刈割和施肥对高寒草甸功能多样性与地上净初级生产力关系的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 867-877.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：生态系统生态学；生物多样性

刈割和施肥对高寒草甸功能多样性与地上净初级生产力关系的影响

潘石玉¹, 孔彬彬¹, 姚天华¹, 卫欣华¹, 李英年², 朱志红^1,^*()

¹陕西师范大学生命科学学院, 西安 710119
²中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810008

收稿日期:2015-05-25 接受日期:2015-08-13 出版日期:2015-09-03 发布日期:2015-09-23
通讯作者: 朱志红
作者简介:
* 共同第一作者 Co-first author
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31570425)

Effects of clipping and fertilizing on the relationship between functional diversity and aboveground net primary productivity in an alpine meadow

PAN Shi-Yu¹, KONG Bin-Bin¹, YAO Tian-Hua¹, WEI Xin-Hua¹, LI Ying-Nian², ZHU Zhi-Hong^1,^*()

¹College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
²Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China

Received:2015-05-25 Accepted:2015-08-13 Online:2015-09-03 Published:2015-09-23
Contact: Zhi-Hong ZHU
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

功能多样性(FD)对群落地上净初级生产力(ANPP, g·m^-2·a^-1)有直接的影响, 但不同扰动因素对FD-ANPP关系将产生何种影响尚不明确。通过在青藏高原高寒矮生嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸连续7年(2007-2013)的刈割(3水平: 不刈割、留茬3 cm的中度刈割和留茬1 cm的重度刈割)和施肥(2水平: 施用12.75 g·m^-2·a^-1尿素+ 3.06 g·m^-2·a^-1 (NH₄)₂HPO₄、不施肥)控制实验, 研究了刈割、施肥、年份及其交互作用对ANPP和FD的影响以及FD-ANPP关系的变化。研究结果显示: (1)增加刈割强度和土壤养分均显著提高了ANPP, 但其效应随着年份的不同而有差异, ANPP随着时间呈波动下降趋势, 而FD则随年度增大; (2)施肥显著增加了FD, 而刈割对FD无显著影响(p > 0.05); (3)在6种刈割和施肥处理组合下, FD-ANPP关系随时间的变化主要受刈割扰动影响呈现正线性相关和无相关两种模式。无论施肥与否, 不刈割(C0)群落中FD和ANPP之间无相关(n = 90, p > 0.05); 而刈割群落中FD和ANPP之间为正相关(n = 90, p < 0.05)。由于刈割同时提高了FD和ANPP, 促使二者在刈割群落中呈现正线性相关。(4)尽管施肥不影响FD和ANPP的关系模式, 但与刈割共同作用, 影响FD-ANPP关系的截距或斜率。上述结果说明, 刈割扰动和土壤营养资源共同影响着FD-ANPP关系, 而刈割在改变其关系模式方面起主导作用。

关键词: 功能多样性, 地上净初级生产力, 刈割, 施肥

Abstract: Aims

Much attention has been paid for the relationship between species diversity (SD) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, the effect of functional diversity (FD) on ANPP was more straightforward. Most researchers considered SD or FD as an independent variable to study the relationship between biodiversity and ANPP. In fact, the relationship may be affected by abiotic factors. Our objective was to study how different disturbance factors affect the relationship of FD-ANPP.

Methods

The experiment was conducted in the alpine Kobresia humilis meadow at Haibei Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with clipping (unclipping, stubbled 3 cm and 1 cm) and fertilizing (12.75 g·m^-2·a^-1urea + 3.06 g·m^-2·a^-1 (NH₄)₂HPO₄) treatments from 2007 to 2013. General linear model univariate ANOVA, regression analysis and ANCOVA were used for studying the effects of clipping, fertilizing, year and their interaction on ANPP and FD and the change of relationship of FD-ANPP.

Important findings

ANPP was enhanced by increasing clipping intensity and soil nutrient extremely significantly (p < 0.01). However, the effect extent was different in each year. ANPP presented a fluctuant downward trend year-to-year while FD increased along time. FD was increased by fertilizing significantly (p < 0.05), while the effect of clipping on FD was not significant (p > 0.05). Under the six kinds of treatment combinations of clipping and fertilizing, the relationship of FD-ANPP presented two patterns including linear positive correlation and no correlation mainly depending on clipping. No matter the community was fertilized or not, in the unclipped community, FD showed no correlation with ANPP (n = 90, p > 0.05). However, in the clipped community, clipping increased FD and ANPP in the same time, which facilitated them showing linear positive correlation. Fertilizing cannot affect the pattern of relationship of FD-ANPP, but the slope and intercept of equations of relationship were influenced by fertilizing and clipping. The results suggested that the relationship of FD-ANPP was influenced by clipping and fertilizing jointly, while clipping plays a leading role in changing their relationship patterns.

