择伐对思茅松天然林乔木种间与种内关系的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过分析不同择伐强度下思茅松(Pinus kesiya)天然林乔木种群的生态位、种间联结、种内与种间竞争和群落稳定性, 探讨干扰强度对思茅松天然林乔木种群种间与种内关系的影响。结果表明: (1)择伐干扰改变了大多数乔木树种在群落中的优势地位, 思茅松优势地位未受影响, 随着择伐干扰强度的增加, 思茅松在群落中的生态位宽度逐渐变大, 在重度干扰的群落中与红木荷(Schima wallichii)一起成为生态幅度最大的树种。(2)通过种间联结与生态位重叠分析发现, 随着干扰强度的加剧, 乔木种群的种间关系发生变化, 中度干扰群落中物种之间的生态位重叠明显高于未干扰和重度干扰群落, 而在三类群落中, 思茅松与其他种群之间的重叠值较小。随着干扰强度增加, 种群间正联结与负联结的种对所占的比例逐渐增加。(3) Hegyi竞争指数表明, 三类群落中思茅松种群的竞争压力主要来自种间, 而干扰强度进一步增加了思茅松种群的种间竞争强度, 其种内平均竞争指数随着对象木胸径的增加而减少。(4)林窗是思茅松种群种间和种内关系变化的主要原因, 三类群落都处于较不稳定的阶段, 但中度干扰群落的物种丰富度与稳定性都高于未干扰和重度干扰的群落。择伐原则依据森林管理的目的而确定, 如以木材培育为主或森林生态系统服务功能为主。

关键词: 群落稳定性, 竞争指数, 干扰, 重要值, 种间联结, 生态位

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to investigate the inter- and intra-specific interactions of trees in a natural Pinus kesiya forest after three different selective logging disturbances, and to examine the impact of selective logging on disturbance intensity for sustainable forest management.

Methods Niche breadth, niche overlap, interspecific associations, Hegyi’s single-tree competition index model and M. Godron methods were used to analyze the inter- and intra-specific interactions of trees based on the field data collected from 81 small quadrats in nine plots in a natural P. kesiya forest in Jinggu County, Yunnan Province.

Important findings (1) Selective logging disturbance changed the relative dominance of most tree species except P. kesiya. The niche breadth of P. kesiya population increased with increases in disturbance intensity. The niche breadth was greatest in P. kesiya and Schima wallichii among all tree species under a severe disturbance. (2) The interspecific relationship of tree populations changed was affected by disturbance intensity. The niche overlap in the intermediate disturbance communities was apparently higher than those without disturbance or under a severe disturbance. In all the three communities, the niche overlap between P. kesiya and other tree species was very small. The proportion of species pairs with positive and negative associations became gradually increased with increases in disturbance intensity. 3) Hegyi’s competition index showed that the main competitive stress of P. kesiya population mainly came from inter-specific competition. Disturbance intensity increased the inter-specific competition between P. kesiya and other trees, and the mean competition index decreased with increasing diameter at the breast height in P. kesiya. 4) The formation of forest gap was the main reason for changes in inter- and intra-specific relationships of P. kesiya forest. Although all communities were unstable under different disturbance intensities, species richness and community stability were both higher when under intermediate disturbance compared with no or severe disturbances. The principle of selective logging should be determined by the aim of forest management, which should be considered as the basis for timber production and forest ecosystem service.

Key words: community stability, competition index, disturbance, importance value, interspecific association, niche

贾呈鑫卓, 李帅锋, 苏建荣, 苏磊. 择伐对思茅松天然林乔木种间与种内关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(12): 1296-1306. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00124

JIA Cheng-Xin-Zhuo, LI Shuai-Feng, SU Jian-Rong, SU Lei. Effects of selective logging on inter- and intra-specific interactions of trees in a natural Pinus kesiya forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(12): 1296-1306. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00124

