植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1054-1062.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0133
收稿日期:
2006-01-26
接受日期:
2006-05-31
出版日期:
2007-01-26
发布日期:
2007-11-30
通讯作者:
李晓兵
作者简介:
* E-mail: xbli@irs.bnu.edu.cn基金资助:
LI Xia, LI Xiao-Bing(), CHEN Yun-Hao, YING Ge
Received:
2006-01-26
Accepted:
2006-05-31
Online:
2007-01-26
Published:
2007-11-30
Contact:
LI Xiao-Bing
摘要:
利用1982~1997年的气温、降水和1983~1997年生长季的NOAA/AVHRR的归一化植被指数(Normalized differential vegetation index, NDVI)遥感数据,分析了中国北方温带草原植被生长对气象因子的时滞响应。根据4个时间尺度(1~4个月)和4个时滞期(前0~3个月)将降水数据进行16种组合方式,计算了植被的NDVI与同期及前期(前1~6个月)降水之间的相关系数。同时,计算了植被的NDVI与同期和前一个月气温之间的相关系数。结果表明:1)中国北方温带草原植被的NDVI与同期降水和气温的显著相关。2)植被的NDVI对前一个月降水的时滞响应最强烈,植被的NDVI与当月降水和前两个月降水的累积量相关性最强。3)在生长季的起始阶段,去冬、今春的降水总量对草甸草原植被的生长有重要的作用。在生长季的中期和后期,当月和前一、二个月的降水对典型草原和荒漠草原的植被有显著影响。4)在草甸草原、典型草原区,生长季早期的气温均对植被生长的影响较为显著。在荒漠草原区,气温不仅在生长季初期与植被的NDVI呈现正相关,而且在生长季的中后期,气温与植被的NDVI呈现负相关性。
李霞, 李晓兵, 陈云浩, 莺歌. 中国北方草原植被对气象因子的时滞响应. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1054-1062. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0133
LI Xia, LI Xiao-Bing, CHEN Yun-Hao, YING Ge. TEMPORAL RESPONSES OF VEGETATION TO CLIMATE VARIABLES IN TEMPERATE STEPPE OF NORTHERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6): 1054-1062. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0133
草原类型 Steppe types | 站点名称 Names of sites | 经度(E) Longitude | 纬度(N) Latitude | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 站点1 | 海拉尔 | 119°45' | 49°13' | ||||||||||||||
Site 1 | Hailaer | |||||||||||||||||
站点2 | 西乌珠穆沁旗 | 117°36' | 44°35' | |||||||||||||||
Site 2 | Xiwuzhumuqinqi | |||||||||||||||||
典型草原 Typical steppe | 站点3 | 新巴尔虎左旗 | 118°16' | 48°13' | ||||||||||||||
Site 3 | Xinbaerhuzuoqi | |||||||||||||||||
站点4 | 满洲里 | 117°26' | 49°34' | |||||||||||||||
Site 4 | Manzhouli | |||||||||||||||||
站点5 | 东乌珠穆沁旗 | 116°58' | 45°31' | |||||||||||||||
Site 5 | Dongwuzhumuqinqi | |||||||||||||||||
站点6 | 新巴尔虎右旗 | 116°49' | 48°40' | |||||||||||||||
Site 6 | Xinbaerhuyouqi | |||||||||||||||||
站点7 | 锡林浩特 | 116°04' | 43°57' | |||||||||||||||
Site 7 | Xilinhot | |||||||||||||||||
站点8 | 阿巴嘎旗 | 114°57' | 44°01' | |||||||||||||||
Site 8 | Abagaqi | |||||||||||||||||
荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 站点9 | 那仁宝力格 | 114°09' | 44°37' | ||||||||||||||
Site 9 | Narenbaolige | |||||||||||||||||
站点10 | 朱日和 | 112°54' | 42°24' | |||||||||||||||
Site 10 | Zhurihe | |||||||||||||||||
站点11 | 二连浩特 | 111°58' | 43°39' | |||||||||||||||
Site 11 | Erlianhot | |||||||||||||||||
站点12 | 满都拉 | 110°08' | 42°32' | |||||||||||||||
Site 12 | Mandula |
表1 各种草原类型对应的气象站点位置
Table 1 Location of weather stations corresponding to different steppe types
草原类型 Steppe types | 站点名称 Names of sites | 经度(E) Longitude | 纬度(N) Latitude | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 站点1 | 海拉尔 | 119°45' | 49°13' | ||||||||||||||
Site 1 | Hailaer | |||||||||||||||||
站点2 | 西乌珠穆沁旗 | 117°36' | 44°35' | |||||||||||||||
Site 2 | Xiwuzhumuqinqi | |||||||||||||||||
典型草原 Typical steppe | 站点3 | 新巴尔虎左旗 | 118°16' | 48°13' | ||||||||||||||
Site 3 | Xinbaerhuzuoqi | |||||||||||||||||
站点4 | 满洲里 | 117°26' | 49°34' | |||||||||||||||
Site 4 | Manzhouli | |||||||||||||||||
站点5 | 东乌珠穆沁旗 | 116°58' | 45°31' | |||||||||||||||
Site 5 | Dongwuzhumuqinqi | |||||||||||||||||
站点6 | 新巴尔虎右旗 | 116°49' | 48°40' | |||||||||||||||
