植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 867-877.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083
所属专题: 青藏高原植物生态学:生态系统生态学; 生物多样性
潘石玉1, 孔彬彬1, 姚天华1, 卫欣华1, 李英年2, 朱志红1,*()
收稿日期:
2015-05-25
接受日期:
2015-08-13
出版日期:
2015-09-03
发布日期:
2015-09-23
通讯作者:
朱志红
作者简介:
* 共同第一作者 Co-first author
基金资助:
PAN Shi-Yu1, KONG Bin-Bin1, YAO Tian-Hua1, WEI Xin-Hua1, LI Ying-Nian2, ZHU Zhi-Hong1,*()
Received:
2015-05-25
Accepted:
2015-08-13
Online:
2015-09-03
Published:
2015-09-23
Contact:
Zhi-Hong ZHU
About author:
# Co-first authors
摘要:
功能多样性(FD)对群落地上净初级生产力(ANPP, g·m-2·a-1)有直接的影响, 但不同扰动因素对FD-ANPP关系将产生何种影响尚不明确。通过在青藏高原高寒矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸连续7年(2007-2013)的刈割(3水平: 不刈割、留茬3 cm的中度刈割和留茬1 cm的重度刈割)和施肥(2水平: 施用12.75 g·m-2·a-1尿素+ 3.06 g·m-2·a-1 (NH4)2HPO4、不施肥)控制实验, 研究了刈割、施肥、年份及其交互作用对ANPP和FD的影响以及FD-ANPP关系的变化。研究结果显示: (1)增加刈割强度和土壤养分均显著提高了ANPP, 但其效应随着年份的不同而有差异, ANPP随着时间呈波动下降趋势, 而FD则随年度增大; (2)施肥显著增加了FD, 而刈割对FD无显著影响(p > 0.05); (3)在6种刈割和施肥处理组合下, FD-ANPP关系随时间的变化主要受刈割扰动影响呈现正线性相关和无相关两种模式。无论施肥与否, 不刈割(C0)群落中FD和ANPP之间无相关(n = 90, p > 0.05); 而刈割群落中FD和ANPP之间为正相关(n = 90, p < 0.05)。由于刈割同时提高了FD和ANPP, 促使二者在刈割群落中呈现正线性相关。(4)尽管施肥不影响FD和ANPP的关系模式, 但与刈割共同作用, 影响FD-ANPP关系的截距或斜率。上述结果说明, 刈割扰动和土壤营养资源共同影响着FD-ANPP关系, 而刈割在改变其关系模式方面起主导作用。
潘石玉, 孔彬彬, 姚天华, 卫欣华, 李英年, 朱志红. 刈割和施肥对高寒草甸功能多样性与地上净初级生产力关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(9): 867-877. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083
PAN Shi-Yu,KONG Bin-Bin,YAO Tian-Hua,WEI Xin-Hua,LI Ying-Nian,ZHU Zhi-Hong. Effects of clipping and fertilizing on the relationship between functional diversity and aboveground net primary productivity in an alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(9): 867-877. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083
性状类型 Trait types | 性状名称 Trait names | 性状状态/性状值 Trait states/Trait value |
---|---|---|
定性性状 Qualitative trait | 生活周期 Life cycle 生长型 Growth form 分类群 Taxonomic group 子叶类型 Cotyledon type | 非多年生 Not perennial; 多年生 Perennial 散生 Scattered; 丛生 Bunched; 密丛生 Closely bunched 禾草 Gramineae; 莎草 Cyperaceae; 豆科植物 Leguminosae; 杂类草 Forbs 单子叶 Monocotyledon; 双子叶 Dicotyledon |
定量性状 Quantitative trait | 株高 Plant height | 标准化实测值 Standardization of measured values |
表1 计算功能多样性指数的功能性状及其分类状态
Table 1 Plant functional traits and their categories for calculating functional diversity
性状类型 Trait types | 性状名称 Trait names | 性状状态/性状值 Trait states/Trait value |
---|---|---|
定性性状 Qualitative trait | 生活周期 Life cycle 生长型 Growth form 分类群 Taxonomic group 子叶类型 Cotyledon type | 非多年生 Not perennial; 多年生 Perennial 散生 Scattered; 丛生 Bunched; 密丛生 Closely bunched 禾草 Gramineae; 莎草 Cyperaceae; 豆科植物 Leguminosae; 杂类草 Forbs 单子叶 Monocotyledon; 双子叶 Dicotyledon |
定量性状 Quantitative trait | 株高 Plant height | 标准化实测值 Standardization of measured values |
变异来源 Source of variance | 自由度 df (m, n) | ANPP | FD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F 检验 F-test | p | F 检验 F-test | p | ||||
主区 Whole plot | B C Y Y × C | 2, 28 2, 28 4, 28 8, 28 | 1.09 4.04 82.90 15.41 | 0.349 0.029** 0.000** 0.000** | 1.780 1.840 41.450 0.690 | 0.187 0.178 0.000** 0.697 | |