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00124

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I12/1296

图/表 7

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物种 Species	未干扰 No disturbance		中度干扰 Intermediate disturbance		重度干扰 Severe disturbance
物种 Species	IV	Bi	IV	Bi	IV	Bi
思茅松 Pinus kesiya	22.96	3.00	21.74	3.14	35.58	3.22
红木荷 Schima wallichii	8.98	2.94	15.37	3.30	16.63	3.22
染色水锦树 Wendlandia tinctoria	7.26	3.14	5.97	2.94	11.89	3.04
高山锥 Castanopsis delavayi	-	-	0.54	1.10	7.77	3.14
小果锥 Castanopsis fleuryi	8.38	3.04	0.79	1.61	6.08	2.83
隐距越桔 Vaccinium exaristatum	9.96	3.18	2.82	2.48	3.55	2.71
茶梨 Anneslea fragrans	5.11	3.04	4.75	2.89	3.26	2.56
毛杨梅 Myrica esculenta	-	-	1.02	1.10	2.80	2.48
水红木 Viburnum cylindricum	5.41	2.94	2.00	2.40	2.42	2.30
深绿山龙眼 Helicia nilagirica	0.99	1.61	4.44	3.00	2.11	2.20
艾胶算盘子 Glochidion lanceolarium	1.52	2.08	1.14	1.95	1.86	2.20
岗柃 Eurya groffii	0.58	1.10	4.28	2.94	1.83	2.08
余甘子 Phyllanthus emblica	1.57	2.08	-	-	1.30	1.79
珍珠花 Lyonia ovalifolia	3.54	2.48	1.31	1.95	1.05	1.61
大叶栎 Quercus griffithii	1.02	1.39	1.05	1.95	0.81	1.39
假木荷 Craibiodendron stellatum	0.50	1.10	-	-	0.61	1.10
思茅厚皮香 Ternstroemia simaoensis	0.59	1.10	1.53	2.20	0.43	0.69
黄毛青冈 Cyclobalanopsis delavayi	4.97	2.08	-	-	-	-
红叶木姜子 Litsea rubescens	3.19	2.64	1.72	2.08	-	-
密花树 Rapanea neriifolia	3.04	2.56	2.61	2.40	-	-
泥椎柯 Lithocarpus fenestratus	2.78	2.20	6.37	2.89	-	-
西桦 Betula alnoides	-	-	2.91	2.20	-	-

物种 Species	未干扰 No disturbance		中度干扰 Intermediate disturbance		重度干扰 Severe disturbance
物种 Species	IV	Bi	IV	Bi	IV	Bi
思茅松 Pinus kesiya	22.96	3.00	21.74	3.14	35.58	3.22
红木荷 Schima wallichii	8.98	2.94	15.37	3.30	16.63	3.22
染色水锦树 Wendlandia tinctoria	7.26	3.14	5.97	2.94	11.89	3.04
高山锥 Castanopsis delavayi	-	-	0.54	1.10	7.77	3.14
小果锥 Castanopsis fleuryi	8.38	3.04	0.79	1.61	6.08	2.83
隐距越桔 Vaccinium exaristatum	9.96	3.18	2.82	2.48	3.55	2.71
茶梨 Anneslea fragrans	5.11	3.04	4.75	2.89	3.26	2.56
毛杨梅 Myrica esculenta	-	-	1.02	1.10	2.80	2.48
水红木 Viburnum cylindricum	5.41	2.94	2.00	2.40	2.42	2.30
深绿山龙眼 Helicia nilagirica	0.99	1.61	4.44	3.00	2.11	2.20
艾胶算盘子 Glochidion lanceolarium	1.52	2.08	1.14	1.95	1.86	2.20
岗柃 Eurya groffii	0.58	1.10	4.28	2.94	1.83	2.08
余甘子 Phyllanthus emblica	1.57	2.08	-	-	1.30	1.79
珍珠花 Lyonia ovalifolia	3.54	2.48	1.31	1.95	1.05	1.61
大叶栎 Quercus griffithii	1.02	1.39	1.05	1.95	0.81	1.39
假木荷 Craibiodendron stellatum	0.50	1.10	-	-	0.61	1.10
思茅厚皮香 Ternstroemia simaoensis	0.59	1.10	1.53	2.20	0.43	0.69
黄毛青冈 Cyclobalanopsis delavayi	4.97	2.08	-	-	-	-
红叶木姜子 Litsea rubescens	3.19	2.64	1.72	2.08	-	-
密花树 Rapanea neriifolia	3.04	2.56	2.61	2.40	-	-
泥椎柯 Lithocarpus fenestratus	2.78	2.20	6.37	2.89	-	-
西桦 Betula alnoides	-	-	2.91	2.20	-	-