Site 6 | Xinbaerhuyouqi | |||||||||||||||||
站点7 | 锡林浩特 | 116°04' | 43°57' | |||||||||||||||
Site 7 | Xilinhot | |||||||||||||||||
站点8 | 阿巴嘎旗 | 114°57' | 44°01' | |||||||||||||||
Site 8 | Abagaqi | |||||||||||||||||
荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 站点9 | 那仁宝力格 | 114°09' | 44°37' | ||||||||||||||
Site 9 | Narenbaolige | |||||||||||||||||
站点10 | 朱日和 | 112°54' | 42°24' | |||||||||||||||
Site 10 | Zhurihe | |||||||||||||||||
站点11 | 二连浩特 | 111°58' | 43°39' | |||||||||||||||
Site 11 | Erlianhot | |||||||||||||||||
站点12 | 满都拉 | 110°08' | 42°32' | |||||||||||||||
Site 12 | Mandula |
时段 Duration | |||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
0 | 0~1 | 0~2 | 0~3 |
1 | 1~2 | 1~3 | 1~4 |
2 | 2~3 | 2~4 | 2~5 |
3 | 3~4 | 3~5 | 3~6 |
表2 降水的组合方式(4个时间尺度×4个时滞期)
Table 2 The combinations of precipitation (4 time durations×4 time lags)
时段 Duration | |||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
0 | 0~1 | 0~2 | 0~3 |
1 | 1~2 | 1~3 | 1~4 |
2 | 2~3 | 2~4 | 2~5 |
3 | 3~4 | 3~5 | 3~6 |
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 所有草原类型 All steppe types | |
---|---|---|---|---|
降水 Precipitation | 0.60*** | 0.41*** | 0.38*** | 0.50*** |
气温 Temperature | 0.62*** | 0.54*** | 0.41*** | 0.41*** |
表3 归一化植被指数(NDVI)与同期降水、气温相关系数
Table 3 Correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and concurrent precipitation and temperature
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 所有草原类型 All steppe types | |
---|---|---|---|---|
降水 Precipitation | 0.60*** | 0.41*** | 0.38*** | 0.50*** |
气温 Temperature | 0.62*** | 0.54*** | 0.41*** | 0.41*** |
时段 Duration | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.61* | 0.56*** | 0.30 |
1 | 0.68* | 0.63*** | 0.71*** |
2 | 0.50 | 0.62*** | 0.61** |
3 | 0.38 | 0.53** | 0.55** |
0~1 | 0.76** | 0.76*** | 0.73*** |
1~2 | 0.73* | 0.72*** | 0.65*** |
2~3 | 0.48 | 0.62*** | 0.63** |
3~4 | 0.37 | 0.55** | 0.57** |
0~2 | 0.79** | 0.78*** | 0.75*** |
1~3 | 0.68* | 0.60*** | 0.72*** |
2~4 | 0.46 | 0.62*** | 0.63** |
3~5 | 0.33 | 0.52* | 0.56** |
0~3 | 0.73* | 0.76*** | 0.74*** |
1~4 | 0.65* | 0.69*** | 0.72*** |
2~5 | 0.44 | 0.62*** | 0.64** |
3~6 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.43* |
表4 生长季内归一化植被指数(NDVI)与降水的相关系数
Table 4 Within-growing season correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation
时段 Duration | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.61* | 0.56*** | 0.30 |
1 | 0.68* | 0.63*** | 0.71*** |
2 | 0.50 | 0.62*** | 0.61** |
3 | 0.38 | 0.53** | 0.55** |
0~1 | 0.76** | 0.76*** | 0.73*** |
1~2 | 0.73* | 0.72*** | 0.65*** |
2~3 | 0.48 | 0.62*** | 0.63** |
3~4 | 0.37 | 0.55** | 0.57** |
0~2 | 0.79** | 0.78*** | 0.75*** |
1~3 | 0.68* | 0.60*** | 0.72*** |
2~4 | 0.46 | 0.62*** | 0.63** |
3~5 | 0.33 | 0.52* | 0.56** |
0~3 | 0.73* | 0.76*** | 0.74*** |
1~4 | 0.65* | 0.69*** | 0.72*** |
2~5 | 0.44 | 0.62*** | 0.64** |
3~6 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 0.43* |
年 Year | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
时段 Duration | 相关系数 r-value | 时段 Duration | 相关系数 r-value | 时段 Duration | 相关系数 r-value | |
1983 | 0~1 | 0.82** | 0~2 | 0.83*** | 0~3 | 0.84*** |
1984 | 0~2 | 0.73* | 0~2 | 0.86*** | 0~1 | 0.73*** |
1985 | 0~2 | 0.81** | 0~1 | 0.88*** | 0~1 | 0.61** |
1986 | 0~1 | 0.58 | 0~2 | 0.73*** | 0 | 0.50* |
