黑河中游春玉米叶片水δD和δ18O的富集过程和影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物水的稳定同位素分馏过程是水在土壤-植物-大气连续体中循环的重要环节。以往研究由于叶片水¹⁸O同位素比值(δ¹⁸O_l,b)和氘(D)同位素比值(δD_l,b)(合称δ_l,b)实测数量少只能作为模型验证数据, 导致δ_l,b富集机制研究多集中于模型研究, 缺乏基于野外试验条件的δ_l,b富集的控制机制研究。叶片水δD_l,b和δ¹⁸O_l,b的富集程度(ΔD_l,b和Δ¹⁸O_l,b, 合称Δ_l,b)通常表示为δ_l,b与茎秆水D同位素比值(δD_x)和¹⁸O同位素比值(δ¹⁸O_x) (合称δ_x)之差, 即Δ_l,b = δ_l,b - δ_x。该研究以黑河中游沙漠绿洲春玉米(Zea mays)生态系统为研究对象, 重点采集和分析了季节和日尺度δ_l,b和δ_x数据, 配套开展了大气水汽δ¹⁸O和δD (合称δ_v)等辅助变量的原位连续观测, 探讨了季节和日尺度上的δ_l,b富集特征及其影响因素。结果表明: 叶片水δ_l,b和Δ_l,b的季节变化趋势不明显, 而受蒸腾作用影响表现出白天富集夜间贫化的单峰日变化特征。对于D来说, 无论季节尺度上还是日尺度上, 大气水汽δ_v和相对湿度是δD_l,b和ΔD_l,b的主要环境控制因素; 而对于¹⁸O来说, 无论季节尺度上还是日尺度上, 相对湿度是δ¹⁸O_l,b和Δ¹⁸O_l,b的主要环境控制因素。由于D和¹⁸O在热力学平衡分馏上有约8倍差异, 直接分析叶片水ΔD_l,b和Δ¹⁸O_l,b与影响因素的差异性, 有助于理解叶片水δD和δ¹⁸O富集过程以及对模型发展有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 叶片水富集, δD和δ18O, 大气水汽, 相对湿度, 温度, 协同作用

Abstract:

Aims The stable isotope fractionation of plant water is an important part for the water cycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. There is a lack of control mechanisms research of leaf water isotope ratio (δ_l,b) enrichment based on the field conditions. Because it is tough to get the measured ¹⁸O isotope ratio (δ¹⁸O_l,b) and deuterium (D) isotope ratio (δD_l,b) of leaf water (collective name δ_l,b). Therefore most previous research focuses on model building used the limited number of δ_l,b. Leaf water δD_l,band δ¹⁸O_l,b enrichment (collective name Δ_l,b) is usually represented as the difference of the leaf water isotope ratio (δ_l,b) and the plant source water isotope ratio (δD_xand δ¹⁸O_x,collective name δ_x), that is Δ_l,b = δ_l,b - δ_x.
Methods A field experiment with spring maize (Zea mays) was conducted in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin to investigate the characteristics of leaf water δ¹⁸O and δD enrichment and their abiotic control mechanisms on seasonal and daily scales. Leaf and stem samples were collected and analyzed according to different time scales, and the δ¹⁸O and δD of atmospheric water vapor (collective name δ_v) were determined based on the in situ and continuous water vapor isotope ratio measurement system at the same time.
Important findings The results showed that: δ_l,b and Δ_l,b of leaf water varied little during the experimental season while largely at daily scale, which enrichment was found at the daytime but depletion at night. Atmospheric water vapor isotope ratio (δ_v) and relative humidity were main factors to D on both seasonal and daily scales; for ¹⁸O, only relative humidity was the key control factor on both seasonal and daily scales. Differences of D and ¹⁸O came from the equilibrium fractionation because equilibrium fractionation factor for D was over 8 times than for ¹⁸O. The analysis of these differences help us distinguish the environmental factors of leaf water enrichment for D (ΔD_l,b) from leaf water enrichment for ¹⁸O (Δ¹⁸O_l,b), and improve our understanding of leaf water enrichment process and develop the related models as well.

