根茎克隆植物羊草体内可溶性碳水化合物的时间变异及其对去叶干扰的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究针对根茎型克隆植物羊草(Leymus chinensis)考察了以下内容:1)地上枝条和根茎中可溶性碳水化合物含量的时间动态及其对去叶干扰的响应;2)特定阶段植物体内一定部位的可溶性碳水化合物浓度差异;3)植物体各部分(地上部分、直立茎地下部分及根茎)间可溶性碳水化合物浓度变化之间的关联。基于上述研究结果,作者试图弄清碳水化合物对于羊草克隆分株和整个基株生长和存活的意义。实验共有4个处理:1个对照和3个不同频度(在整个实验进行期间分别去叶1次、3次和5次)的去叶处理。所有去叶处理都采取一个统一的强度,即留茬15 cm。地上枝条和根茎的取样频次为每10 d 1次。植物体各部分可溶性碳水化合物浓度以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定。对不同去叶频度处理间的碳水化合物含量差异显著性进行ANOVA分析。结果表明:不去叶对照处理在生长季盛期可溶性碳水化合物浓度的显著下降归因于植物体快速的生长而引起植物叶片旺盛的呼吸消耗,而去叶处理中植物的可溶性碳水化合物浓度并没有大的降低甚至在最频繁的去叶处理下还有所上升,主要是由于去叶处理减少叶片而造成地上部分总呼吸量下降所致。一次性去叶处理并没有影响植物地上部分最终的可溶性碳水化合物浓度,但是连续数次的去叶处理对地上部分可溶性碳水化合物浓度产生了一定的影响。在秋季气温下降时,碳水化合物自地上向地下的转移在去叶频度越大的处理下表现越为迅速。这表明当植物体接受到气温降低的信号后,去叶干扰加速碳水化合物自地上向地下的转移。可能由于地下枝条存在一定的贮藏功能,在实验过程中地下枝条中可溶性碳水化合物浓度比地上枝条中表现的更加稳定。根茎中的可溶性碳水化合物必要时会转移到地上以供应地上枝条的生长,而旺盛的生长会消耗可溶性碳水化合物,然而自未接受去叶处理的分株向接受去叶处理的分株的克隆整合(常常在较高频次的去叶处理中发生)可能会在一定程度上缓解这种消耗所造成的影响。

关键词: 去叶, 羊草, 贮藏, 可溶性碳水化合物

Abstract:

Aims This study of the rhizomatous clonal grass Leymus chinensis examines: 1) temporal variations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in shoots and rhizomes and their responses to defoliation; 2) WSC concentrations in different plant parts at specific growth stages; 3) links between variations of WSC concentration in aboveground shoots, belowground shoots and rhizomes; and 4) the significance of carbohydrate reserves for the growth and survival of ramets and the whole genet of the plant.
Methods A control (intact) and three treatments as one, three and five defoliations were used in a field experiment. All defoliations left plants 15 cm high. Shoots and rhizomes were sampled in different quadrats every 10 days. WSC carbohydrate concentrations in different plant parts were determined with HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). ANOVA was used to detect differences among treatments in temporal dynamics of WSC contents.
Important findings The marked reduction of WSC concentration in the control in a stage of rapid growth was attributed to higher growth rate and thus higher respiration rate in the carbon metabolism of leaves, while WSC concentrations in defoliation treatments were less reduced or increased under frequent defoliation, mainly due to reduction of total respiration with leaf loss. Single defoliation did not affect the final WSC concentration in aboveground shoots, but successive defoliations did. The more frequent the defoliations, the more rapid the transfer of carbohydrate from aboveground shoots to belowground shoots or rhizomes in response to declining air temperature. WSC concentrations in belowground shoots were slightly more stable than in aboveground shoots, probably because belowground shoots functioned as storage organs for tiller buds and partly for some nutrient or assimilate. WSC in rhizomes must be transported into aboveground shoots to supply them, and intensive growth depletes WSC; however, such depletion can be mitigated when clonal integration in intact neighborhood ramets results in replenishment of defoliated ramets (usually at the frequent defoliation treatment).

Key words: defoliation, Leymus chinensis, storage, water-soluble carbohydrate

王正文. 根茎克隆植物羊草体内可溶性碳水化合物的时间变异及其对去叶干扰的响应. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(4): 673-679. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0087

WANG Zheng-Wen. TEMPORAL VARIATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE IN THE RHIZOME CLONAL GRASS LEYMUS CHINENSIS IN RESPONSE TO DEFOLIATION. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(4): 673-679. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0087

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I4/673

图/表 5

参考文献 27

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Dates	Treatments				Samplings
Dates	D₀	D₁	D₃	D₅	Samplings
Jun. 30					$
Jul. 10		+	+	+	$
Jul. 20				+	#
Jul. 30			+	+	#
Aug. 9				+	#
Aug. 19			+	+	#
Aug. 29					#
Sep. 8					#