1987 | 0~1 | 0.79** | 0~2 | 0.81*** | 0~2 | 0.88*** |
1988 | 0~1 | 0.88** | 0~1 | 0.90*** | 1~3 | 0.75*** |
1989 | 0~2 | 0.85** | 0~2 | 0.92*** | 0~2 | 0.64** |
1990 | 0~2 | 0.88** | 0~3 | 0.87*** | 0~3 | 0.80*** |
1991 | 0~3 | 0.88** | 0~1 | 0.75*** | 0~1 | 0.81*** |
1992 | 0~3 | 0.81** | 0~2 | 0.87*** | 0~3 | 0.84*** |
1993 | 0~2 | 0.86** | 0~2 | 0.84*** | 0~2 | 0.88*** |
1994 | 0~1 | 0.84** | 0~2 | 0.82*** | 1~3 | 0.87*** |
1995 | 0~2 | 0.85** | 0~2 | 0.72*** | 0~2 | 0.76*** |
1996 | 0~2 | 0.79** | 0~3 | 0.79*** | 0~3 | 0.86*** |
1997 | 0~2 | 0.76** | 3~6 | 0.59*** | 0~2 | 0.55** |
表5 生长季内归一化植被指数(NDVI)与降水相关系数最大值及对应时段
Table 5 Maximum within-growing season correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation and corresponding duration
年 Year | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
时段 Duration | 相关系数 r-value | 时段 Duration | 相关系数 r-value | 时段 Duration | 相关系数 r-value | |
1983 | 0~1 | 0.82** | 0~2 | 0.83*** | 0~3 | 0.84*** |
1984 | 0~2 | 0.73* | 0~2 | 0.86*** | 0~1 | 0.73*** |
1985 | 0~2 | 0.81** | 0~1 | 0.88*** | 0~1 | 0.61** |
1986 | 0~1 | 0.58 | 0~2 | 0.73*** | 0 | 0.50* |
1987 | 0~1 | 0.79** | 0~2 | 0.81*** | 0~2 | 0.88*** |
1988 | 0~1 | 0.88** | 0~1 | 0.90*** | 1~3 | 0.75*** |
1989 | 0~2 | 0.85** | 0~2 | 0.92*** | 0~2 | 0.64** |
1990 | 0~2 | 0.88** | 0~3 | 0.87*** | 0~3 | 0.80*** |
1991 | 0~3 | 0.88** | 0~1 | 0.75*** | 0~1 | 0.81*** |
1992 | 0~3 | 0.81** | 0~2 | 0.87*** | 0~3 | 0.84*** |
1993 | 0~2 | 0.86** | 0~2 | 0.84*** | 0~2 | 0.88*** |
1994 | 0~1 | 0.84** | 0~2 | 0.82*** | 1~3 | 0.87*** |
1995 | 0~2 | 0.85** | 0~2 | 0.72*** | 0~2 | 0.76*** |
1996 | 0~2 | 0.79** | 0~3 | 0.79*** | 0~3 | 0.86*** |
1997 | 0~2 | 0.76** | 3~6 | 0.59*** | 0~2 | 0.55** |
时段 Duration | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.06 | 0.20* | 0.21 |
1 | 0.20 | 0.24* | 0.39** |
2 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
3 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
0~1 | 0.21 | 0.29** | 0.40** |
1~2 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.38** |
2~3 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
3~4 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
0~2 | 0.19 | 0.27* | 0.40** |
1~3 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.30* |
2~4 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
3~5 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
0~3 | 0.22 | 0.25* | 0.37** |
1~4 | 0.16 | 0.23* | 0.33** |
2~5 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
3~6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.04 |
表6 生长季间归一化植被指数(NDVI)与降水的相关系数表
Table 6 Cross-growing season correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation
时段 Duration | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0.06 | 0.20* | 0.21 |
1 | 0.20 | 0.24* | 0.39** |
2 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
3 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
0~1 | 0.21 | 0.29** | 0.40** |
1~2 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.38** |
2~3 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
3~4 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
0~2 | 0.19 | 0.27* | 0.40** |
1~3 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.30* |
2~4 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
3~5 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
0~3 | 0.22 | 0.25* | 0.37** |
