不同基因型冬小麦旗叶的稳定碳同位素比值及其与产量和水分利用效率的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00203

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以我国北方12个冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种(系)和美国德克萨斯州3个冬小麦品种(系)为供试材料, 在甘肃陇东黄土高原旱作和拔节期有限补灌条件下, 比较研究了不同基因型冬小麦之间产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和灌浆期旗叶稳定碳同位素比值(δ¹³C)的差异, 以及δ¹³C值与产量和WUE的关系。旨在通过分析δ¹³C值与产量和WUE的关系, 明确δ¹³C值在评价植物WUE方面的可靠性, 为抗旱节水品种的筛选提供理论依据。结果表明: 不论旱作还是有限补灌, 不同基因型冬小麦之间产量、WUE、旗叶δ¹³C值存在显著差异, 随着灌浆过程的进行, 旗叶δ¹³C值呈缓慢增大的趋势, 而且旗叶δ¹³C值旱作高于有限补灌。不论旱作还是补灌条件, 旗叶δ¹³C值在4个测定时期的平均值与籽粒产量、WUE呈显著正相关关系(R²= 0.527 3-0.691 3)。小麦拔节期补灌100 mm水分后, 不同基因型小麦表现出明显的水分超补偿效应。说明冬小麦灌浆期旗叶δ¹³C值在旱作条件下和在补灌条件下均可较好地评价WUE, 可将冬小麦灌浆期旗叶δ¹³C值作为筛选高效用水品种的参考指标之一。

关键词: 籽粒产量, 稳定碳同位素比值, 水分利用效率, 冬小麦

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to analyze differences of grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) in various genotypes of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the correlation between δ¹³C value and grain yield and WUE under two different ecological conditions. Findings will help clarify the reliability of using δ ¹³C to evaluate WUE and provide a basis for breeding water-saving types.
Methods We studied 15 winter wheat genotypes (12 from north China and 3 from Texas, USA) on the Loess Plateau of East Gansu under dryland and supplemental irrigation treatments at the jointing stage.
Important findings Different genotypes had considerable differences in grain yield, WUE and δ ¹³C value whether under dryland or irrigation, and the δ ¹³C value increased with grain filling proceeding. Moreover, the δ ¹³C value under dryland condition was higher than under limited irrigation. The correlation between δ ¹³C with grain yield and WUE is significant during the grain filling stages whether under dryland or irrigation, and the correlation under dryland is better than that under limited irrigation. With irrigation of 100 mm water at jointing stage, various genotypes of winter wheat had significant compensation or super compensation effects. The δ ¹³C value can indicate WUE well whether under dryland or irrigated condition. Therefore, the δ ¹³C value can be used by breeding programs as a potential selection criterion for grain yield and WUE in wheat.

Key words: grain yield, stable carbon isotope ratio, water use efficiency, winter wheat

樊廷录, 马明生, 王淑英, 李尚中, 赵刚. 不同基因型冬小麦旗叶的稳定碳同位素比值及其与产量和水分利用效率的关系. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(2): 203-213. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00203

FAN Ting-Lu, MA Ming-Sheng, WANG Shu-Ying, LI Shang-Zhong, ZHAO Gang. Stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) in flag leaves of different genotypes of winter wheat and its relation to yield and water use efficiency. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(2): 203-213. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00203

