芦芽山阳坡不同海拔白杄径向生长对气候变暖的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用树轮生态学方法研究了山西芦芽山建群种白杄(Picea meyeri)径向生长对气候变暖的响应状况, 发现随着气温升高, 不同海拔白杄生长与气候因子关系的变化存在差别。研究区气温可以分为1958-1983年的气温降低阶段和1984-2007年的气温升高阶段。由气温降低阶段进入气温升高阶段, 低海拔白杄树轮年表的序列间相关系数和第一主成分解释量均增大, 而高海拔白杄树轮年表的序列间相关系数和第一主成分解释量均减小, 表明气候条件对低海拔白杄生长的影响增强而对高海拔白杄生长的影响减弱。随着气温升高, 不同海拔白杄径向生长与气候因子的关系均出现了变化。1958-1983年, 低海拔(2 060 m)白杄生长与7月降水量显著正相关(p < 0.05), 而在1984-2007年, 这一关系表现为极显著正相关(p < 0.01), 同时与生长季中5-7月平均气温呈现显著负相关(p < 0.05)。海拔2 330 m, 白杄在1958-1983年与7月降水量极显著正相关(p < 0.01), 进入1984-2007年后与气候因子没有显著相关关系。海拔2 440 m, 白杄生长由1958-1983年的与气候因子没有显著相关关系转变为1984-2007年的与上一年10月平均气温显著负相关(p < 0.05)。高海拔(2 540 m)白杄生长在1958-1983年与上一年11月平均气温极显著负相关(p < 0.01), 在1984-2007年与上一年10月、当年1月平均气温和6月降水量均显著负相关(p < 0.05)。滑动相关分析结果表明, 随着气温升高, 低海拔主要气候因子对生长的影响增强, 而高海拔主要气候因子对生长的影响减弱, 这可能成为高海拔白杄生长对气温升高敏感性降低的原因。在气候变暖的驱动下, 海拔引起的白杄生长与气候因子关系的差异发生了变化。

关键词: 气候变暖, 树轮生态学, 海拔梯度, 芦芽山, 白杄

Abstract:

Aims The radial growth in Picea meyeri is reportedly limited by different climatic factors at different elevations. Our objectives were to investigate the variations in the responses of radial growth to climate warming, and to determine the distribution pattern along elevational gradient in P. meyeri.
Methods We selected four sites representing a range of elevations on the southern slope of Luya Mountain in Shanxi Province, and took increment core samples from trees on each site for establishing tree-ring width chronologies along the elevational gradient. Statistical characteristics were computed in order to assess the reliability of the chronologies. Inter-chronology correlation was conducted to determine the growth trends during 1958-1983 and 1984-2007. Person’s correlation was also performed to investigate the relationships between tree growth and climate. At last, the dynamics of growth-climate relationship were analyzed with the moving correlation method to examine the variations of dendroclimatic in response to climate warming.
Important findings At the lower elevations, there was a stronger influence of climate on tree growth in P. meyeri during the period 1984-2007 with increasing temperature than during 1958-1983 with decreasing temperature; whereas the growth of trees displayed reversed patterns of climate effect between the two periods at higher elevations. The growth and climate relationship in P. meyeri varied with elevations. At 2 060 m a.s.l., the significance level of the relationship between tree growth and July precipitation increased from p < 0.05 during 1958-1983 to p < 0.01 during 1984-2007; a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the tree growth and the monthly mean temperature in May-July. At 2 330 m a.s.l., the tree growth showed a highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) with July precipitation during 1958-1983, but was not significantly related to any of the climate factors during 1984-2007. In contrast, the growth of trees did not show any significant relationship with climate during 1958-1983 at 2 440 m a.s.l., but it was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with monthly mean temperature in October of the previous season during 1984-2007. At 2 540 m a.s.l., there was a highly significant (p < 0.01) negative correlation between the tree growth in P. meyeri and the mean temperature in November of the previous season during 1958-1983, and significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations were found between the tree growth and monthly mean temperatures in October of the previous season and January of the current season, as well as between the tree growth and the monthly precipitation in June during 1984-2007. According to the moving correlation analysis, with increasing temperature, the influence of main climate factors on growth enhanced at lower elevations whereas weakened at higher elevations, which probably explain the reduced sensitivity of growth response to climate warming at higher elevations in P. meyeri. Our study suggests that climate warming would alter the difference in the relationship between and climate factors caused by elevation gradient in P. meyeri.

Key words: climate warming, dendroecology, elevation gradient, Luyashan Mountain, Picea meyeri

张文涛, 江源, 王明昌, 张凌楠, 董满宇, 郭媛媛. 芦芽山阳坡不同海拔白杄径向生长对气候变暖的响应. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(12): 1142-1152. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00117

ZHANG Wen-Tao, JIANG Yuan, WANG Ming-Chang, ZHANG Ling-Nan, DONG Man-Yu, GUO Yuan-Yuan. Responses of radial growth to climate warming in Picea meyeri trees growing at different elevations on the southern slope of Luya Mountain. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(12): 1142-1152. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00117

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I12/1142

图/表 8

图1 1958-2007年研究区年平均气温(A)和年降水量(B)的变化趋势。直线为气象资料的线性拟合趋势线。

Fig. 1 Variation trend of annual mean air temperature (A) and annual precipitation (B) of study area in 1958-2007. Straight line is fitted linear regression line of the meteorological data.

