植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 818-833.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0373

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

草地利用方式对温性典型草原优势种植物功能性状的影响

张景慧1,2,3*, 王铮1*, 黄永梅4,**(), 陈慧颖5, 李智勇1,2,3, 梁存柱1,2,3   

  1. 1内蒙古大学生态与环境学院, 呼和浩特 010021
    2蒙古高原生态学与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010021
    3省部共建草地生态学国家重点实验室培育基地, 呼和浩特 010021
    4北京师范大学地理科学学部, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875
    5人民教育出版社课程教材研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-12 修回日期:2021-04-02 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 黄永梅
  • 作者简介:** ymhuang@bnu.edu.cn
    第一联系人:*同等贡献Contributed equally to this work
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500503);国家自然科学基金(31960243);内蒙古自然科学基金(2018BS03006)

Effects of grassland utilization on the functional traits of dominant plants in a temperate typical steppe

ZHANG Jing-Hui1,2,3*, WANG Zheng1*, HUANG Yong-Mei4,**(), CHEN Hui-Ying5, LI Zhi-Yong1,2,3, LIANG Cun-Zhu1,2,3   

  1. 1School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
    2Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot 010021, China
    3Provincial and Ministry Jointly Build the Cultivation Base of State Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, Hohhot 010021, China
    4Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    5Curriculum and Teaching Materials Research Institute, Peopleʼs Education Press, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-11-12 Revised:2021-04-02 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-04-28
  • Contact: HUANG Yong-Mei
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0500503);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960243);Natural Science Foundation of Nei Mongol(2018BS03006)

摘要:

当外界环境发生变化后植物能够改变自身功能性状及时调整适应策略, 因此植物功能性状能够有效地反映植物对草地利用变化的响应, 然而在内蒙古草原从植物功能性状角度开展草地利用方式影响的研究略少。该研究以内蒙古典型草原大针茅(Stipa grandis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和冷蒿(Artemisia frigida) 4种主要优势种为研究对象, 探讨在长期自由放牧、割草、短期围封和长期无干扰的影响下优势种植物功能性状的差异, 以期从功能性状视角, 揭示植物在受到外界干扰后的适应策略, 旨为天然草地的可持续管理提供基础数据支持和科学依据。结果表明: 1)除糙隐子草外, 在长期放牧后内蒙古典型草原优势植物植株高度、根长和植物碳氮含量降低, 这些性状的变化能够使植物个体小型化, 适口性降低, 表明植物通过逃避放牧的策略适应长期自由放牧的干扰; 在割草管理方式下, 优势种的高度和比叶面积有增加的趋势, 其中冷蒿的氮含量对割草响应最敏感, 其根、茎、叶中的氮含量均在割草样地最低; 围封和长期无干扰处理下植物的碳氮含量增加, 表明在干扰强度降低后, 植物通过功能性状的改变从资源获取策略向资源储藏策略转变。2)对优势种功能性状集合分析表明, 糙隐子草具有较低的植株高度和较高的比叶面积, 冷蒿具有较高的木质素含量和氮含量, 这些性状能够使两种植物被家畜采食量减少, 并保证其具有较强的再生能力, 这可能是糙隐子草和冷蒿耐牧的原因; 大针茅具有最高的植株高度、最大的叶片干物质含量, 以及最高的茎、叶纤维素含量, 说明大针茅是非常典型的竞争物种, 在干扰较低的条件下, 大针茅采取竞争策略对其他物种产生较大的竞争压力可能是其占优势的重要原因。

关键词: 植物功能性状, 草地利用方式, 典型草原, 优势种, 元素性状

Abstract:

Aims When the external environment changes, plants can change their own functional traits and adjust adaptation strategies in a timely manner. Therefore, plant functional traits can effectively reflect the response of plants to the change of grassland use. However, there are few studies on the effects of grassland use patterns from the perspective of plant functional traits in the Nei Mongol grassland. Therefore, from the perspective of functional traits, this paper reveals the adaptation strategies of plants after external disturbances, aiming to provide basic data support and scientific basis for the sustainable management of natural grasslands.
Methods In this study, four important dominant species of Stipa grandis, Leymus chinensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Artemisia frigida in the typical grasslands of Nei Mongol were selected as the research objects to explore the differences in the functional traits of dominant species under the influence of long-term free grazing, mowing, short-term enclosed and long-term reservation.
Important findings We found that: 1) Vegetation height, root length and carbon and nitrogen concentration of dominant plants in Nei Mongol typical grasslands are reduced under long-term grazing. Changes in these traits can miniaturize individual plants and reduce their palatability, indicating that plants may adopt avoiding grazing strategy to adjust to the interference of long-term free grazing. Under the mowing management, the vegetation height and specific leaf area of the dominant species tend to increase. Among them, the nitrogen content of A. frigida is the most sensitive to the response of mowing. The nitrogen concentration in its roots, stems, leaves are the lowest in the mowing sites; the carbon and nitrogen concentration of plants increases under enclosure and long-term non-disturbance treatments, indicating that the plant transforms from resource acquisition strategy to resource storage strategy through changes in functional traits when the disturbance intensity is reduced. 2) The analysis of the assemblage of functional traits of dominant species shows that C. squarrosa has a small plant height and a high specific leaf area, and A. frigida has a high lignin and nitrogen concentration. The two species thus can adopt some avoidance (escaping from grazers) and tolerance (regrowth capacity after defoliation) strategies to improve their grazing resistance; S. grandis has the highest plant height, the largest leaf dry matter concentration, the highest stem and leaf cellulose concentration, which indicates that S. grandis is a very typical competitive species. Under management conditions with low interference intensity, the competitive pressure of S. grandis (Competitive strategy) against other species may be an important reason for its high dominance.

Key words: plant functional traits, grassland utilization patterns, typical grasslands, dominant species, element traits