不同退化程度小叶杨人工林冠层气孔导度特征及其环境响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0106

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 1143-1156.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0106 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0106

不同退化程度小叶杨人工林冠层气孔导度特征及其环境响应

张小雨¹, 贾国栋¹^,²^,^*(), 余新晓¹^,², 孙立博³, 蒋涛¹

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
²北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083
³山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006

收稿日期:2023-04-19 接受日期:2023-10-09 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2023-10-10
通讯作者: *贾国栋(jgd3@163.com)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302502-03);国家自然科学基金(42230714)

Characteristics of canopy stomatal conductance of Populus simonii stands with different degradation degrees and its responses to environmental factors

ZHANG Xiao-Yu¹, JIA Guo-Dong¹^,²^,^*(), YU Xin-Xiao¹^,², SUN Li-Bo³, JIANG Tao¹

¹College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Received:2023-04-19 Accepted:2023-10-09 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2023-10-10
Contact: *JIA Guo-Dong (jgd3@163.com)
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1302502-03);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230714)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冠层气孔导度(g_s)是衡量冠层-大气水汽交换的重要指标, 研究其特征及对环境因子的响应, 有助于深入了解冠层水汽交换的过程及环境因子对林木冠层控制的综合机制, 目前针对不同退化程度的同一树种冠层气孔导度特征及对环境因子响应的差异性仍不清楚。该研究于2019年生长季(5-9月)以坝上张北县4种退化程度(无退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化)小叶杨(Populus simonii)人工林为研究对象, 利用热扩散技术对林中小叶杨树干液流进行连续监测, 同步监测气温(T)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、空气相对湿度(RH)、土壤含水率(SWC)等环境因子, 分析小叶杨的液流速率、g_s特征及其对环境因子的响应。结果显示: (1)小叶杨液流速率日变化总体呈单峰曲线, g_s呈双峰曲线, 月尺度上两者均呈先升高后降低趋势, 7月两者值最大, 在5月和9月4种退化程度人工林中小叶杨液流速率及g_s均差异显著。(2) 4种退化程度人工林中小叶杨g_s均受T、VPD及SWC的影响, 但由于退化有一定的差异性, 无退化人工林中小叶杨g_s主要受T、VPD和80-160 cm SWC影响, 轻度退化人工林中小叶杨g_s主要受T、0-80 cm SWC和VPD影响, 中度退化人工林中小叶杨g_s主要受0-80 cm SWC、T、VPD影响, 重度退化人工林中小叶杨g_s主要受T、PAR、VPD的影响。(3)对于4种退化程度人工林中小叶杨, T在18 ℃以上时g_s与其呈正相关关系, VPD在0.6-2.2 kPa时g_s与其呈正相关关系, g_s与SWC呈负相关关系; 当PAR小于250 μmol·m^-2·s^-1时, 重度退化小叶杨g_s与其呈正相关关系。(4)重度退化程度人工林中小叶杨与另3种退化程度人工林中小叶杨相比, 对T变化的响应更积极, 对其他环境因子响应的敏感性降低, 且因形态学上的退化, 其对冠层蒸腾的控制会更加严格, 以避免进一步退化或死亡。

关键词: 冠层气孔导度, 小叶杨, 退化, 环境响应, 液流

Abstract:

Aims Canopy stomatal conductance (g_s) is an important indicator for measuring canopy atmospheric water vapor exchange. Studying its characteristics and responses to environmental factors could enhance the understanding of canopy water vapor exchange process and the comprehensive mechanism of environmental factors controlling forest canopy. Currently, differences in canopy stomatal conductance characteristics and its responses to environmental factors of the same tree species with different degradation degrees are still unclear.

Methods In the growing-season of 2019 (May-September), four types of Populus simonii stands with different degrees of degradation (non-degraded, mildly degraded, moderately degraded and severely degraded) in Zhangbei County of Bashang Plateau were selected, and thermal diffusion technology (TDP) probes were set to monitor trunk sap flow continuously. Environmental factors such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T), relative air humidity (RH) and soil water content (SWC) were monitored synchronously to analyze the sap flow rate and canopy stomatal conductance characteristics of P. simonii and their responses to environmental factors.