干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	AC ≤ -0.6		-0.6< AC ≤ -0.2		-0.2 < AC < 0		AC = 0		0 < AC < 0.2		0.2 ≤ AC < 0.6		AC ≥ 0.6
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)
未干扰 No distur- bance	35	13.83	40	15.81	32	12.65	2	0.79	103	40.71	33	13.04	8	3.16
中度干扰 Intermediate disturbance	186	29.52	65	10.32	44	6.98	45	7.14	187	29.67	88	13.97	15	2.38
重度干扰 Severe disturbance	23	16.91	31	22.79	12	8.23	3	2.21	54	39.71	13	9.56	0	0

干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	AC ≤ -0.6		-0.6< AC ≤ -0.2		-0.2 < AC < 0		AC = 0		0 < AC < 0.2		0.2 ≤ AC < 0.6		AC ≥ 0.6
干扰强度 Disturbance intensity	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)	种对Species pair	占百分比Percentage (%)
未干扰 No distur- bance	35	13.83	40	15.81	32	12.65	2	0.79	103	40.71	33	13.04	8	3.16
中度干扰 Intermediate disturbance	186	29.52	65	10.32	44	6.98	45	7.14	187	29.67	88	13.97	15	2.38
重度干扰 Severe disturbance	23	16.91	31	22.79	12	8.23	3	2.21	54	39.71	13	9.56	0	0

对象木径级 Target tree DBH (cm)	未干扰 No disturbance				中度干扰 Intermediate disturbance				重度干扰 Severe disturbance
对象木径级 Target tree DBH (cm)	株数 No. of trees	比例 Percentage (%)	竞争指数 Competition index	平均竞争指数 Mean competition index	株数 No. of trees	比例 Percentage (%)	竞争指数Competition index	平均竞争指数 Mean competition index	株数 No. of trees	比例 Percentage (%)	竞争指数Competition index	平均竞争指数 Mean competition index
I	1	1.79	1.14	1.14	4	6.67	55.64	13.91 ± 3.24	10	14.93	47.94	4.79 ± 1.84
II	8	14.29	15.76	1.97 ± 0.39	15	25.00	82.14	5.48 ± 1.04	5	7.46	16.04	3.21 ± 1.65
III	4	7.14	3.99	1.00 ± 0.39	11	18.33	41.62	3.78 ± 0.72	-	-	-	-
IV	5	8.93	12.38	2.48 ± 0.91	10	16.67	28.41	2.84 ± 0.66	5	7.46	6.71	1.34 ± 0.28
V	5	8.93	16.11	3.22 ± 1.16	13	21.67	13.01	1.00 ± 0.24	11	16.42	18.94	1.72 ± 0.57
VI	6	10.71	5.41	0.90 ± 0.25	4	6.67	5.73	1.43 ± 0.82	22	32.84	31.76	1.44 ± 0.31
VII	11	19.64	11.32	1.03 ± 0.33	3	5.00	3.19	1.06 ± 0.39	12	17.91	14.44	1.20 ± 0.50
VIII	6	10.71	5.74	0.96 ± 0.20	-	-	-	-	2	2.99	1.10	0.55 ± 0.34
IX	10	17.86	3.93	0.39 ± 0.12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
合计 Total	56	100	75.77	-	60	100	229.73	-	67	100	136.93	-