Key words: leaf water enrichment, δD and δ18O, atmospheric water vapor, relative humidity, temperature, synergism

王小婷, 温学发. 黑河中游春玉米叶片水δD和δ¹⁸O的富集过程和影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(9): 912-924. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0431

Xiao-Ting WANG, Xue-Fa WEN. Leaf water δD and δ¹⁸O enrichment process and influencing factors in spring maize (Zea mays) grown in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(9): 912-924. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0431

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0431

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I9/912

图/表 6

图1 黑河中游绿洲春玉米生长季叶片水同位素比值(δl,b)、茎秆水同位素比值(δx)和大气水汽同位素比值(δv) δD (A)和δ18O (B)的季节变化特征。图中每个数据点为13:00-15:00的观测值。δl,b误差棒为上下冠层的标准偏差。

Fig. 1 Seasonal variations of δD (A) and δ18O (B) of bulk leaf water isotope ratio (δl,b), xylem water isotope ratio (δx) and atmospheric water vapor isotope ratio (δv) at an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin. Every value was observed in the period of 13:00-15:00. Error bars were the standard deviation of the upper and lower canopy.

图2 黑河中游绿洲春玉米生长季叶片水同位素比值(δl,b)、茎秆水同位素比值(δx)和大气水汽同位素比值(δv) (A, C, E)和δ18O (B, D, F)的日变化特征。图中阴影部分为夜间(19:30-6:30)。

Fig. 2 Daily variations of δD (A, C, E) and δ18O (B, D, F) of bulk leaf water isotope ratio (δl,b), xylem water isotope ratio (δx) and atmospheric water vapor isotope ratio (δv) at an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin. Shadow areas indicated the nighttime (19:30-6:30).

图3 黑河中游绿洲春玉米生长季叶片水、茎秆水及大气水汽氢稳定同位素比率(δD)和氧稳定同位素比率(δ18O)在季节(A)和日(B)尺度上的关系。图中LMWL是局地大气降水线。

Fig. 3 Seasonal (A) and diurnal (B) regression relationship between D isotope ratio (δD) and 18O isotope ratio (δ18O) of bulk leaf water, xylem water and atmospheric water vapor at an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin. The local meteoric water lines (LMWL) were plotted in each panel for references.

图4 黑河中游绿洲春玉米生长季叶片水相对于茎秆水的同位素判别(ΔD和Δ18O)与大气水汽相对于茎秆水的同位素判别(ΔDv和Δ18Ov)在季节(A、C)和日(B、D)尺度上的关系。

Fig. 4 Seasonal (A, C) and diurnal (B, D) relationships between bulk leaf water enrichment above source water (ΔD and Δ18O) and atmospheric water vapor enrichment above source water (ΔDv and Δ18Ov) above an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin.

图5 黑河中游绿洲春玉米生长季叶片水相对于茎秆水的同位素判别(ΔD和Δ18O)与相对湿度(RH)在季节(A、C)和日(B、D)尺度上的关系。

Fig. 5 Seasonal (A, C) and diurnal (B, D) relationships between bulk leaf water enrichment above source water (ΔD and Δ18O) and relative humidity referenced to canopy temperature (RH) above an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin.

图6 黑河中游绿洲春玉米生长季叶片水相对于茎秆水的同位素判别(ΔD和Δ18O)与冠层温度(T)在季节(A、C)和日(B、D)尺度上的关系。

Fig. 6 Seasonal (A, C) and diurnal (B, D) relationships between bulk leaf water enrichment above source water (ΔD and Δ18O) and canopy temperature (T) above an arid artificial oasis maize field in the Heihe River Basin.

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黑河中游春玉米叶片水δD和δ¹⁸O的富集过程和影响因素

Leaf water δD and δ¹⁸O enrichment process and influencing factors in spring maize (Zea mays) grown in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin

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