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图/表 8

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品种 Variety	遗传背景 Genetic background
品种 Variety	母本×父本 Female parent × Male parent
‘陇鉴196’ ‘Longjian 196’	[‘64035’ × ‘太原89’] × ‘秦麦4号’ [‘64035’ × ‘Taiyuan 89’] × ‘Qinmai 4’
‘陇鉴127’ ‘Longjian 127’	[‘7402’ × ‘吕419’]F₁× ‘7415’ [‘7402’ × ‘Lü 419’]F₁× ‘7415’
‘陇鉴385’ ‘Longjian 385’	‘贵农22’ × ‘陇鉴29’ ‘Guinong 22’ × ‘Longjian 29’
‘陇育216’ ‘Longyu 216’	‘陇东3号’ × [‘82(348)’ × ‘9002-1-1’]F₃ ‘Longdong 3’ × [‘82(348)’ × ‘9002-1-1’]F₃
‘陇原061’ ‘Longyuan 061’	‘西峰20’ × ‘保丰6号’ ‘Xifeng 20’ × ‘Baofeng 6’
‘定鉴3号’ ‘Dingjian 3’	‘84WR(21)’ × ‘洛8912’ ‘84WR(21)’ × ‘Luo 8912’
‘宁麦5号’ ‘Ningmai 5 ’	‘XS117-0-29’ × ‘庆农3号’ ‘XS117-0-29’ × ‘Qingnong 3’
‘西峰27’ ‘Xifeng 27’	‘83183-1-3-1’ × ‘CA837’
‘太原10604’ ‘Taiyuan 10604’	‘太原610’× ‘太原851’ ‘Taiyuan 610’ × ‘Taiyuan 851’
‘05旱鉴27’ ‘05Hanjian 27’	‘京411’ × ‘鲁麦12’ ‘Jing 411’ × ‘Lumai 12’
‘长6878’ ‘Chang 6878’	‘临旱5175’ × ‘晋麦63’ ‘Linhan 5175’ × ‘Jinmai 63’
‘9550’	‘长武131’ × ‘8672-26-1’ ‘Changwu 131’ × ‘8672-26-1’

品种 Variety	遗传背景 Genetic background
品种 Variety	母本×父本 Female parent × Male parent
‘陇鉴196’ ‘Longjian 196’	[‘64035’ × ‘太原89’] × ‘秦麦4号’ [‘64035’ × ‘Taiyuan 89’] × ‘Qinmai 4’
‘陇鉴127’ ‘Longjian 127’	[‘7402’ × ‘吕419’]F₁× ‘7415’ [‘7402’ × ‘Lü 419’]F₁× ‘7415’
‘陇鉴385’ ‘Longjian 385’	‘贵农22’ × ‘陇鉴29’ ‘Guinong 22’ × ‘Longjian 29’
‘陇育216’ ‘Longyu 216’	‘陇东3号’ × [‘82(348)’ × ‘9002-1-1’]F₃ ‘Longdong 3’ × [‘82(348)’ × ‘9002-1-1’]F₃
‘陇原061’ ‘Longyuan 061’	‘西峰20’ × ‘保丰6号’ ‘Xifeng 20’ × ‘Baofeng 6’
‘定鉴3号’ ‘Dingjian 3’	‘84WR(21)’ × ‘洛8912’ ‘84WR(21)’ × ‘Luo 8912’
‘宁麦5号’ ‘Ningmai 5 ’	‘XS117-0-29’ × ‘庆农3号’ ‘XS117-0-29’ × ‘Qingnong 3’
‘西峰27’ ‘Xifeng 27’	‘83183-1-3-1’ × ‘CA837’
‘太原10604’ ‘Taiyuan 10604’	‘太原610’× ‘太原851’ ‘Taiyuan 610’ × ‘Taiyuan 851’
‘05旱鉴27’ ‘05Hanjian 27’	‘京411’ × ‘鲁麦12’ ‘Jing 411’ × ‘Lumai 12’
‘长6878’ ‘Chang 6878’	‘临旱5175’ × ‘晋麦63’ ‘Linhan 5175’ × ‘Jinmai 63’
‘9550’	‘长武131’ × ‘8672-26-1’ ‘Changwu 131’ × ‘8672-26-1’