表1 采样点概况(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 General situation of sampling sites (mean ± SE)

采样点 Sampling site	海拔 Altitude (m)	样本数 (芯/树) Sample size (core/tree)	胸径 DBH (cm)	树高 Tree height (m)	时段 Period
样点1 Site 1	2 060	46/23	15.3 ± 1.4	7.7 ± 0.7	1942-2007
样点2 Site 2	2 330	30/15	22.6 ± 1.3	16.2 ± 0.6	1929-2007
样点3 Site 3	2 440	30/15	18.7 ± 0.7	14.0 ± 0.6	1943-2007
样点4 Site 4	2 540	34/17	19.9 ± 0.6	13.6 ± 0.5	1909-2007

表2 各采样点树轮年表1958-2007年、1958-1983年和1984-2007年内公共区间特征的比较

Table 2 Comparisons of common interval characteristics of tree-ring chronologies at different sites in 1958-2007, 1958-1983 and 1984-2007

时段 Period	采样点 Sampling site	R1	R2	R3	SNR	EPS	PCA1%
1958-2007	样点1 Site 1	0.56	0.54	0.75	14.98	0.94	61.6
	样点2 Site 2	0.45	0.45	0.58	20.51	0.95	55.9
	样点3 Site 3	0.23	0.21	0.69	6.11	0.86	36.2
	样点4 Site 4	0.37	0.37	0.53	18.82	0.95	46.6
1958-1983	样点1 Site 1	0.54	0.53	0.68	13.96	0.93	61.1
	样点2 Site 2	0.44	0.44	0.60	20.78	0.95	54.5
	样点3 Site 3	0.24	0.22	0.62	6.59	0.87	39.2
	样点4 Site 4	0.42	0.42	0.56	23.32	0.96	52.9
1984-2007	样点1 Site 1	0.63	0.61	0.86	20.21	0.95	66.8
	样点2 Site 2	0.47	0.46	0.57	21.71	0.96	59.4
	样点3 Site 3	0.22	0.21	0.55	7.80	0.89	31.8
	样点4 Site 4	0.33	0.33	0.50	15.92	0.94	43.9

表3 1958-2007年、1958-1983年和1984-2007年不同海拔树轮年表之间的相关系数

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between each pair of tree-ring chronologies at different elevations in 1958-2007, 1958-1983 and 1984-2007

采样点 Sampling site	1958-2007				1958-1983				1984-2007
采样点 Sampling site	样点1 Site 1	样点2 Site 2	样点3 Site 3	样点4 Site 4	样点1 Site 1	样点2 Site 2	样点3 Site 3	样点4 Site 4	样点1 Site 1	样点2 Site 2	样点3 Site 3	样点4 Site 4
样点1 Site 1		0.47^**	0.10	0.10		0.69^**	0.17	0.32		0.33	0.07	-0.11
样点2 Site 2			0.48^**	0.23			0.43^*	0.40^*			0.53^**	0.08
样点3 Site 3				0.60^**				0.62^**				0.62^**
样点4 Site 4

表4 1958-2007年、1958-1983年和1984-2007年树轮年表与年平均气温和年降水量的相关性分析

Table 4 Correlation analysis between tree-ring chronologies and annual mean air temperature, as well as annual precipitation in 1958-2007, 1958-1983 and 1984-2007

采样点 Sampling site	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature			年降水量 Annual precipitation
采样点 Sampling site	1958-2007	1958-1983	1984-2007	1958-2007	1958-1983	1984-2007
样点1 Site 1	-0.10	-0.39^*	0.09	0.33^*	0.32	0.34
样点2 Site 2	-0.02	-0.23	0.08	0.25	0.44^*	0.03
样点3 Site 3	0.12	0.17	0.06	0.04	0.13	-0.09
样点4 Site 4	-0.18	-0.09	-0.21	-0.11	-0.08	-0.21

图2 1958-2007年、1958-1983年和1984-2007年树轮年表与月份气候因子的相关性分析。虚线表示95%置信水平。样点同表1。

Fig. 2 Correlation analysis between tree-ring chronologies and monthly climate variables in 1958-2007, 1958-1983 and 1984- 2007. Dotted line indicates 95% confidence level. Site see Table 1.

图3 各采样点年表与主要气候因子的滑动相关分析。黑线表示年表与气温因子的滑动相关, 灰线表示年表与降水因子的滑动相关, 滑动窗口为20年。样点同表1。

Fig. 3 Moving correlation analysis between tree-ring chronologies and main climate variables at each site. Black line represents the moving correlation with temperature variables, and gray line represents that with precipitation variables. The moving window is 20 years. Site see Table 1.

图4 研究区年平均气温和高海拔树轮年表的变化趋势。灰线表示数据的3次多项式拟合趋势线, 竖线指示1984年。

Fig. 4 Variation trend of annual mean air temperature in study area and tree-ring width chronology at high elevation site. The grey line is the trend line of series with the method of cubic polynomial, and the vertical line indicates the year of 1984.

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