功能多样性对典型阔叶红松林生产力的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为比较生物量比率假说与生态位互补假说在解释生产力变异的相对重要性, 探讨生物多样性和生产力之间的关系是否受到生物和非生物因素的影响, 该研究依托小兴安岭9 hm ²阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林动态监测样地, 通过计算群落初始生物量、物种多样性、功能多样性、植物性状的群落加权平均值和测定环境因子, 运用线性回归模型、结构方程模型, 比较了物种多样性和功能多样性与生产力的相关性。结果表明: (1)物种多样性和功能多样性均对生产力有显著作用, 功能多样性比物种多样性与生产力的关系更为密切; (2)功能多样性指数比群落加权平均值能更好地解释生产力变异, 说明生态位互补假说更适用于解释阔叶红松林群落内生产力的变异; (3)生物多样性与生产力的关系受生物因素与非生物因素的共同作用, 相较于多样性和功能性状组成(植被质量), 初始林分生物量(植被数量)能更有效地解释生产力的变异。生物多样性与生产力关系的研究应从植被质量与植被数量同时出发, 评估生态系统过程的多种非生物和生物驱动因素, 同时维护森林功能多样性, 加强植物与土壤环境的保护, 对有效增加生产力和维持生物多样性具有重要意义。

关键词: 功能多样性, 森林生产力, 生态位互补假说, 生物量比率假说, 结构方程模型

Abstract: Aims

Exploring the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem productivity has become a hot topic in ecological research. The results support the mass ratio hypothesis and niche complementarity hypothesis, but their relative importance is still controversial. Our aim is to test the relative importance of these two hypotheses in explaining the variability of productivity, and to explore whether the relationship between biodiversity and productivity is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors.

Methods

We used the data of woody plants in a 9 hm² typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. By calculating the initial biomass, species diversity, functional diversity, community-weighted mean functional traits and measuring environmental factors, we analyzed the relationship between diversity and productivity by the linear regression model and structural equation model.

Important findings

The results showed that: (1) Both species diversity and functional diversity played a significant role in productivity, and functional diversity was more closely related to productivity than species diversity; (2) the functional diversity index could better explain the variation of productivity than community-weighted mean functional traits. It suggested that the niche complementarity hypothesis was more suitable for explaining the variation of productivity in the mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest; (3) the relationship between biodiversity and productivity was affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and compared with diversity and functional character composition (vegetation quality), initial stand biomass (vegetation quantity) could explain the variation of productivity more effectively. Our study suggests that, it is important to maintain forest functional diversity and strengthen the protection of plants and soil environments to increase productivity and biodiversity effectively.

Key words: functional diversity, forest productivity, niche complementarity hypothesis, mass ratio hypothesis, structural equation model

温纯, 金光泽. 功能多样性对典型阔叶红松林生产力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(2): 94-106. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0312

WEN Chun, JIN Guang-Ze. Effects of functional diversity on productivity in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(2): 94-106. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0312

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0312

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I2/94

图/表 11

参考文献 43

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功能性状 Functional trait	功能意义 Functional significance
木材密度 Wood density (WD) (g·mm^-3)	木材经济谱, 生长和生存之间的权衡, 水的运输和分配 Wood economic spectrum, trade-off between growth, transport and distribution of water
最大高度 Maximum height (MH) (m)	植物竞争活力与策略, 光生态位, 结构多样性 Plant competitive vigor and strategy, light niche, structural diversity
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA) (mm²·g^-1)	叶经济谱, 植物耐荫性 Leaf economic spectrum, plant shade tolerance
叶面积 Leaf area (LA) (mm²)	光竞争, 蒸腾速率 Light acquisition, transpiration rate
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (LT) (mm)	储水能力, 蒸腾速率 Storage capacity, transpiration rate
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (mg·g^-1)	养分吸收, 结构物质 Nutrient absorption, structural substance
叶片碳含量 Leaf carbon concentration (LCC) (mg·g^-1)	结构物质, 养分吸收 Structural substance, nutrient absorption
叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) (mg·g^-1)	叶经济谱, 氮吸收 Leaf economic spectrum, nitrogen acquisition

功能性状 Functional trait	功能意义 Functional significance
木材密度 Wood density (WD) (g·mm^-3)	木材经济谱, 生长和生存之间的权衡, 水的运输和分配 Wood economic spectrum, trade-off between growth, transport and distribution of water
最大高度 Maximum height (MH) (m)	植物竞争活力与策略, 光生态位, 结构多样性 Plant competitive vigor and strategy, light niche, structural diversity
比叶面积 Specific leaf area (SLA) (mm²·g^-1)	叶经济谱, 植物耐荫性 Leaf economic spectrum, plant shade tolerance
叶面积 Leaf area (LA) (mm²)	光竞争, 蒸腾速率 Light acquisition, transpiration rate
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (LT) (mm)	储水能力, 蒸腾速率 Storage capacity, transpiration rate
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (mg·g^-1)	养分吸收, 结构物质 Nutrient absorption, structural substance
叶片碳含量 Leaf carbon concentration (LCC) (mg·g^-1)	结构物质, 养分吸收 Structural substance, nutrient absorption
叶片氮含量 Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) (mg·g^-1)	叶经济谱, 氮吸收 Leaf economic spectrum, nitrogen acquisition

