不同温度和埋藏深度对高山垫状植物山生福禄草种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0456

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2092-2104.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0456 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0456

不同温度和埋藏深度对高山垫状植物山生福禄草种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响

黄美红¹^,²^,^*, 牛梦秋²^,³^,^*, 杨鹏飞²^,⁴, 林洁²^,⁵, 廖周瑜³, 陈建国²^,^**()(), 向建英¹^,^**()

¹西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
²中国科学院昆明植物研究所, 植物多样性与特色经济作物重点实验室, 昆明 650201
³西南林业大学生态与环境学院(湿地学院), 昆明 650224
⁴云南师范大学生命科学学院, 昆明 650500
⁵中国科学院大学, 北京 101408

收稿日期:2024-12-16 接受日期:2025-05-28 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-25
通讯作者: **陈建国(chenjianguo@mail.kib.ac.cn)，ORCID：0000-0003-3062-9881;
向建英(jyxiang@hotmail.com)
作者简介:*同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32371607);云南省“中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才计划”(202205AC160053);云南省基础研究专项(202301AS070058);云南省创新团队项目(202305AS350004)

Effects of temperature and burial depth on seedling emergence and growth of the alpine cushion plant Arenaria oreophila

HUANG Mei-Hong¹^,²^,^*, NIU Meng-Qiu²^,³^,^*, YANG Peng-Fei²^,⁴, LIN Jie²^,⁵, LIAO Zhou-Yu³, CHEN Jian-Guo²^,^**()(), XIANG Jian-Ying¹^,^**()

¹College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
²Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
³School of Ecology and Environment (School of Wetlands), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
⁴School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
⁵University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China

Received:2024-12-16 Accepted:2025-05-28 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-25
About author:* Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371607);The Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(202205AC160053);The Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project(202301AS070058);The Yunnan Innovation Team Project(202305AS350004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为高山冰缘带生态系统中代表性的生态系统工程师, 垫状植物对冰缘带植物群落结构和多样性维持起着关键性作用, 因此, 垫状植物自身种群的动态变化(如种群退缩)将直接影响到高山冰缘带生态系统功能的长期维持。但是, 目前对于垫状植物种群动态过程中的关键阶段——种子出苗率和幼苗生长——对环境因子响应的认识极不充分。该研究以高山垫状植物山生福禄草(Arenaria oreophila)不同种群来源的种子为材料, 通过室内恒温箱培养的方法探索不同温度和种子埋藏深度对其种子出苗率以及幼苗生长表现的影响。结果表明, 温度高于10 ℃时能够加速山生福禄草种子萌发和出苗速率并提升最终出苗率。与低温条件相比, 高温条件下培养的幼苗更高, 且具有更高的生物量累积效率。但种子埋藏深度会限制其出苗率, 当埋藏深度超过2 cm时, 无论温度条件是否适宜, 种子出苗率均显著降低, 甚至无法出苗。较适宜的1 cm埋藏深度能够促进幼苗的生物量累积。温度低于5 ℃时种子出苗率和幼苗生长均受到严重抑制。具体地, 过高的温度(高于20 ℃)和较深的种子埋藏深度(大于2 cm)均不利于山生福禄草种子出苗和幼苗生长; 适宜的温度(10-15 ℃)和较浅的土壤埋藏深度(小于1 cm)最有利于其种子出苗和幼苗生长。此外, 过高的温度可能使幼苗面临较高的死亡风险。海拔对种子出苗率和死亡率无显著影响, 但可显著影响幼苗生长表现。最后, 研究结果暗示, 来自不同种群的种子在环境适应性方面可能存在种群水平上的差异。该研究认为全球气候变暖背景下, 山生福禄草种群面临诸多不确定性风险: 冰缘带颗粒大而松散的土壤基质条件使种子易陷入较深土壤层, 增加了种子出苗困难; 气温升高虽然可能促进幼苗生长, 但同时又极大地增加了幼苗的死亡风险。种子深埋和气候变暖对山生福禄草未来潜在的种群更新过程均可能产生抑制作用。

关键词: 垫状植物, 山生福禄草, 出苗率, 埋藏深度, 环境因子, 气候变化

Abstract:

Aims As representative ecosystem engineers in alpine subnival ecosystems, cushion plants play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and diversity of plant communities in these regions. Therefore, the dynamic changes (e.g., population decline) in cushion plant populations way directly affect the long-term maintenance of ecosystem functions in alpine subnival zones. However, how the key stages in the dynamics of cushion plant populations—specifically seed emergence and seedling growth—respond to environmental factors is underexplored.