Important findings (1) The daily variation of sap flow rate in P. simonii showed a single-peak curve, while the g_s showed a double-peak curve. On the monthly scale, both sap flow rate and g_s showed a trend of increasing at first and declining subsequently, and then reaching the highest values in July. The differences in sap flow rate and g_s of P. simonii among the four stands of degradation degrees were significant in May and September. (2) The g_s was all affected by T, VPD and SWC. However, due to the differences in degradation, g_s in the non-degraded stands was mainly affected by T, VPD and 80-160 cm SWC. In the mildly degraded stands g_s was mainly affected by T, 0-80 cm SWC and VPD, and that in the moderately degraded was mainly affected by 0-80 cm SWC, T, VPD, while it in the severely degraded was mainly affected by T, PAR and VPD. (3) For the all P. simonii of different degradation degrees, the g_s above 18 °C was positively correlated with T. At 0.6-2.2 kPa, it was positively correlated with VPD, while negatively correlated with SWC. The g_s of the severely degraded P. simonii was positively correlated PAR when it was below 250 μmol·m^-2·s^-1. (4) Compared to the other three types of P. simonii, the severely degraded one had a more positive response to T changes and a lower sensitivity to other environmental factors. Due to morphological degradation, control of canopy transpiration of the severely degraded P. simonii will be even stricter to avoid further degradation or dieback.

Key words: canopy stomatal conductance, Populus simonii, degradation, environmental response, sap flow

张小雨, 贾国栋, 余新晓, 孙立博, 蒋涛. 不同退化程度小叶杨人工林冠层气孔导度特征及其环境响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(9): 1143-1156. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0106

ZHANG Xiao-Yu, JIA Guo-Dong, YU Xin-Xiao, SUN Li-Bo, JIANG Tao. Characteristics of canopy stomatal conductance of Populus simonii stands with different degradation degrees and its responses to environmental factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(9): 1143-1156. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0106

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0106

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I9/1143

图/表 13

表1 坝上张北县小叶杨液流监测代表树木特征

Table 1 Characteristics of representative trees of Populus simonii for sap flow monitoring in Zhangbei County of Bashang Plateau

编号Number	人工林退化程度 Degradation degree of stand	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	冠幅 Crown diameter (m)
编号Number	人工林退化程度 Degradation degree of stand	树高 Tree height (m)	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	东西 East-west	南北 South-north
1	无退化 Non-degradation	14.3	32.0	6.7	5.3
2	无退化 Non-degradation	14.2	23.5	4.1	2.1
3	无退化 Non-degradation	13.5	24.2	6.5	5.2
4	轻度退化 Mild degradation	14.2	23.5	2.8	3.5
5	轻度退化 Mild degradation	13.7	26.0	3.5	2.5
6	轻度退化 Mild degradation	13.4	24.2	2.8	3.5
7	中度退化 Moderate degradation	12.6	21.8	2.8	3.1
8	中度退化 Moderate degradation	11.1	16.2	2.2	3.5
9	中度退化 Moderate degradation	12.9	23.7	2.2	3.5
10	重度退化 Severe degradation	13.7	41.0	6.7	5.3
11	重度退化 Severe degradation	10.6	18.5	6.5	5.1
12	重度退化 Severe degradation	12.9	23.7	6.4	5.3

图1 小叶杨胸径-边材面积关系。

Fig. 1 Relationship between diameter at breast height (DBH) and sapwood area (As) of Populus simonii.

图2 坝上地区环境因子特征。

Fig. 2 Characteristics of environmental factors in Bashang area.

图3 坝上地区生长季4种退化林地土壤含水率特征(平均值±标准差)。

Fig. 3 Characteristics of soil water content in four degraded forest lands in Bashang area during the growing season (mean ± SD).

图4 研究期间坝上地区4种退化程度小叶杨液流速率日变化。

Fig. 4 Daily variation of sap flow rate of Populus simonii with four degradation degrees in Bashang area during the study period.

