Changes of the relationships between soil and microbes in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry during ecosystem succession

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0218

Abstract

Abstract: AimsThe carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry (C:N:P) of soil profoundly influences the growth, community structure, biomass C:N:P stoichiometry, and metabolism in microbes. However, the relationships between soil and microbes in the C:N:P stoichiometry and their temporal dynamics during ecosystem succession are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the temporal patterns of soil and microbial C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships during ecosystem succession.MethodsAn extensive literature search was conducted and data were compiled for 19 age sequences of successional ecosystems, including 13 forest ecosystems and 6 grassland ecosystems, from 18 studies published up to May 2016. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the sequential changes in 18 variables that were associated with soil and microbial C, N and P contents and the stoichiometry. Important findings (1) There was no consistent temporal pattern in soil C:N along the successional stages, whereas the soil C:P and N:P increased with succession; the slopes of the linear relationships between soil C:N:P stoichiometry and successional age were negatively correlated with the initial content of the soil organic C within given chronosequence. (2) There was no consistent temporal pattern in microbial C:N:P stoichiometry along the successional stages. (3) The fraction of microbial biomass C in soil organic C (qMBC), the fraction of microbial biomass N in soil total N, and the fraction of microbial biomass P in soil total P all increased significantly with succession, in consistency with the theory of succession that ecosystem biomass per unit resource increases with succession. (4) The qMBC decreased with increases in the values of soil C:N, C:P, or N:P, as well as the stoichiometric imbalances in C:N, C:P, and N:P between soil and microbes (i.e., ratios of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P to microbial biomass C:N, C:P, and N:P, respectively). The C:N, C:P, and N:P stoichiometric imbalances explained 37%-57% variations in the qMBC, about 7-17 times more than that explainable by the successional age, illustrating the importance of soil-microbial C:N:P stoichiometry in shaping the successional dynamics in qMBC. In summary, our study highlights the importance of the theories of ecosystem succession and stoichiometry in soil microbial studies, and suggests that appropriately applying macro-ecological theories in microbial studies may improve our understanding on microbial ecological processes.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201612005

Key words: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, ecological stoichiometry, soil microbes, succession

Zheng-Hu ZHOU, Chuan-Kuan WANG. Changes of the relationships between soil and microbes in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry during ecosystem succession[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(12): 1257-1266.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0218

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I12/1257

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Summary of the data sets compiled in this study

参考文献 Reference	生态系统类型 Ecosystem type	年龄阶段数 No. of age stages	演替年龄跨度 Span of successional age (a)	C_soil	N_soil	P_soil	C_mic	N_mic	P_mic
An et al., 2009	草地 Grassland	8	78	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Banning et al., 2008	森林 Forest	7	27	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
	森林 Forest	7	27	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Cao et al., 2008	森林 Forest	4	24	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Hu et al., 2016	森林 Forest	5	13	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Jia et al., 2005	森林 Forest	5	36	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Jia, 2006	草地 Grassland	9	27	√	√	√	√	√	√
Jiang et al., 2007	草地 Grassland	6	24	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Jiang et al., 2009	草地 Grassland	6	139	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Liu et al., 2012	森林 Forest	5	39	√	√	NA	√	NA	√
Liu et al., 2010	森林 Forest	7	101	√	√	NA	√	√	√
Liu et al., 2013	森林 Forest	5	56	√	√	√	√	√	NA
Singh et al., 2001	森林 Forest	5	58	√	√	√	√	√	√
Xiao et al., 2013	草地 Grassland	8	30	√	√	NA	√	√	NA
Xue et al., 2008	森林 Forest	6	31	√	√	√	√	√	√
Xue et al., 2007	森林 Forest	9	51	√	√	√	√	√	√
Xue et al., 2009	草地 Grassland	11	51	√	√	√	√	√	√
Yang et al., 2014	森林 Forest	4	49	√	√	√	√	√	√
Zhu et al., 2012	森林 Forest	4	51	√	√	NA	√	√	NA

Fig. 1 Means and 95% confidence interval of the slopes of the linear relationships between soil and microbial C, N, P concentrations (A), stoichiometric ratios (B), stoichiometric imbalances (C), fraction of the elements in microbial biomass over the total amounts in soils (D) and the successional age. The dots and error bars represent the means and 95% confidence intervals, respectively; values in brackets are the numbers of age sequences. Csoil, soil organic C; Nsoil, soil total N; Psoil, soil total P; Cmic, microbial biomass C; Nmic, microbial biomass N; Pmic, microbial biomass P; C:Nsoil, soil C to N ratio; C:Psoil, soil C to P ratio; N:Psoil, soil N to P ratio; C:Nmic, microbial biomass C to N ratio; C:Pmic, microbial biomass C to P ratio; N:Pmic, microbial biomass N to P ratio; C:Nimb, C:N stoichiometric imbalance; C:Pimb, C:P stoichiometric imbalance; N:Pimb, N:P stoichiometric imbalance; qMBC, fraction of microbial biomass C in soil C; qMBN, fraction of microbial biomass N in soil total N; qMBP, fraction of microbial biomass P in soil total P.

Fig. 2 Correlations between the initial contents of soil organic C and the slopes of linear relationships between soil C:N:P and successional age.

Fig. 3 Means and 95% confidence interval of the slopes of the linear relationships between soil C:N:P and microbial C:N:P. The dots and error bars represent the means and 95% confidence intervals, respectively; the values in brackets are the numbers of age sequences. C:Nsoil vs. C:Nmic, relationship between soil C:N and microbial C:N; C:Psoil vs. C:Pmic, relationship between soil C:P and microbial C:P; N:Psoil vs. N:Pmic, relationship between soil N:P and microbial N:P.

Table 2 Summary of the results from a general linear model showing the integrative effects of successional ages, stoichiometric imbalances and individual sequence on microbial quotient

分组 Group	因子 Factor	平方和 Sum of square	df	F	p	方差解释率 Explanatory rate of variance (%)
C:N	演替时间 Successional age	1.8	1	28.1	<0.001	2
	C:N化学计量不平衡性 C:N stoichiometric imbalance	31.9	1	484.8	<0.001	37
	个体序列 Individual sequence	46.5	17	41.6	<0.001	54
	误差 Error	6.2	95			7
C:P	演替时间 Successional age	0.4	1	15.1	<0.001	5
	C:P化学计量不平衡性 C:P stoichiometric imbalance	3.7	1	157.6	<0.001	57
	个体序列 Individual sequence	1.7	5	14.3	<0.001	26
	误差 Error	0.8	34			12
N:P	演替时间 Successional age	0.4	1	9.8	0.004	5
	C:N化学计量不平衡性 C:N stoichiometric imbalance	2.7	1	73.2	<0.001	41
	个体序列 Individual sequence	2.3	5	12.6	<0.001	35
	误差 Error	1.2	34			19

Fig. 4 Relationships between microbial quotient (qMBC) and soil C:N:P and C:N:P stoichiometric imbalances. C:Nsoil, soil C to N ratio; C:Psoil, soil C to P ratio; N:Psoil, soil N to P ratio; C:Nimb, C:N stoichiometric imbalance; C:Pimb, C:P stoichiometric imbalance; N:Pimb, N:P stoichiometric imbalance. The dots in the black box are outliers.

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