变量 Variables	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD
凹凸度 Convexity	-1.91-2.36	0.01	0.40
海拔 Elevation (m)	425.45-505.52	463.25	18.20
坡度 Slope (°)	3.30-38.46	15.91	6.49
速效氮含量 Soil available nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	605.77-1 482.85	1 103.60	161.34
速效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	2.54-61.96	8.83	6.96
速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	190.46-516.66	332.61	59.05
全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	4.60-12.28	8.40	1.60
全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.40-1.19	0.82	0.15
pH值 Soil pH	5.34-6.29	5.77	0.16
有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (%)	31.29-216.77	75.75	31.25
土壤容重 Soil bulk density (mg·m^-3)	0.41-0.87	0.62	0.10
体积含水率 Soil bulk moisture content (%)	13.72-48.40	30.35	5.91
质量含水率 Soil mass moisture content (%)	0.54-1.51	0.91	0.23

变量 Variables	范围 Range	平均值 Mean	标准偏差 SD
凹凸度 Convexity	-1.91-2.36	0.01	0.40
海拔 Elevation (m)	425.45-505.52	463.25	18.20
坡度 Slope (°)	3.30-38.46	15.91	6.49
速效氮含量 Soil available nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	605.77-1 482.85	1 103.60	161.34
速效磷含量 Soil available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	2.54-61.96	8.83	6.96
速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	190.46-516.66	332.61	59.05
全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	4.60-12.28	8.40	1.60
全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.40-1.19	0.82	0.15
pH值 Soil pH	5.34-6.29	5.77	0.16
有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (%)	31.29-216.77	75.75	31.25
土壤容重 Soil bulk density (mg·m^-3)	0.41-0.87	0.62	0.10
体积含水率 Soil bulk moisture content (%)	13.72-48.40	30.35	5.91
质量含水率 Soil mass moisture content (%)	0.54-1.51	0.91	0.23

假说 Hypothesis	指数 Index	平均值 Mean	范围 Range
生物量比率假说 Mass ratio hypothesis	木材密度的群落加权平均值 CWM of wood density (CWM_WD) (g·mm^-3)	0.47	0.34-0.63
生物量比率假说 Mass ratio hypothesis	最大树高的群落加权平均值 CWM of maximum height (CWM_MH) (m)	17.24	4.59-43.01
	比叶面积的群落加权平均值 CWM of specific leaf area (CWM_SLA) (mm²·g^-1)	254.30	158.29-392.23
	叶面积的群落加权平均值 CWM of leaf area (CWM_LA) (mm²)	33.87	8.20-74.54
	叶片厚度的群落加权平均值 CWM of leaf thickness (CWM_LT) (mm)	0.18	0.08-0.44
	叶干物质含量的群落加权平均值 CWM of leaf dry matter content (CWM_LDMC) ( mg·g^-1)	0.29	0.19-0.38
	叶片碳含量的群落加权平均值 CWM of leaf carbon content (CWM_LCC) ( mg·g^-1)	499.22	446.90-563.74
	叶片氮含量的群落加权平均值 CWM of leaf nitrogen content (CWM_LNC) ( mg·g^-1)	23.56	17.49-32.38
生态位互补假说 Niche complementarity hypothesis	物种丰富度 Species richness (C)	6.42	2-13
生态位互补假说 Niche complementarity hypothesis	香农指数 Shannon index (H°)	1.45	0.41-2.24
	辛普森指数 Simpson index (D)	0.71	0.24-0.88
	均匀度指数 Evenness index (J)	0.89	0.42-1.00
	多维功能均匀度指数 Multidimensional functional evenness index (FEve)	0.72	0.21-0.99
	Rao二次熵指数 Rao’s quadratic entropy index (FD_Q)	8.39	0.81-15.41
	8个性状组合的功能分散指数 FD is based on eight traits combined (FD_com)	2.68	0.72-3.87
	木材密度的功能分散指数 FD is based on wood density (FD_WD)	0.48	0.01-1.13
	最大高度的功能分散指数 FD is based on maximum height (FD_MH)	0.78	0.07-1.71
	比叶面积的功能分散指数 FD is based on specific leaf area (FD_SLA)	0.63	0.02-1.61
	叶面积的功能分散指数 FD is based on leaf area (FD_LA)	0.66	0.02-1.61
	叶片厚度的功能分散指数 FD is based on leaf thickness (FD_LT)	0.58	0.03-1.51
	叶干物质含量的功能分散指数 FD is based on leaf dry matter content (FD_LDMC)	0.58	0.06-1.26
	叶片碳含量的功能分散指数 FD is based on leaf carbon content (FD_LCC)	0.93	0.03-2.37
	叶片氮含量的功能分散指数 FD is based on leaf nitrogen content (FD_LNC)	0.51	0.03-2.38