灌浆期不同水分处理对玉米籽粒蛋白质及其组分和相关酶活性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蛋白质作为氮素代谢的终极产物,与玉米(Zea mays)籽粒品质呈正相关关系,其生物合成主要在硝酸还原酶(NRase)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)等一系列酶催化下完成,受制于品种自身遗传特性及环境因素,栽培管理措施和生态环境条件对玉米品质具有十分重要的影响。关于土壤水分供应状况对玉米籽粒主要品质成分的分布、积累动态和相关酶活性的影响的研究尚少见报道。以两种不同类型玉米:普通玉米‘掖单22’和高油玉米‘高油115’为研究对象,采用防雨棚池栽试验。水分处理以开花期为界线,设置3种水分处理,花后不浇水(W0)、花后浇1水(灌浆期,W1)、花后浇3水(灌浆期、乳熟期、蜡熟期,W2)。结果表明:两种类型玉米籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的积累动态基本一致,且不受土壤水分供应状况的影响。玉米籽粒蛋白质及清蛋白、谷蛋白含量,均为‘高油115’较高,球蛋白含量为‘掖单22’较高,醇溶蛋白两类型玉米含量相近。在不同水分供应条件下,两种类型玉米叶片中NRase、GS酶活性和籽粒中GS、GDH酶活性的变化动态一致,NRase酶活性自灌浆初期至成熟期一直下降,GS、GDH酶活性呈单峰曲线,在授粉后20~40 d达到高峰,充足的水分供应有利于酶的活性维持较高水平;玉米叶片中NRase酶活性,‘掖单22’高于‘高油115’,叶片GS和籽粒GDH酶活性显著低于‘高油115’。研究表明:用玉米叶片中NRase和GS活性的高低表征籽粒蛋白质含量的高低不确切,土壤水分条件与不同类型玉米穗位叶和籽粒中GS 和GDH活性关系密切。

关键词: 水分, 玉米, 品种类型, 蛋白质, 酶

Abstract:

Aims The biosynthesis of maize protein, which is positively correlated to maize grain quality, is controlled by nitrate reductase (NRase), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which are affected by genetics and environment. Therefore, cultivation methods and environment affect grain quality in maize; however, there are few reports of the effects of soil water on maize grain quality and corresponding enzyme activities.
Methods The experiment was carried out in pool culture within a rain-proof shelter using normal maize (Yedan 22) and high oil maize (Gaoyou 115). There were three water treatments: no irrigation after anthesis, irrigation once after anthesis (at grain filling period) and irrigation three times after anthesis (at grain filling period, milky period and wax period).
Important findings Grain protein was higher in Gaoyou115 than Yedan22, and its component contents increased with increasing water supply. With different water supply, the activities of NRase, GS in leaves and GS, GDH in grains exhibited the same trends in the two types of maize. The activity of NRase decreased, and the activities of GS and GDH had unimodal curves, peaking 20 to 40 days after pollination. The activities of these enzymes increased with increased water supply. However, the activity of NRase in leaves of Yedan22 was higher than in Gaoyou115, while the activities of GS in leaves and GDH in grains were reversed, resulting in lower protein content in grains of Yedan22 than in Gaoyou115. The NRase and GS activities in maize leaves did not match grain protein content. Soil water condition was closely related with the activities of GS and GDH in ear leaves and grains of different types of maize.

Key words: water, maize, variety type, protein, enzyme

张智猛, 戴良香, 胡昌浩, 董树亭, 王空军, 宁堂原. 灌浆期不同水分处理对玉米籽粒蛋白质及其组分和相关酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4): 720-728. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0092

ZHANG Zhi-Meng, DAI Liang-Xiang, HU Chang-Hao, DONG Shu-Ting, WANG Kong-Jun, NING Tang-Yuan. EFFECT OF WATER ON PROTEIN, PROTEIN COMPOSITION AND RELATED ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAIZE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(4): 720-728. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0092

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0092

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I4/720

图/表 8

图1 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米籽粒蛋白质含量的影响

Fig.1

图2 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白含量的影响

Fig.2

图3 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米籽粒醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量的影响

Fig.3

图4 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米穗位叶硝酸还原酶(NRase)活性的影响

Fig.4

图5 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米穗位叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的影响

Fig.5

图6 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的影响

Fig.6

图7 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米籽粒谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性的影响

Fig.7

表1 不同水分处理对两种类型玉米籽粒产量及构成因素的影响

Table 1

品种 Variety	水分处理 Water treatment	穗粒数 No.of kernel per ear	千粒重 Wt.of 1 000 kernels(g)	穗粒重 Wt.per ear (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
‘掖单22’	W2	448.00^a	362.76^a	159.50^a	9 130.09^a
Yedan22	W1	414.00^b	350.80^b	150.00^b	8 815.26^b
	W0	398.40^c	317.02^c	123.00^c	6 869.03^c
‘高油115’	W2	468.48^a	292.54^a	139.00^a	7 956.63^a
Gaoyou115	W1	401.28^b	267.52^b	127.20^b	7 269.72^b
	W0	404.46^c	233.40^c	106.90^c	5 924.54^c