Dates	Treatments				Samplings
Dates	D₀	D₁	D₃	D₅	Samplings
Jun. 30					$
Jul. 10		+	+	+	$
Jul. 20				+	#
Jul. 30			+	+	#
Aug. 9				+	#
Aug. 19			+	+	#
Aug. 29					#
Sep. 8					#

[WSC]	Treatments	Sampling dates
[WSC]	Treatments	Jul. 20	Jul. 30	Aug. 9	Aug. 19	Aug. 29	Sep. 8
Aboveground shoots	D₀	18.31±0.65^a	19.84±1.20^a	19.33±1.88^a	18.34±0.83^a	19.56±1.52^a	18.43±0.36^a
	D₁	17.77±1.10^a	13.67±0.88^b	18.04±1.00^a	21.00±0.55^a	19.04±1.08^a	19.85±0.66^a
	D₃	18.82±0.62^a	17.58±1.06^b	18.26±2.93^a	18.86±1.09^a	18.99±1.05^a	16.87±0.32^b
	D₅	17.98±1.38^a	21.49±0.13^c	15.43±0.96^a	18.69±0.69^a	18.84±0.80^a	13.51±0.46^c
Belowground culms	D₀	19.60±0.72^a	22.72±0.86^a	21.01±0.55^a	23.52±1.35^a	18.30±1.88^a	18.67±2.30^a
	D₁	17.71±1.46^a	19.84±1.25^a	19.44±2.53^a	22.17±1.05^a	16.07±0.29^a	19.21±0.19^a
	D₃	20.75±1.11^a	20.60±1.76^a	16.96±0.45^a	21.46±0.61^a	17.21±0.98^a	17.97±1.33^a
	D₅	18.72±1.78^a	18.80±0.99^a	17.50±0.87^a	20.30±1.71^a	19.06±2.17^a	17.45±0.17^a
Rhizomes	D₀	33.37±3.63^a	34.10±3.45^a	26.18±1.21^a	28.44±2.05^a	33.74±1.14^a	34.36±2.94^a
	D₁	31.20±0.87^a	33.17±1.34^a	27.72±3.39^a	31.65±1.31^a	31.37±1.49^a	30.01±0.31^a
	D₃	26.72±1.16^a	33.55±3.40^a	30.13±1.85^a	32.96±1.19^a	35.19±0.57^a	32.91±1.64^a
	D₅	29.96±0.30^a	33.53±3.38^a	32.05±2.41^a	27.84±3.79^a	32.68±3.07^a	31.17±1.23^a

[WSC]	Treatments	Sampling dates
[WSC]	Treatments	Jul. 20	Jul. 30	Aug. 9	Aug. 19	Aug. 29	Sep. 8
Aboveground shoots	D₀	18.31±0.65^a	19.84±1.20^a	19.33±1.88^a	18.34±0.83^a	19.56±1.52^a	18.43±0.36^a
	D₁	17.77±1.10^a	13.67±0.88^b	18.04±1.00^a	21.00±0.55^a	19.04±1.08^a	19.85±0.66^a
	D₃	18.82±0.62^a	17.58±1.06^b	18.26±2.93^a	18.86±1.09^a	18.99±1.05^a	16.87±0.32^b
	D₅	17.98±1.38^a	21.49±0.13^c	15.43±0.96^a	18.69±0.69^a	18.84±0.80^a	13.51±0.46^c
Belowground culms	D₀	19.60±0.72^a	22.72±0.86^a	21.01±0.55^a	23.52±1.35^a	18.30±1.88^a	18.67±2.30^a
	D₁	17.71±1.46^a	19.84±1.25^a	19.44±2.53^a	22.17±1.05^a	16.07±0.29^a	19.21±0.19^a
	D₃	20.75±1.11^a	20.60±1.76^a	16.96±0.45^a	21.46±0.61^a	17.21±0.98^a	17.97±1.33^a
	D₅	18.72±1.78^a	18.80±0.99^a	17.50±0.87^a	20.30±1.71^a	19.06±2.17^a	17.45±0.17^a
Rhizomes	D₀	33.37±3.63^a	34.10±3.45^a	26.18±1.21^a	28.44±2.05^a	33.74±1.14^a	34.36±2.94^a
	D₁	31.20±0.87^a	33.17±1.34^a	27.72±3.39^a	31.65±1.31^a	31.37±1.49^a	30.01±0.31^a
	D₃	26.72±1.16^a	33.55±3.40^a	30.13±1.85^a	32.96±1.19^a	35.19±0.57^a	32.91±1.64^a
	D₅	29.96±0.30^a	33.53±3.38^a	32.05±2.41^a	27.84±3.79^a	32.68±3.07^a	31.17±1.23^a