植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1113-1125.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0116

• 综述 • 上一篇    

森林土壤碳氮循环过程的新视角: 丛枝与外生菌根树种的作用

王薪琪, 王传宽*(), 张泰东   

  1. 东北林业大学生态研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 王传宽
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0600201)、教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R09)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2572017AA16)

New perspectives on forest soil carbon and nitrogen cycling processes: Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal versus ectomycorrhizal tree species

Xin-Qi WANG, Chuan-Kuan WANG*(), Tai-Dong ZHANG   

  1. Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-12-24
  • Contact: Chuan-Kuan WANG

摘要:

几乎所有树木的根系都能与丛枝菌根(AM)真菌或外生菌根(EM)真菌形成共生关系, 从而调节森林生态系统土壤碳(C)、氮(N)循环等功能过程。深入理解不同菌根类型森林土壤C、N循环的差异及其影响机制是重要的生态研究命题。该文明晰了AM与EM森林土壤C、N循环的差异; 基于森林土壤C、N输入、稳定和输出等3个过程剖析了AM和EM树种对土壤C、N循环的影响机制; 比较了不同菌根类型森林土壤C、N循环过程对全球变化的响应; 指出了该研究领域所面临的主要挑战: (1)全面比较研究不同菌根类型森林土壤C、N循环及其相关联的生态系统结构和功能特征, 为提高森林生产力、发挥生态系统服务功能提供理论基础和数据; (2)深入认知不同菌根树种地上凋落物及地下菌根与自由微生物间相互作用对土壤C、N循环的影响, 以阐明不同菌根类型森林土壤C、N循环的潜在机制; (3)改进研究方法, 应用新技术手段, 充分考虑时空尺度效应, 以便能用小尺度的研究结果合理地解释和预测生态系统C、N循环; (4)加强不同菌根类型森林土壤C、N稳定性差异的研究, 以准确评价森林结构和功能对全球变化的响应。

关键词: 菌根, 土壤碳循环, 土壤氮循环, 自由微生物, 胞外酶, 全球变化

Abstract:

Nearly all tree species develop symbiotic relationships with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi to acquire nutrients from soils, and hence influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. It is crucial to understand the differences in soil C and N cycles between AM and EM forests and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we first compared the differences in the soil C and N cycles between AM and EM forests, and synthesized the underlying mechanisms from perspectives of the inputs, stabilization, and outputs of soil C and N in forest ecosystems. We also compared the responses of soil C and N cycles between AM and EM forests to global changes. In this field, one major research priority is comparing the structure and function (including the soil C and N cycles) between AM and EM forest ecosystems to provide theoretical basis and solid data for improving forest productivity and ecosystem services. The second research focus is deepening the understanding of the effects of interactions between aboveground litter and belowground mycorrhiza and free-living microbes on soil C and N cycles to reveal the potential underlying mechanisms in forests with different mycorrhizal symbioses. Third, the research methodology and new techniques need refining and applying to explicitly focus on scaling up the fine-scale measurements to better expound and predict the C and N cycles in forest ecosystems. Finally, more studies on the stability of soil organic matter among different mycorrhizal forests are needed to precisely assess responses of the structure and function of forest ecosystems to global changes.

Key words: mycorrhiza, soil carbon cycling, soil nitrogen cycling, free-living microbes, extracellular enzyme, global change