野生和栽培马蹄金抗旱性比较及其抗旱机制初探

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了鉴别野生和栽培马蹄金(Dichondra repens)的抗旱性,探讨其抗旱适应性的生理机制,对野生和栽培马蹄金进行了土壤水分胁迫处理,系统测定了野生和栽培马蹄金叶片内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、硝酸还原酶的活性和游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$含量以及总DNA片断化程度。结果表明野生和栽培马蹄金在抗旱适应性上存在显著差异。随水分胁迫强度的增加,野生马蹄金叶片内抗氧化酶活性及其升高幅度,渗透调节物质的积累量及积累速度均高于栽培马蹄金,而叶片含水量下降的程度、DNA片断化程度低于栽培马蹄金,其中野生和栽培马蹄金叶片内 ${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$含量,硝酸还原酶的活性变化差异尤其显著,野生马蹄金叶片内的${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$含量、硝酸还原酶的活性明显高于栽培马蹄金,二者最大含量分别相差10和2.2倍。研究结果说明了野生马蹄金对干旱环境的适应性强于栽培品种;在干旱逆境下马蹄金叶片内的${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$含量的变化在一定程度上可能反映了内源NO的变化,内源NO浓度的高低可能是野生和栽培马蹄金不同抗性的真正原因。

关键词: 野生马蹄金, 栽培马蹄金, 抗旱性, 抗氧化酶, 硝酸还原酶, 内源NO, 渗透调节物质, DNA片断化

Abstract:

Aims Dichondra repens is a warm-season lawn substitute that remains green for long periods and reproduces strongly. Dichondra repens forms short, dense cover and is important in conservation of water and soil. It retains its green color during winter to -8 ℃ with only slight leaf browning and is resistant to diseases and heavy metals contamination. Little is known about the drought tolerance of wild and cultivated D. repens. Our objectives were to determine the drought-tolerant characteristics of wild and cultivated D. repens and explore the physiological foundations for drought tolerance in both.
Methods We watered wild and cultivated D. repens every 3, 7 and 15 days from March 1 to May 1, 2004 and made growth and development measurements after water treatment. As soil drought conditions developed, we measured changes in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase activity (POD), nitrate reductase activity, soluble sugar content, free proline content, soluble protein, nitrate and nitrite (${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$) content and DNA fragments of leaves.
Important findings Under drought stress, the content of free proline, soluble sugar and ${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$ in wild and cultivated D. repens leaves was enhanced. Activities of SOD and POD were regulated, protecting leaf cells of wild and cultivated D. repens from oxidative damage caused by drought stress. There were marked differences in drought resistance between the wild and cultivated D. repens. Antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substance content in wild D. repens leaves were higher than in cultivated D. repens leaves, while damage to DNA of wild D. repens was less serious than in cultivated D. repens. ${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$ content and nitrate reductase activity in wild D. repens leaves were significantly higher than in cultivated D. repens. Maximum ${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$ content and nitrate reductase activity in wild D. repens leaves were 10 and 2.2 times larger, respectively, than that in cultivated D. repens leaves. Wild D. repens had more antioxidant response to drought stress than cultivated D. repens. Under drought stress, change of ${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$ content may be associated with endogenous NO concentrations, which probably cause the drought tolerance of wild D. repens to be greater than that of cultivated D. repens.

Key words: cultivated Dichondra repens, wild D. repens, drought-tolerance, antioxidant enzyme, nitrate reductase, endogenous NO, osmotic adjustment substance, DNA fragments

李君, 周守标, 王春景, 李金花. 野生和栽培马蹄金抗旱性比较及其抗旱机制初探. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 521-527. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0065

LI Jun, ZHOU Shou-Biao, WANG Chun-Jing, LI Jin-Hua. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN WILD AND CULTIVATED DICHONDRA REPENS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 521-527. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0065

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0065

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I3/521

图/表 5

表1 水分胁迫对栽培和野生马蹄金生长发育的影响

Table 1 Effects of water stress on growth and development of wild and cultivated Dichondra repens

处理 Treatment	叶片直径 Leaf diameter (cm)	叶片含水量 Leaf water content (%)	色泽¹⁾ Color	处理至第一朵花开放时间 Time from treating to first anthesis (d)
CT1	1.347±0.18^a	84.647±1.44^a	5	36.6
CT2	1.547±0.24^b	82.052±0.62^b	7	33
CT3	0.906±0.15^c	74.532±3.04^c	6	40.1
WT1	1.592±0.23^b	85.769±0.09^a	8	36.6
WT2	1.886±0.27^d	84.862±0.77^a	8	33
WT3	1.526±0.27^b	80.370±0.57^b	7	33

图1 水分胁迫对栽培和野生马蹄金叶片内SOD(a)、POD(b)活性影响

Fig.1 Effects of water stress on activity of SOD (a) and POD (b) in cultivated and wild Dichondra repens CT1、CT2、CT3、WT1、WT2、WT3:见表1 See Table 1

图2 水分胁迫对栽培和野生马蹄金叶片内可溶性糖(a)、游离脯氨酸(b)、可溶性蛋白含量(c)的影响

Fig.2 Effects of water stress on content of soluble sugar (a), free proline (b) and soluble protein (c) in cultivated and wild Dichondra repens CT1、CT2、CT3、WT1、WT2、WT3:见表1 See Table 1

图3 水分胁迫对栽培和野生马蹄金叶片内NR活性(a)、${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$ 含量(b)的影响

Fig.3 Effects of water stress on activity of NR (a) and on content of ${NO_{2}}^{-}$ /${NO_{3}}^{-}$ (b) in leaf of cultivated and wild Dichondra repens CT1、CT2、CT3、WT1、WT2、WT3:见表1 See Table 1

图4 水分胁迫对栽培和野生马蹄金叶片内DNA的损伤

Fig.4 DNA damage of leaves in cultivated and wild Dichondra repens under water stress CT1、CT2、CT3、WT1、WT2、WT3: 见表1 See Table 1 CT4、WT4:超过15 d后浇水的栽培和野生马蹄金 Cultivated and wild D. repens watered ater 15 days respectively

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