基因型 Genotype	δ¹³C值 δ¹³C value (‰)				籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)
基因型 Genotype	5月6日 May 6	5月16日 May 16	5月31日 May 31	6月10日 June 10	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)
‘陇鉴196’ ‘Longjian 196’	-26.7 ± 0.11	-26.6 ± 0.13	-26.4 ± 0.15	-26.2 ± 0.17	2 495 ± 103.37^e	11.3 ± 0.52^d
‘陇鉴127’ ‘Longjian 127’	-26.8 ± 0.18	-26.3 ± 0.21	-26.3 ± 0.10	-26.0 ± 0.19	1 826 ± 110.18^k	8.2 ± 0.37^j
‘陇鉴385’ ‘Longjian 385’	-26.9 ± 0.09	-26.8 ± 0.14	-26.4 ± 0.14	-26.1 ± 0.11	2 110 ± 89.03^h	8.8 ± 0.35ⁱ
‘陇育216’ ‘Longyu 216’	-26.5 ± 0.15	-25.9 ± 0.11	-26.0 ± 0.16	-25.9 ± 0.15	2 480 ± 97.41^e	11.1 ± 0.26^e
‘陇原061’ ‘Longyuan 061’	-25.4 ± 0.19	-24.9 ± 0.09	-24.8 ± 0.10	-24.8 ± 0.13	2 786 ± 124.26^b	12.6 ± 0.64^b
‘定鉴3号’ ‘Dingjian 3’	-25.0 ± 0.11	-24.7 ± 0.21	-24.7 ± 0.12	-24.6 ± 0.13	2 936 ± 105.98^a	12.8 ± 0.33^a
‘宁麦5号’ ‘Ningmai 5’	-25.5 ± 0.18	-25.5 ± 0.19	-25.4 ± 0.12	-25.2 ± 0.05	2 645 ± 78.34^c	12.0 ± 0.07^c
‘西峰27’ ‘Xifeng 27’	-26.6 ± 0.15	-26.4 ± 0.09	-26.2 ± 0.18	-26.2 ± 0.15	2 191 ± 83.90ⁱ	9.4 ± 0.13^h
‘太原10604’ ‘Taiyuan 10604’	-26.5 ± 0.18	-26.4 ± 0.13	-26.4 ± 0.14	-26.4 ± 0.09	2 451 ± 93.33^f	11.1 ± 0.28^e
‘05旱鉴27’ ‘05Hanjian 27’	-27.4 ± 0.10	-26.8 ± 0.12	-26.8 ± 0.11	-26.4 ± 0.19	2 240 ± 79.56^g	10.1 ± 0.17^g
‘长6878’ ‘Chang 6878’	-26.6 ± 0.08	-26.3 ± 0.09	-26.1 ± 0.13	-25.9 ± 0.10	2 190 ± 77.18^j	9.5 ± 0.30^h
‘9550’	-25.8 ± 0.16	-25.5 ± 0.12	-25.4 ± 0.07	-25.4 ± 0.21	2 551 ± 100.60^d	11.4 ± 0.43^d
‘1R2’	-26.2 ± 0.13	-26.1 ± 0.08	-26.0 ± 0.16	-25.7 ± 0.11	2 285 ± 81.23^j	10.3 ± 0.19^f
‘1R8’	-27.2 ± 0.12	-26.9 ± 0.20	-26.8 ± 0.13	-26.2 ± 0.07	2 110 ± 79.47ⁱ	8.7 ± 0.21ⁱ
‘1R17’	-25.9 ± 0.14	-25.5 ± 0.15	-25.2 ± 0.11	-25.0 ± 0.14	2 600 ± 62.56^c	11.9 ± 0.05^c
平均值 Mean	-26.33	-26.04	-25.93	-25.73	2 393	10.6
变异系数 CV (%)	2.61	2.64	2.59	2.30	12.24	13.73