Methods This study investigated the effects of different temperatures and seed burial depths on seed emergence rates and seedling growth of the alpine cushion plant Arenaria oreophila, using seeds collected from multiple natural populations under controlled laboratory incubation.

Important findings The results indicate that higher temperatures (above 10 °C) accelerate seed germination and seedling emergence, thereby increasing over seedling emergence rates. However, seed burial depth limits seedling emergence rates; when burial depth exceeds 2 cm, seedling emergence rates significantly decrease, or seeds even fail to emerge, regardless of temperature conditions. Low temperatures (below 5 °C) severely inhibit seed emergence and seedling growth. Seedlings grown at higher temperatures exhibit significantly greater heights and biomass accumulation efficiency, with higher fresh and dry weights compared to those grown at lower temperatures. An optimal burial depth of 1 cm further supports biomass accumulation. However, excessively high temperatures pose a significant risk of seedling mortality. We suggest that excessively high temperatures (above 20 °C) and deep burial depths (greater than 2 cm) are detrimental to seedling emergence and growth of Arenaria oreophila. Optimal conditions for seedling emergence and growth are moderate temperatures (10-15 °C) and shallower burial depths (less than 1 cm). Altitude does not have a significant effect on seedling emergence and mortality, whereas it significantly influences seedling growth performance. Additionally, there may be population-level differences in environmental adaptability among seeds from different populations. This study further suggests that under global climate warming, the field populations of cushion A. oreophila may face numerous uncertain risks: the large, loose-grained soil substrate of subnival zones makes seeds susceptible to becoming buried too deeply, complicating subsequent seedling emergence, and while increased temperatures (due to climate warming) may promote seedling growth, they also substantially increase seedling mortality risk. Both of these two processes may inhibit the potential regeneration process of the populations of cushion A. oreophila.

Key words: cushion plant, Arenaria oreophila, seedling emergence, burial depth, environmental factor, climate change

黄美红, 牛梦秋, 杨鹏飞, 林洁, 廖周瑜, 陈建国, 向建英. 不同温度和埋藏深度对高山垫状植物山生福禄草种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2092-2104. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0456

HUANG Mei-Hong, NIU Meng-Qiu, YANG Peng-Fei, LIN Jie, LIAO Zhou-Yu, CHEN Jian-Guo, XIANG Jian-Ying. Effects of temperature and burial depth on seedling emergence and growth of the alpine cushion plant Arenaria oreophila. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(12): 2092-2104. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0456

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0456

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I12/2092

图/表 6

表1 温度、海拔及埋藏深度对山生福禄草种子出苗率(第28天和第41天)和幼苗生存表现的影响混合效应模型结果

Table 1 Results of linear mixed-effect models of testing the effects of temperature, altitude and burial depth on seedling emergency (28th and 41st day, respectively) and performances of Arenaria oreophila

