RESPONSES OF SOIL RESPIRATION TO THE COORDINATED EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND BIOTIC FACTORS IN A MAIZE FIELD

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0044

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Based on the dynamic measurements of soil respiration and its environmental factors in a maize (Zea mays) field during the growing season in 2005, the diurnal and seasonal variations of soil respiration (SR) and their responses to the coordinated effects of soil temperature and biotic factors were studied. Our objective was to describe the effects of biotic factors on the response of soil respiration to soil temperature and to determine the seasonal variation of soil respiration during the growth season of maize.
Methods Soil respiration rates were measured twice monthly during the growing season (May-September) in 2005 using a soil respiration chamber (LI-6400-09, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE) connected to a portable infrared gas analyzer (IRGA, LI-6400, Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE). We inserted 15 soil collars into the soil and soil respiration was pooled over all 15 collars per plot. To catch the diurnal pattern, soil respiration rates were measured every hour from 6∶00 to 18∶00 on May 4, June 5, June 28, July 28, August 28 and September 22.
Important findings The diurnal variation of soil respiration showed asymmetric pattern, with the minimum value occurring around 6∶00-7∶00 hours (local time) and the maximum value around 13∶00 hours. Soil respiration fluctuated greatly during the growing season. The mean soil respiration rate was 3.16 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1, with a maximum value of 4.87 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on July 28 and a minimum value of 1.32 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 on May 4. During the diurnal variation of soil respiration, there was a significant linear relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature (T) at 10 cm depth. During the growing season, the coefficients of α and β were fluctuated because the net primary productivity (NPP) of maize markedly increased the slope (α) and the biomass (B) markedly influenced the intercept (β) of the linear equation. Thus, the dynamic model of soil respiration was developed. Most of the temporal variability (97%) in soil respiration could be explained by the variations in soil temperature, biomass and NPP of maize defined in the model. However, just taking account into the influence of soil temperature on soil respiration, an exponential equation over- or underestimated the magnitude of soil respiration.

Key words: soil respiration, soil temperature, net primary productivity (NPP), biomass, temporal variation

HAN Guang-Xuan, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, XU Zhen-Zhu, YANG Yang, LIU Jing-Li, SHI Kui-Qiao. RESPONSES OF SOIL RESPIRATION TO THE COORDINATED EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND BIOTIC FACTORS IN A MAIZE FIELD[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2007, 31(3): 363-371.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2007/V31/I3/363

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Seasonal patterns of (A) soil temperature at 10 cm and 20 cm depth, (B) precipitation and soil water content at 10 cm and 20 cm and (C) seasonal variations of averaged shoot biomass, root biomass, total biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) of maize during the growth season in 2005

Fig.2 Diurnal variations of soil respiration on May 4, June 5, June 28, July 28, August 28 and September 22 during the growing season of maize in 2005 Data of soil respiration rate represent means±SE (n=15)

Table 1 Correlation coefficients of soil respiration rate during daytime with soil temperatures (T)

日期 Date	10 cm深度土壤温度 T at 10 cm depth (℃)	20 cm深度土壤温度 T at 20 cm depth (℃)	30 cm深度土壤温度 T at 30 cm depth (℃)
5月4日 May 4	0.976^**	0.475	0.145
6月5日 June 5	0.955^**	0.682^*	0.483
6月28日 June 28	0.980^**	0.976^**	0.826^**
7月28日 July 28	0.979^**	0.923^**	0.693^**
8月28日 August 28	0.986^**	0.842^**	0.695^**
9月22日 September 22	0.929^**	0.877^**	0.427

Fig.3 Relationships between measured soil respiration and the modeled soil respiration (A, B) for all data combined during the growing season in the maize ecosystem, using Equation (5) (A) and Equation (6) (B), respectively. The dotted lines are regression lines, and the other solid lines represent the 95% confidence and prediction levels, respectively

Table 2 Values of coefficients α and β of the equation (SR=αT+β) and corresponding environmental factors including soil temperature (T) at 10 cm depth, soil moisture (W) at 10 cm depth, biomass (B), net primary productivity (NPP) of maize, total carbon (C) and soil nitrogen (N) for each of the six measurement dates during a maize growth season in 2005

日期 Date	SR=αT+β				10 cm深度土壤温度T at 10 cm depth (℃)	10 cm深度土壤湿度W at 10 cm depth (%)	生物量B (g·m^-2)	NPP (g·m^-2·d^-1)	土壤全碳 C (%)	土壤全氮 N (%)
日期 Date	α	β	R²	p	10 cm深度土壤温度T at 10 cm depth (℃)	10 cm深度土壤湿度W at 10 cm depth (%)	生物量B (g·m^-2)	NPP (g·m^-2·d^-1)	土壤全碳 C (%)	土壤全氮 N (%)
5月4日 May 4	0.075 7	-0.061 7	0.95	<0.000 1	18.2	23.6	0.0	0.0	7.84 (0.32)	0.86 (0.05)
6月5日 June 5	0.118 8	-0.642 9	0.91	<0.000 1	23.3	33.1	17.4 (1.5)	0.7 (0.2)	8.61 (0.33)	0.91 (0.05)
6月28日 June 28	0.345 6	-4.776 8	0.96	<0.000 1	25.1	34.8	174.3 (15.8)	21.3 (1.5)	8.44 (0.31)	0.93 (0.02)
7月28日 July 28	0.431 4	-5.740 2	0.96	<0.000 1	24.4	34.7	1034.5 (35.1)	40.6 (3.2)	9.10 (0.12)	1.01 (0.02)
8月28日 August 28	0.194 6	-0.095 7	0.97	<0.000 1	24.1	36.9	2110.1 (51.7)	23.1 (2.2)	7.98 (0.11)	0.70 (0.02)
9月22日 September 22	0.103 6	0.722 1	0.86	<0.000 1	14.8	33.8	2477.2 (53.8)	12.2 (1.4)	8.46 (0.24)	0.70 (0.03)

Fig.4 Seasonal variations of measured and modeled soil respiration during the growth season of maize Symbols represent mean and standard error of soil respiration on every sampling day. The solid line represents Equation (5), and the dotted line is Equation (6)

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