基因型 Genotype	δ¹³C值 δ¹³C value (‰)				籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)
基因型 Genotype	5月6日 May 6	5月16日 May 16	5月31日 May 31	6月10日 June 10	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)
‘陇鉴196’ ‘Longjian 196’	-26.7 ± 0.11	-26.6 ± 0.13	-26.4 ± 0.15	-26.2 ± 0.17	2 495 ± 103.37^e	11.3 ± 0.52^d
‘陇鉴127’ ‘Longjian 127’	-26.8 ± 0.18	-26.3 ± 0.21	-26.3 ± 0.10	-26.0 ± 0.19	1 826 ± 110.18^k	8.2 ± 0.37^j
‘陇鉴385’ ‘Longjian 385’	-26.9 ± 0.09	-26.8 ± 0.14	-26.4 ± 0.14	-26.1 ± 0.11	2 110 ± 89.03^h	8.8 ± 0.35ⁱ
‘陇育216’ ‘Longyu 216’	-26.5 ± 0.15	-25.9 ± 0.11	-26.0 ± 0.16	-25.9 ± 0.15	2 480 ± 97.41^e	11.1 ± 0.26^e
‘陇原061’ ‘Longyuan 061’	-25.4 ± 0.19	-24.9 ± 0.09	-24.8 ± 0.10	-24.8 ± 0.13	2 786 ± 124.26^b	12.6 ± 0.64^b
‘定鉴3号’ ‘Dingjian 3’	-25.0 ± 0.11	-24.7 ± 0.21	-24.7 ± 0.12	-24.6 ± 0.13	2 936 ± 105.98^a	12.8 ± 0.33^a
‘宁麦5号’ ‘Ningmai 5’	-25.5 ± 0.18	-25.5 ± 0.19	-25.4 ± 0.12	-25.2 ± 0.05	2 645 ± 78.34^c	12.0 ± 0.07^c
‘西峰27’ ‘Xifeng 27’	-26.6 ± 0.15	-26.4 ± 0.09	-26.2 ± 0.18	-26.2 ± 0.15	2 191 ± 83.90ⁱ	9.4 ± 0.13^h
‘太原10604’ ‘Taiyuan 10604’	-26.5 ± 0.18	-26.4 ± 0.13	-26.4 ± 0.14	-26.4 ± 0.09	2 451 ± 93.33^f	11.1 ± 0.28^e
‘05旱鉴27’ ‘05Hanjian 27’	-27.4 ± 0.10	-26.8 ± 0.12	-26.8 ± 0.11	-26.4 ± 0.19	2 240 ± 79.56^g	10.1 ± 0.17^g
‘长6878’ ‘Chang 6878’	-26.6 ± 0.08	-26.3 ± 0.09	-26.1 ± 0.13	-25.9 ± 0.10	2 190 ± 77.18^j	9.5 ± 0.30^h
‘9550’	-25.8 ± 0.16	-25.5 ± 0.12	-25.4 ± 0.07	-25.4 ± 0.21	2 551 ± 100.60^d	11.4 ± 0.43^d
‘1R2’	-26.2 ± 0.13	-26.1 ± 0.08	-26.0 ± 0.16	-25.7 ± 0.11	2 285 ± 81.23^j	10.3 ± 0.19^f
‘1R8’	-27.2 ± 0.12	-26.9 ± 0.20	-26.8 ± 0.13	-26.2 ± 0.07	2 110 ± 79.47ⁱ	8.7 ± 0.21ⁱ
‘1R17’	-25.9 ± 0.14	-25.5 ± 0.15	-25.2 ± 0.11	-25.0 ± 0.14	2 600 ± 62.56^c	11.9 ± 0.05^c
平均值 Mean	-26.33	-26.04	-25.93	-25.73	2 393	10.6
变异系数 CV (%)	2.61	2.64	2.59	2.30	12.24	13.73