因子 Factor	时间 Time (d)	自由度 numDF	分母自由度 denDF	F	p
出苗率 Seedling emergency
截距 Intercept	28	1	85	1264.85	<0.001
截距 Intercept	41	1	90	1434.59	<0.001
温度 Temperature	28	2	85	109.54	<0.001
温度 Temperature	41	2	90	11.24	<0.001
海拔 Altitude	28	1	85	0.99	0.32
海拔 Altitude	41	1	90	2.29	0.13
埋深 Burried depth	28	2	85	209.95	<0.001
埋深 Burried depth	41	2	90	217.55	<0.001
温度×海拔 Temperature × Altitude	28	2	85	1.34	0.27
温度×海拔 Temperature × Altitude	41	2	90	8.92	<0.001
温度×埋深 Temperature × Burried depth	28	4	85	13.35	<0.001
温度×埋深 Temperature × Burried depth	41	4	90	0.93	0.45
海拔×埋深 Altitude × Burried depth	28	2	85	0.27	0.77
海拔×埋深 Altitude × Burried depth	41	2	90	6.07	<0.01
温度×海拔×埋深 Temperature × Altitude × Burried depth	28	4	85	1.56	0.19
温度×海拔×埋深 Temperature × Altitude × Burried depth	41	4	90	6.25	<0.001
幼苗株高 Seedling height
截距 Intercept		1	74	4 864.89	<0.001
温度 Temperature		2	74	91.98	<0.001
海拔 Altitude		1	74	26.04	<0.001
埋深 Burried depth		2	74	14.16	<0.001
幼苗鲜质量 Seedling fresh mass
截距 Intercept		1	74	4 864.89	<0.001
温度 Temperature		2	74	91.98	<0.001
海拔 Altitude		1	74	26.04	<0.001
埋深 Burried depth		2	74	14.16	<0.001
幼苗干质量 Seedling dry mass
截距 Intercept		1	74	4 864.89	<0.001
温度 Temperature		2	74	91.98	<0.001
海拔 Altitude		1	74	26.04	<0.001
埋深 Burried depth		2	74	14.16	<0.001
幼苗死亡率 Seedling mortality
截距 Intercept		1	78	140.66	<0.001
温度 Temperature		2	78	13.61	<0.001
海拔 Altitude		1	78	0.73	0.39
埋深 Burried depth		2	78	2.39	0.10

图1 高海拔(A)和低海拔(B)山生福禄草种子在不同温度和土壤埋藏深度条件下随培养时间的出苗率。

Fig. 1 Seedling emergence of Arenaria oreophila seeds from high (A) and low (B) altitude populations, respectively, along with culture time and with different temperature and burial depth.

图2 增温处理前不同海拔种群来源的山生福禄草种子在不同温度及埋藏深度(∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm)条件下培养后的出苗率(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同温度条件下不同埋藏深度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Seedling emergence (mean ± SE) of Arenaria oreophila seeds from different altitude populations cultivated at different temperatures and burial depths (∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm) before initiation of warming treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between groups at different burial depths under the same temperature condition (p < 0.05).

图3 不同海拔种群来源的山生福禄草种子在不同温度及埋藏深度(∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm)条件下培养后的最终出苗率(A、B)和幼苗死亡率(C、D) (平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同温度条件下不同埋藏深度的组间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Final seedling emergence (A, B) and seedling mortality (C, D) of seeds from different altitude populations cultivated at different temperatures and burial depths (∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm) (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between groups at different burial depths under the same temperature condition (p < 0.05).

图4 不同种群来源种子的山生福禄草幼苗在不同温度和埋藏深度(∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm)条件下培养至实验结束时的幼苗株高(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同温度条件下不同埋藏深度的组间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Final height of Arenaria oreophila seedlings (mean ± SE) from seeds of different populations cultured at different temperatures and burial depths (∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm) at the end of the experiment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between groups at different burial depths under the same temperature condition (p < 0.05).

图5 不同种群来源种子的山生福禄草幼苗在不同温度和埋藏深度(∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm)条件下培养至实验结束时的鲜质量(A、B)和干质量(C、D) (平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示相同温度条件下不同埋藏深度的组间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Fresh (A, B) and dry (C, D) mass (mean ± SE) of Arenaria oreophila seedlings from seeds of different populations cultured at different temperatures and burial depths (∎, 0 cm ; ▲, 1 cm; ●, 2 cm) at the end of the experiment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between groups at different burial depths under the same temperature condition (p < 0.05).

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不同温度和埋藏深度对高山垫状植物山生福禄草种子出苗及幼苗生长的影响

Effects of temperature and burial depth on seedling emergence and growth of the alpine cushion plant Arenaria oreophila

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