Key words: functional diversity, aboveground net primary productivity, clipping, fertilizing

潘石玉, 孔彬彬, 姚天华, 卫欣华, 李英年, 朱志红. 刈割和施肥对高寒草甸功能多样性与地上净初级生产力关系的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(9): 867-877. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083

PAN Shi-Yu,KONG Bin-Bin,YAO Tian-Hua,WEI Xin-Hua,LI Ying-Nian,ZHU Zhi-Hong. Effects of clipping and fertilizing on the relationship between functional diversity and aboveground net primary productivity in an alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(9): 867-877. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0083

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I9/867

图/表 8

图1 副区处理样方设置图。F, 施肥; NF, 不施肥。

Fig. 1 Quadrats design layout of subplot. F, fertilized; NF, unfertilized.

表1 计算功能多样性指数的功能性状及其分类状态

Table 1 Plant functional traits and their categories for calculating functional diversity

性状类型 Trait types	性状名称 Trait names	性状状态/性状值 Trait states/Trait value
定性性状 Qualitative trait	生活周期 Life cycle 生长型 Growth form 分类群 Taxonomic group 子叶类型 Cotyledon type	非多年生 Not perennial; 多年生 Perennial 散生 Scattered; 丛生 Bunched; 密丛生 Closely bunched 禾草 Gramineae; 莎草 Cyperaceae; 豆科植物 Leguminosae; 杂类草 Forbs 单子叶 Monocotyledon; 双子叶 Dicotyledon
定量性状 Quantitative trait	株高 Plant height	标准化实测值 Standardization of measured values

表2 2009-2013年施肥、刈割对高寒草甸地上净初级生产力和功能多样性影响的方差分析

Table 2 ANOVA for the effects of clipping, fertilizing on the aboveground net primary productivity and functional diversity in alpine meadow during 2009- 2013

变异来源 Source of variance		自由度 df (m, n)	ANPP		FD
变异来源 Source of variance		自由度 df (m, n)	F 检验 F-test	p	F 检验 F-test	p
主区 Whole plot	B C Y Y × C	2, 28 2, 28 4, 28 8, 28	1.09 4.04 82.90 15.41	0.349 0.029^ 0.000^ 0.000^**	1.780 1.840 41.450 0.690	0.187 0.178 0.000^** 0.697
副区 Subplot	F C × F Y × F Y × C × F Y × C × B	1, 30 2, 30 4, 30 8, 30 28, 30	375.75 2.37 6.46 3.18 1.58	0.000^ 0.111 0.001^ 0.010^* 0.110	36.720 1.870 3.190 0.470 2.361	0.000^** 0.172 0.027^* 0.869 0.011^*

图2 刈割、施肥和年份对地上净初级生产力的影响(平均值±标准误差)。C0、C1、C2、F和NF分别表示不刈割、中度刈割、重度刈割、施肥和不施肥处理。标准误差上方相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05), 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of clipping, fertilizing and year on the aboveground net primary productivity (mean ± SE). C0, C1, C2, F and NF indicate no clipping, moderate clipping, heavy clipping, fertilizing and no fertilizing. The same letter above error bars indicates no difference among treatments (p > 0.05), and different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 2009-2013年刈割和施肥对地上净初级生产力的影响(平均值±标准误差)。标准误差上方相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05), 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of clipping and fertilizing on aboveground net primary productivity during 2009-2013 (mean ± SE). The same letter above error bars indicates no difference among treatments (p > 0.05), and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 刈割、施肥和年份对功能多样性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。C0、C1、C2、F和NF分别表示不刈割、中度刈割、重度刈割、施肥和不施肥处理。标准误差上方相同的字母表示处理间差异不显著(p > 0.05), 不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of clipping, fertilizing and year on the functional diversity (mean ± SE). C0, C1, C2, F and NF indicate no clipping, moderate clipping, heavy clipping, fertilizing and no fertilizing. The same letter above error bars indicates no difference among treatments, and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

图5 2009-2013年施肥对功能多样性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。F, 施肥; NF, 不施肥。不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of fertilizing on functional diversity during 2009-2013 (mean ± SE). F, fertilizing; NF, no fertilizing. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05).

图6 2009-2013年刈割和施肥组合梯度中功能多样性和地上净初级生产力的关系(对数尺度)(p < 0.05)。C0、C1、C2、F、NF同图2。

Fig. 6 Relationships between functional diversity and aboveground net primary productivity (logarithmic scale) in different gradients of clipping and fertilizing treatments (p < 0.05). C0, C1, C2, F, NF see Fig. 2.

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刈割和施肥对高寒草甸功能多样性与地上净初级生产力关系的影响

Effects of clipping and fertilizing on the relationship between functional diversity and aboveground net primary productivity in an alpine meadow

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