基因型 Genotype	δ¹³C值 δ¹³C Value (‰)				籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	补偿供水效应 SIE
基因型 Genotype	5月6日 May 6	5月16日 May 16	5月31日 May 31	6月10日 June 10	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	补偿供水效应 SIE
‘陇鉴196’ ‘Longjian 196’	-26.9 ± 0.08	-26.6 ± 0.12	-26.4 ± 0.13	-26.2 ± 0.10	4 251 ± 79.07^g	12.4 ± 0.16^e	1.41 ± 0.08^d
‘陇鉴127’ ‘Longjian 127’	-27.0 ± 0.13	-27.0 ± 0.18	-26.7 ± 0.13	-26.3 ± 0.12	3 725 ± 84.66^k	10.5 ± 0.03^j	1.80 ± 0.11^a
‘陇鉴385’ ‘Longjian 385’	-26.9 ± 0.12	-26.8 ± 0.11	-26.5 ± 0.18	-26.2 ± 0.08	4 315 ± 90.30^f	12.5 ± 0.08^de	1.77 ± 0.05^ab
‘陇育216’ ‘Longyu 216’	-26.8 ± 0.18	-26.7 ± 0.13	-26.4 ± 0.20	-26.4 ± 0.13	4 101 ± 93.75ⁱ	11.7 ± 0.12^g	1.38 ± 0.07^d
‘陇原061’ ‘Longyuan 061’	-26.1 ± 0.09	-26.0 ± 0.17	-25.6 ± 0.14	-25.4 ± 0.18	4 325 ± 66.41^ef	12.5 ± 0.07^de	1.23 ± 0.05^f
‘定鉴3号’ ‘Dingjian 3’	-25.7 ± 0.13	-25.7 ± 0.09	-25.4 ± 0.17	-25.0 ± 0.11	4 551 ± 72.07^b	13.1 ± 0.11^b	1.23 ± 0.09^f
‘宁麦5号’ ‘Ningmai 5 ’	-26.0 ± 0.15	-26.0 ± 0.13	-25.7 ± 0.06	-25.4 ± 0.17	4 180 ± 70.28^h	12.1 ± 0.06^f	1.27 ± 0.08^ef
‘西峰27’ ‘Xifeng 27’	-26.6 ± 0.12	-26.5 ± 0.11	-26.3 ± 0.23	-26.3 ± 0.09	4 260 ± 82.23^g	12.2 ± 0.21^f	1.70 ± 0.06^b
‘太原10604’ ‘Taiyuan 10604’	-26.7 ± 0.10	-26.6 ± 0.18	-26.3 ± 0.17	-26.3 ± 0.17	3 950 ± 91.16^j	11.6 ± 0.06^h	1.29 ± 0.03^e
‘05旱鉴27’ ‘05Hanjian 27’	-27.4 ± 0.19	-27.1 ± 0.17	-26.9 ± 0.16	-26.6 ± 0.14	3 171 ± 97.40^l	9.5 ± 0.13^k	0.99 ± 0.05^g
‘长6878’ ‘Chang 6878’	-26.6 ± 0.08	-26.6 ± 0.08	-26.4 ± 0.11	-26.1 ± 0.12	4 395 ± 69.53^d	12.7 ± 0.11^c	1.74 ± 0.04^ab
‘9550’	-25.9 ± 0.16	-25.7 ± 0.14	-25.3 ± 0.18	-25.1 ± 0.09	4 780 ± 63.85^a	13.5 ± 0.09^a	1.66 ± 0.07^bc
‘1R2’	-26.4 ± 0.11	-26.3 ± 0.14	-26.1 ± 0.07	-25.8 ± 0.06	4 336 ± 66.31^e	12.6 ± 0.08^d	1.63 ± 0.05^c
‘1R8’	-27.2 ± 0.14	-27.1 ± 0.21	-26.5 ± 0.13	-26.4 ± 0.11	3 936 ± 87.26^j	11.2 ± 0.13ⁱ	1.64 ± 0.04^c
‘1R17’	-26.0 ± 0.14	-26.0 ± 0.10	-25.4 ± 0.13	-25.3 ± 0.15	4 460 ± 72.19^c	13.1 ± 0.09^b	1.42 ± 0.09^d
平均值 Mean	-26.55	-26.45	-26.13	-25.92	4 182	12.1	1.48
变异系数CV (%)	1.93	1.80	1.96	2.06	9.13	8.72	16.65