1~4 | 0.16 | 0.23* | 0.33** |
2~5 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.13 |
3~6 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.04 |
4月 April | 5月 May | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 9月 September | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 时段 Duration | 2~4 | 3~5 | 1 | 0~2 | 1 | 1 |
相关系数r-value | 0.50** | 0.57** | 0.36 | 0.53** | 0.38 | 0.34 | |
典型草原 Typical steppe | 时段 Duration | 2~4 | 0~1 | 0~1 | 1 | 0 | 0~1 |
相关系数r-value | 0.15 | 0.24* | 0.46*** | 0.35** | 0.26* | 0.43** | |
荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 时段Duration | 3~5 | 0~2 | 0~3 | 1 | 0~2 | 0~2 |
相关系数r-value | 0.10 | 0.28* | 0.57*** | 0.49** | 0.54*** | 0.56*** |
表7 生长季间归一化植被指数(NDVI)与降水相关系数最大值及对应时段
Table 7 Maximum cross-growing season correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and precipitation and corresponding duration
4月 April | 5月 May | 6月 June | 7月 July | 8月 August | 9月 September | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 时段 Duration | 2~4 | 3~5 | 1 | 0~2 | 1 | 1 |
相关系数r-value | 0.50** | 0.57** | 0.36 | 0.53** | 0.38 | 0.34 | |
典型草原 Typical steppe | 时段 Duration | 2~4 | 0~1 | 0~1 | 1 | 0 | 0~1 |
相关系数r-value | 0.15 | 0.24* | 0.46*** | 0.35** | 0.26* | 0.43** | |
荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 时段Duration | 3~5 | 0~2 | 0~3 | 1 | 0~2 | 0~2 |
相关系数r-value | 0.10 | 0.28* | 0.57*** | 0.49** | 0.54*** | 0.56*** |
草原类型 Steppe types | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
---|---|---|---|
当月气温Concurrent temperature | 0.66* | 0.56*** | 0.31* |
前1个月气温Previous month temperature | 0.84** | 0.75*** | 0.05 |
表8 生长季内归一化植被指数(NDVI)与气温相关系数
Table 8 Within-growing season correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and temperature
草原类型 Steppe types | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe |
---|---|---|---|
当月气温Concurrent temperature | 0.66* | 0.56*** | 0.31* |
前1个月气温Previous month temperature | 0.84** | 0.75*** | 0.05 |
月份 Month | 当月气温 Concurrent temperature | 前一月气温 Previous month temperature | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | |
4月 April | 0.33* | 0.24* | 0.36** | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.01 |
5月 May | 0.27 | -0.01 | -0.12 | 0.05 | -0.06 | 0.06 |
6月 June | 0.24 | 0.01 | -0.30 | 0.09 | -0.04 | -0.16 |
7月 July | 0.21 | 0.13 | -0.32* | 0.17 | 0.16 | -0.21 |
8月 August | 0.07 | 0.12 | -0.42** | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
9月 September | 0.17 | 0.14 | -0.05 | 0.20 | 0.13 | -0.03 |
表9 生长季间归一化植被指数(NDVI)与气温相关系数
Table 9 Cross-growing season correlation coefficients between normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and temperature
月份 Month | 当月气温 Concurrent temperature | 前一月气温 Previous month temperature | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | 草甸草原 Meadow steppe | 典型草原 Typical steppe | 荒漠草原 Desert steppe | |
4月 April | 0.33* | 0.24* | 0.36** | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.01 |
5月 May | 0.27 | -0.01 | -0.12 | 0.05 | -0.06 | 0.06 |
6月 June | 0.24 | 0.01 | -0.30 | 0.09 | -0.04 | -0.16 |
7月 July | 0.21 | 0.13 | -0.32* | 0.17 | 0.16 | -0.21 |
8月 August | 0.07 | 0.12 | -0.42** | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
9月 September | 0.17 | 0.14 | -0.05 | 0.20 | 0.13 | -0.03 |
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