表2 坝上地区4种退化程度小叶杨月液流速率(g·m-2·s-1) (平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Monthly sap flow rate (g·m-2·s-1) of Populus simonii with four degradation degrees in Bashang area (mean ± SE)

月份 Month	无退化 Non-degradation	轻度退化 Mild degradation	中度退化 Moderate degradation	重度退化 Severe degradation
5月 May	43.54 ± 3.90^b	31.52 ± 3.13^bc	17.65 ± 2.05^c	80.71 ± 8.36^a
6月 June	114.75 ± 12.40^a	67.25 ± 8.67^b	54.39 ± 6.09^b	47.64 ± 4.68^b
7月 July	151.60 ± 18.19^a	100.48 ± 13.22^b	68.15 ± 8.39^bc	43.83 ± 4.80^c
8月 August	119.25 ± 14.83^a	54.28 ± 7.14^b	41.57 ± 5.29^b	35.91 ± 4.17^b
9月 September	48.37 ± 6.25^a	10.15 ± 1.16^b	9.39 ± 1.22^b	4.85 ± 0.61^b

图5 研究期间坝上地区4种退化程度小叶杨冠层气孔导度日变化。

Fig. 5 Daily variation of canopy stomatal conductance (gs) of Populus simonii with four degradation degrees in Bashang area during the study period.

表3 坝上地区4种退化程度小叶杨各月冠层气孔导度(mol·m-2·s-1) (平均值±标准误差)

Table 3 Monthly canopy stomatal conductance (mol·m-2·s-1) of Populus simonii with four degradation degrees in Bashang area (mean ± SE)

月份 Month	无退化 Non-degradation	轻度退化 Mild degradation	中度退化 Moderate degradation	重度退化 Severe degradation
5月 May	0.077 ± 0.008 4^b	0.106 ± 0.011 0^b	0.070 ± 0.007 8^b	0.220 ± 0.021 0^a
6月 June	0.297 ± 0.039 7^ab	0.337 ± 0.045 0^a	0.219 ± 0.033 7^b	0.213 ± 0.024 9^b
7月 July	0.662 ± 0.102 0^a	0.789 ± 0.102 0^a	0.569 ± 0.072 9^ab	0.367 ± 0.045 2^ab
8月 August	0.372 ± 0.048 0^a	0.265 ± 0.037 2^b	0.242 ± 0.024 6^b	0.255 ± 0.034 0^b
9月 September	0.175 ± 0.014 5^a	0.082 ± 0.006 8^b	0.054 ± 0.007 2^c	0.036 ± 0.006 2^c

表4 环境因子对4种退化程度小叶杨冠层气孔导度的贡献率(%)

Table 4 Contribution rate of environmental factors to the canopy stomatal conductance of Populus simonii with four degradation degrees (%)

退化程度 Degree of degradation	温度 Air temperature	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit	风速 Wind speed	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation	0-80 cm土层含水率 0-80 cm soil water content	80-160 cm土层含水率 80-160 cm soil water content
无退化 Non-degradation	43.1	25.5	7.7	6.6	3.5	13.6
轻度退化 Mild degradation	39.2	12.4	1.7	6.7	36.1	4.0
中度退化 Moderate degradation	27.1	16.7	3.3	15.0	36.0	1.9
重度退化 Severe degradation	43.0	13.1	4.5	14.7	12.0	12.7

图6 环境因子与无退化小叶杨冠层气孔导度的拟合曲线。

Fig. 6 Fitting curves of environmental factors on canopy stomatal conductance of non-degraded Populus simonii.

图7 环境因子与轻度退化小叶杨冠层气孔导度的拟合曲线。

Fig. 7 Fitting curves of environmental factors on canopy stomatal conductance of mildly-degraded Populus simonii.

图8 环境因子与中度退化小叶杨冠层气孔导度的拟合曲线。

Fig. 8 Fitting curves of environmental factors on canopy stomatal conductance of moderately degraded Populus simonii.

图9 环境因子与重度退化小叶杨冠层气孔导度的拟合曲线。

Fig. 9 Fitting curves of environmental factors on canopy stomatal conductance of severely degraded Populus simonii.

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不同退化程度小叶杨人工林冠层气孔导度特征及其环境响应

Characteristics of canopy stomatal conductance of Populus simonii stands with different degradation degrees and its responses to environmental factors

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