副区 Subplot | F C × F Y × F Y × C × F Y × C × B | 1, 30 2, 30 4, 30 8, 30 28, 30 | 375.75 2.37 6.46 3.18 1.58 | 0.000** 0.111 0.001** 0.010* 0.110 | 36.720 1.870 3.190 0.470 2.361 | 0.000** 0.172 0.027* 0.869 0.011* |
表2 2009-2013年施肥、刈割对高寒草甸地上净初级生产力和功能多样性影响的方差分析
Table 2 ANOVA for the effects of clipping, fertilizing on the aboveground net primary productivity and functional diversity in alpine meadow during 2009- 2013
变异来源 Source of variance | 自由度 df (m, n) | ANPP | FD | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F 检验 F-test | p | F 检验 F-test | p | ||||
主区 Whole plot | B C Y Y × C | 2, 28 2, 28 4, 28 8, 28 | 1.09 4.04 82.90 15.41 | 0.349 0.029** 0.000** 0.000** | 1.780 1.840 41.450 0.690 | 0.187 0.178 0.000** 0.697 | |
副区 Subplot | F C × F Y × F Y × C × F Y × C × B | 1, 30 2, 30 4, 30 8, 30 28, 30 | 375.75 2.37 6.46 3.18 1.58 | 0.000** 0.111 0.001** 0.010* 0.110 | 36.720 1.870 3.190 0.470 2.361 | 0.000** 0.172 0.027* 0.869 0.011* |
图2 刈割、施肥和年份对地上净初级生产力的影响(平均值±标准误差)。C0、C1、C2、F和NF分别表示不刈割、中度刈割、重度刈割、施肥和不施肥处理。标准误差上方相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05), 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Effects of clipping, fertilizing and year on the aboveground net primary productivity (mean ± SE). C0, C1, C2, F and NF indicate no clipping, moderate clipping, heavy clipping, fertilizing and no fertilizing. The same letter above error bars indicates no difference among treatments (p > 0.05), and different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).
图3 2009-2013年刈割和施肥对地上净初级生产力的影响(平均值±标准误差)。标准误差上方相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05), 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Effects of clipping and fertilizing on aboveground net primary productivity during 2009-2013 (mean ± SE). The same letter above error bars indicates no difference among treatments (p > 0.05), and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).
图4 刈割、施肥和年份对功能多样性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。C0、C1、C2、F和NF分别表示不刈割、中度刈割、重度刈割、施肥和不施肥处理。标准误差上方相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05), 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 4 Effects of clipping, fertilizing and year on the functional diversity (mean ± SE). C0, C1, C2, F and NF indicate no clipping, moderate clipping, heavy clipping, fertilizing and no fertilizing. The same letter above error bars indicates no difference among treatments, and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).
图5 2009-2013年施肥对功能多样性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。F, 施肥; NF, 不施肥。不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 5 Effects of fertilizing on functional diversity during 2009-2013 (mean ± SE). F, fertilizing; NF, no fertilizing. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).
图6 2009-2013年刈割和施肥组合梯度中功能多样性和地上净初级生产力的关系(对数尺度)(p < 0.05)。C0、C1、C2、F、NF同图2。
Fig. 6 Relationships between functional diversity and aboveground net primary productivity (logarithmic scale) in different gradients of clipping and fertilizing treatments (p < 0.05). C0, C1, C2, F, NF see Fig. 2.
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