海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林物种多样性空间分布格局的尺度效应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0400

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

物种多样性的空间分布格局和维持机制是群落生态学的基本问题。为了探讨海南尖峰岭地区物种多样性空间分布格局的尺度效应, 以海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林60 hm²样地为研究对象, 分析了物种丰富度、物种多度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数以及Pielou均匀度指数随6个空间取样尺度(5 m × 5 m、10 m × 10 m、20 m × 20 m、40 m × 40 m、100 m ×100 m、200 m × 200 m)的变化。结果表明: 相比Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数, 物种丰富度、多度以及Shannon-Wiener指数具有更为明显的空间尺度效应; 物种丰富度的方差随取样尺度增加呈现单峰分布特征, 并且在20 m × 20 m尺度上达到最大值, 而物种多度的方差随取样尺度的增加而增大; 物种丰富度和多度的正相关性随着取样尺度的增加逐渐减小甚至消失, 这可能与随取样尺度增加生境异质性增加有关; 取样尺度对3个物种多样性指数空间分布的影响可能与研究区域内稀有种的组成有关。

关键词: 海南, 尖峰岭, 热带山地雨林, 物种多样性, 取样尺度, 空间分布格局

Abstract:

Aims Spatial distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of species diversity are fundamental issues in community ecology. The objectives of this study are to assess the species diversity patterns at the different spatial scales in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China.
Methods Based on the dataset from the 60 hm²plot in the tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, the spatial distribution patterns of species richness, species abundance, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson and Pielou’s evenness indices were analyzed at six spatial scales, including 5 m × 5 m, 10 m × 10 m, 20 m × 20 m, 40 m × 40 m, 100 m × 100 m, and 200 m × 200 m, respectively.Important findings
Results showed that spatial distribution patterns of species richness, species abundance and Shannon-Wiener index were much more obviously changed with the spatial scales than Simpson and Pielou’s evenness indices. Change of variance of the species richness with the increase of spatial scales was unimodal, which had the maximum value at the 20 m × 20 m scale. Variance of the species abundance showed a linear relationship with the increase of spatial scales. The positive relationship between species richness and abundance gradually decreased and even disappeared with the increase of sampling scales, which may be correlated with the increase of habitat heterogeneity. The effects of spatial scales on Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou’s evenness indices may be also correlated with the composition of rare species in the plot.

Key words: Hainan, Jianfengling, tropical montane rain forest, species diversity, sampling scale, spatial distribution patterns

李艳朋, 许涵, 李意德, 骆土寿, 陈德祥, 周璋, 林明献, 杨怀. 海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林物种多样性空间分布格局的尺度效应. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(9): 861-870. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0400

Yan-Peng LI, Han XU, Yi-De LI, Tu-Shou LUO, De-Xiang CHEN, Zhang ZHOU, Ming-Xian LIN, Huai YANG. Scale-dependent spatial patterns of species diversity in the tropical montane rain forest in Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(9): 861-870. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0400

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0400

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I9/861

图/表 7

图1 海南尖峰岭60 hm2森林动态监测样地的地形图。

Fig. 1 Topography of the 60 hm2 Jianfengling Forest Dynamics Plot on Hainan Island.

图2 物种丰富度(A-F)和多度(G-L)在不同尺度下的空间分布格局。标尺代表不同样方物种丰富度或多度的数值。

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution patterns of species richness (A-F) and abundance (G-L) at different scales. The sidebars represented the values of species richness or abundance at different plots, respectively.

表1 物种丰富度与物种多度的Spearman秩相关分析结果

Table 1 Spearman rank correlation coefficients between species richness and abundance at different spatial scales

取样尺度 Sampling scales	5 m × 5 m	10 m × 10 m	20 m × 20 m	40 m × 40 m	100 m × 100 m	200 m × 200 m
相关系数 Correlation coefficients	0.917	0.873	0.735	0.319	-0.024	0.300
样方数 Number of quadrats	24 000	6 000	1 500	375	60	15
p	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.856	0.277

图3 Shannon-Wiener指数(A-F)和Simpson指数(G-L)在不同尺度下的空间分布格局。标尺代表不同样方Shannon-Wiener指数或Simpson指数的数值。

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution patterns of Shannon-Wiener (A-F) and Simpson indices (G-L) at different scales. The sidebars represented the values of Shannon-Wiener or Simpson indices at different plots, respectively.

图4 Pielou均匀度指数在不同尺度下的空间分布格局。标尺代表不同样方Pielou均匀度指数的数值。

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution patterns of Pielou’s evenness index at different scales. The sidebars represented the values of Pielou’s evenness index at different plots.

图5 物种丰富度(A, B)和多度(C, D)在不同尺度下的空间变异。

Fig. 5 Spatial variation of species richness (A, B) and abundance (C, D) at different scales.

图6 Shannon-Wiener指数(A, B)、Simpson指数(C, D)以及Pielou均匀度指数(E, F)在不同尺度下的空间变异。

Fig. 6 Spatial variation of Shannon-Wiener (A, B), Simpson (C, D) and Pielou’s evenness indices (E, F) at different scales.

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