑群落 Sonneratia apetala community	10.50	0.08 ± 0.09^e	3.84 ± 1.27^ab

超强台风“摩羯”登陆点海南东寨港红树林受损状况研究

Damage to the mangrove forests in Dongzhaigang of Hainan caused by super typhoon “Yagi”

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变量 Variable		自由度 Degree of freedom	F	p
受损程度 Tier	地点 Site	1	90.22	<0.001
	物种 Species	5	176.18	<0.001
	树高 Height	1	18.51	<0.001
	胸径 DBH	1	27.40	<0.001
	冠幅 Canopy	1	58.73	<0.001

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