参考文献 27

[1]	Becker TW, Carrayol E, Hirel B (2000). Glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase isoforms in maize leaves: localization, relative proportion and their role in ammonium assimilation or nitrogen transport. Planta, 211, 800-806. DOI URL
[2]	Cao Y(曹云), Fan XR(范晓荣), Jia LJ(贾莉君), Yin XM(尹晓明), Shen QR(沈其荣) (2005). Comparison of nitrate utilization by four different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Journal of Nanjing Agriculture University (南京农业大学学报), 28(1), 52-56.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	Dalling MJ, Boland G, Willson JH (1976). Relation between acid proteinase activity and redistribution of nitrogen during grain development in wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3, 721-730.
[4]	Deckard EL, Tsai CY, Tucker TC 1984. Effect of nitrogen nutrition on quality of agronomic crop. In: Hauck RD ed. Nitrogen in Crop Production. American Soybean Association, Madison, USA, 601-626.
[5]	Doehlert DC, Lambert RJ (1991). Metabolic characteristics associated with starch, protein, and oil deposition in developing maize kernels. Crop Science, 31, 151-157. DOI URL
[6]	Doehlter DC, Kuo TM, Felker FC (1988). Enzymes of sucrose and hexose metabolism in developing kernels of two inbreds of maize. Plant Physiology, 86, 1013-1019. DOI URL PMID
[7]	Gao QY(高群英), Glover DV (1994). The relationship of DNA content in corn endosperm nuclei to kernel traits during kernel development. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 20(1), 46-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]	Gao RQ(高荣岐), Dong ST(董树亭), Hu CH(胡昌浩), Wang QY (王群瑛) (1997). Ultrastructure changes durings cutellar development in maize (Zea mays L.). Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 23, 232-236.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	González-Moro B, Mena-Petite A, Lacuesta M, González-Murua C, Mu†oz-Rueda A (2000). Glutamine synthetase from mesophyll and bundles heath maize cells: isoenzyme complements and different sensitivities to phosphinothricin. Plant Cell Reports, 19, 1127-1134. DOI URL
[10]	He ZF (何照范) (1986). Analysis of Grain and Oil Quality (粮油品质分析). Science Press, Beijing, 76-115.(in Chinese)
[11]	Ingle J, Beitz D, Hageman RH (1965). Changes in composition during development and maturation of maize seeds. Plant Physiology, 40, 835-839. DOI URL PMID
[12]	Kniep KR, Mason SC (1991). Lysine and protein content normal and opaque-2 maize grain as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen. Crop Science, 31, 177-181. DOI URL
[13]	Larkins BA, Bracker CE, Tsai CY (1976). Storage protein synthesis in maize: isolation of zein-synthesizing polyribosomes. Plant Physiology, 57, 740-745. DOI URL PMID
[14]	Li JH (李金洪), Li BH (李伯航)(1995). Effects of mineral nutrition on quality of maize grain. Maize Science (玉米科学), (3), 15-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Liu KC (刘开昌), Hu CH (胡昌浩), Dong ST (董树亭), Wang KJ (王空军), Wang QC (王庆成), Li AQ (李爱芹)(2002). Accumulation of main quality components in kernels of high oil and high starch maize and their physiological and biochemical characteristics. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 28, 492-498.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Loulakakis KA, Roubelakis-Angelakis KA, Kanellis AK (1994). Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase in avocado fruit during development and ripening. Plant Physiology, 106, 212-222.
[17]	Lui Q(刘强), Rong XM(荣湘民), Zhu HM(朱红梅), Peng JW(彭建伟), Lu XY(卢向阳), Chen JB(陈静彬 ) (2001). Nitrogen metabolism of different rice cultivars under different cultivations. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences Edition) (湖南农业大学学报 (自然科学版)), 27, 415-420.( in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Srivastava HS, Singh RP (1987). Role and regulation of L-glutamate dehydrogenase activity in higher plants. Phytochemisty, 26, 597-601. DOI URL
[19]	Wang PW (王鹏文), Lui PF (刘鹏飞)(1997). Researches on the changes of kernel content of maize among 4 plant densities dring flling-maturing stage. Jilin Agricultural Sciences (吉林农业科学), 41-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]	Wang PW (王鹏文), Dai JY (戴俊英), Zhang M (张明)(1996). The change of amounts of poteins and amino aids in gains in the course of maizs maurity. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University (沈阳农业大学学报), (2), 103-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Wang PW (王鹏文), Dai JY (戴俊英), Wei YP (魏云鹏)(1999). The effects of drought stress on yield and quality of maize. Journal of Maize Sciences (玉米科学), (Suppl.), 102-106.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Wang XZ (王宪泽), Zhang SQ (张树芹) (1999). Study on the relation of NRA and nitrogen accumulation in leaves of different pro-teincontent wheats. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 19, 315-320.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	Wang ZX(王忠孝) , Gao XZ(高学曾), Xu JF(许金芳), Liu YJ (刘玉敬), Luo YN (罗瑶年) (1986). A study on the grain abortion of maize (Zea mays L.). Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), (6), 36-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	Wang ZX(王忠孝), Du CG(杜成贵), Wang QC(王庆成) (1990). Changes in main components of different types of maize hybrids during grain-filling stage. Plant Physiology Communications (植物生理学通讯), (1), 30-33. (in Chinese)
[25]	Zhang ZM (张智猛), Dai LX (戴良香), Hu CH (胡昌浩), Dong ST (董树亭), Wang KJ (王空军) (2005). Effects of nitrogen on the protein protein constituents and relevant enzymes activity of maize. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报). 11, 320-326.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	Zhao JY (赵俊晔), Yu ZW (于振文)(2005). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis of superior and inferior wheat kernel. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 38, 1547-1554.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	Zhu DQ (朱德群), Zhu XL (朱遐龄), Wang Y (王雁), Qi BZ (祁葆滋) (1991). Several physiological parameters in relation to grain protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 17(2), 57-66. (in Chinese with English abstract)