关键词: 典型草原, 羊草, 种群, 生物量, 资源分配, 养分添加

Abstract:

Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous graminoid, is a dominant species in the grasslands of northern China. The characteristics of L. chinensis populations have been well documented in many research papers. Because of overgrazing, grasslands of northern China have become degraded since the 1980s. As a result, the density and biomass of L. chinensis populations have decreased significantly. Fertilization is a common technique for management of pastures in many countries; however, it is not widely used in the grasslands of China. Nitrogen is an important driver of community succession in grassland ecosystems, but the response of L. chinensis populations to nitrogen additions in typical steppe, a semiarid area of northern China, remains unclear. We conducted a sequential nitrogen addition experiment in a lightly degraded grassland plot that was fenced in 1999. Nitrogen (NH 4NO 3) was applied on July 5 for two years at application rates of: 0, 1.75, 5.25, 10.5, 17.5, and 28 g N·m -2, respectively. There were 9 replicate 5 m×5 m plots of each of the six treatments with each plot spaced 1 m apart. A completely randomized design was used for this experiment. Before the experiment, soil samples were collected and dry bulk density, pH, soil nitrogen and soil carbon were analyzed. After two years of nitrogen fertilization, we measured the density, height, aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of L. chinensis in each plot. The results showed that L. chinensis population characteristics were highly responsive to nitrogen additions. With an increase in nitrogen application rates, the density, height, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and total biomass of L. chinensis increased significantly whereas the ratio of aboveground biomass/belowground biomass decreased. The allocation of biomass among plant parts was significantly affected by nitrogen additions: the proportion of biomass allocated to rhizomes decreased remarkably with increasing nitrogen rates whereas that allocated to leaves and roots increased significantly. The relative biomass and relative density of L. chinensis also increased with increasing nitrogen additions. In summary, adding nitrogen to lightly degraded grassland not only increased the density and biomass of L. chinensis population but changed the resource partitioning among plant parts as well.

Key words: Typical steppe, Leymus chinensis, Population, Biomass, Resource allocation, Nitrogen fertilization