Remote sensing estimation of gross primary productivity and its response to climate change in the upstream of Heihe River Basin

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0253

Abstract

Abstract: AimsQuantifying the gross primary productivity (GPP) of vegetation is of primary interest in studies of global carbon cycle. This study aims to optimize the MODIS GPP model for specific environments of a fragile waterhead ecosystem, by performing simulations of long-term (from 2001 to 2012) GPP with optimized MOD_17 model, and to analyze the response of GPP to the local climatic variations.Methods The original MODIS GPP products that underestimate GPP were validated against two years (2010-2011) of eddy covariance (EC) data at two sites (i.e. an alpine pasture site and a forest site, respectively) in the upstream of Heihe River Basin. Three comparative experiments were then conducted to analyze the effects of input parameters derived from three sources (i.e. meteorological, biome-specific, and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) parameters) on the model behavior. After refining the model-driven parameters, long-term GPPs of the study area were estimated using the optimized MOD_17 model, and the Least Absolute Deviation method was applied to analyze the partial correlations between interannual GPPs and climatic variables (temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit (VPD)). Important findings The uncertainties in the original MODIS GPP products are attributable to biome-specific parameters, input data (e.g. meteorological and radiometry data) and vegetation maps. At the pasture site, the light use efficiency had the strongest impact on the GPP simulations. The refined fPAR calculated from the leaf area index (LAI) products of Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) greatly improved the GPP estimates, especially at the forest site. The GPPs from the optimized MOD_17 model well matched the EC data (R² = 0.90, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 1.114 g C·m^-2·d^-1 at the alpine pasture site; R² = 0.91, RMSE = 0.649 g C·m^-2·d^-1 at the forest site). The time series of GPPs displayed an up trend at an average rate of 9.58 g C·m^-2·a^-1 from 2001 to 2012. Examination of the partial correlations between interannual GPPs and climatic variables showed that the annual mean temperature and VPD generally had significant positive impacts on GPP, and the annual precipitation had a negative impact on GPP.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201601001

Key words: gross primary productivity, MOD_17 model, trend analysis, climatic factors, partial correlation analysis

YAN Min, LI Zeng-Yuan, TIAN Xin, CHEN Er-Xue, GU Cheng-Yan. Remote sensing estimation of gross primary productivity and its response to climate change in the upstream of Heihe River Basin[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(1): 1-12.

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Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 The location and vegetation classification map of the upstream of Heihe River Basin.

Fig. 2 Seasonal variations of the 8-day minimum temperature (Tmin), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at the Arou station.

Fig. 3 Seasonal variations of the 8-day minimum temperature (Tmin), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at the Guantan Station.

Table 1 The lookup table of MOD_17 model

植被类型 Vegetation type	最大光能利用率 Maximum light use efficiency (g·(MJ·APAR)^-1)	最低温度最小值 Lowest minimum temperature, T_minmin (℃)	最低温度最大值 Highest minimum temperature, T_minmax (℃)	饱和水汽压差最大值 Maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPD_max) (Pa)	饱和水汽压差最小值 Minimum vapor pressure deficit (VPD_min) (Pa)
常绿针叶林 Evergreen needle-leaved forest	1.008	-8	8.31	2 500	650
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	1.159	-8	9.09	3 900	1 100
落叶针叶林 Deciduous needle-leaved forest	1.103	-8	10.44	3 100	650
落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	1.044	-8	7.94	2 500	650
混交林 Mixed forest	1.116	-8	8.50	2 500	650
多树草原 Grassy woodland	0.800	-8	11.39	3 100	930
稀树草原 Savanna	0.768	-8	11.39	3 100	650
郁闭灌丛 Closed shrubland	0.888	-8	8.61	3 100	650
开放灌丛 Open shrubland	0.774	-8	8.80	3 600	650
草原 Grassland	0.680	-8	12.02	3 500	650
农田 Cropland	0.680	-8	12.02	4 100	650

Fig. 4 Comparisons between the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (MOD_fPAR) and the Global Land Surface Satellite fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (GLASS_ fPAR) at the Arou Station (A) and the Guantan Station (B).

Fig. 5 Comparisons of original and optimized gross primary productivity products at the Arou Station (A, C) and the Guantan Station (B, D). GPP_EC, eddy covariance measurements; GPP_Default, original MODIS GPP products; GPP_MOD1, GPP_MOD2, and GPP_MOD3 are the three comparative experiments described in the study.

Fig. 6 Maps of the spatial distribution of annual mean gross primary productivity (GPP, g C·m-2·a-1) (A) and the trend of changes (B) between 2001 and 2012.

Fig. 7 The trend of changes in temperature, precipita- tion and vapor pressure deficit between 2001 and 2012.

Fig. 8 The maps of partial correlations between gross primary productivity and climatic factors in the upstream of Heihe River Basin between 2001 and 2012.

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