植物生态学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 882-892.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00882
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2011-04-11
接受日期:
2011-05-04
出版日期:
2011-04-11
发布日期:
2011-07-28
通讯作者:
宋永昌
作者简介:
E-mail: ycsong@des.ecnu.edu.cnReceived:
2011-04-11
Accepted:
2011-05-04
Online:
2011-04-11
Published:
2011-07-28
Contact:
SONG Yong-Chang
摘要:
《中国植被志》的编写工作已经启动, 藉此征求修订《中国植被分类系统》意见之际, 提出几点看法与建议: 1)贯彻原先制定的中国植被“高级分类单位偏重于生态外貌, 而中、低级分类单位则着重种类组成和群落结构”的分类原则。这一思想与当前国际上植被分类的发展是一致的。2)中国植被分类既要符合中国植被的特点, 又要适应全球植被分类的发展, 名词概念应尽量与国际上的广泛理解相一致。3) “群丛”是《中国植被志》描述的基本对象, 其概念需要统一, 以避免歧义和可能导致的南北“群丛”的不等质。资料不足的类型应组织野外补点调查。4)植被分类等级系统是严格的, 但各等级又是开放的, 可适当地增设高级分类单位, 以适应类型扩展之需要。该文附有从植被型纲到植被型的建议草案。
宋永昌. 对中国植被分类系统的认知和建议. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(8): 882-892. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00882
SONG Yong-Chang. Recognition and proposal on the vegetation classification system of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(8): 882-892. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00882
等级 Level | 划分依据 Primary basis for classification |
---|---|
高级单位(生态外貌) Upper level (Eco-physiognomic level) | |
1) 植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 一级生长型和极端生境形成的外貌 Physiognomy caused by 1st grade of growth form and extreme habitat |
2) 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 由下一级生长型所确定, 与大气候相联系 Determined by next grade of growth form, coincided with macroclimate |
3) 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 与生态气候带有联系的生态外貌 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate zone |
4) 植被型 Vegetation-type | 与气候亚带或中等地貌类型相关, 或与特殊生境有联系的外貌类型 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate sub-zone, mediate topography, or specific habitat |
中级单位(区系特征, 着重优势种组成) Middle level (floristic level, emphasis on dominant species) | |
5) 集群 Collective-type | 生态习性相似的优势度型的集合 Collection of dominant types with a similar ecological behavior |
6) 优势度型 Dominant-type | 优势层片的优势种相同, 或生态习性一致, 并具有相同标志种的群丛的联合 Collection of associations sharing dominant species or species with the same ecological behavior, as well as the same indicative species in dominant synusia |
低级单位(区系特征, 着重标志种组) Lower level (floristic level, emphasis on indicative species) | |
7) 群丛 Association | 层片结构相同, 优势层片优势种相同, 种类组成大体一致, 并具有相同标志种组的群落联合 Collection of communities with the same synusia structure and dominant species in dominant synusia, a similar species composition, as well as the indentical indicative species group |
表1 中国植被分类系统
Table 1 Vegetation Classification System of China
等级 Level | 划分依据 Primary basis for classification |
---|---|
高级单位(生态外貌) Upper level (Eco-physiognomic level) | |
1) 植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 一级生长型和极端生境形成的外貌 Physiognomy caused by 1st grade of growth form and extreme habitat |
2) 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 由下一级生长型所确定, 与大气候相联系 Determined by next grade of growth form, coincided with macroclimate |
3) 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 与生态气候带有联系的生态外貌 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate zone |
4) 植被型 Vegetation-type | 与气候亚带或中等地貌类型相关, 或与特殊生境有联系的外貌类型 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate sub-zone, mediate topography, or specific habitat |
中级单位(区系特征, 着重优势种组成) Middle level (floristic level, emphasis on dominant species) | |
5) 集群 Collective-type | 生态习性相似的优势度型的集合 Collection of dominant types with a similar ecological behavior |
6) 优势度型 Dominant-type | 优势层片的优势种相同, 或生态习性一致, 并具有相同标志种的群丛的联合 Collection of associations sharing dominant species or species with the same ecological behavior, as well as the same indicative species in dominant synusia |
低级单位(区系特征, 着重标志种组) Lower level (floristic level, emphasis on indicative species) | |
7) 群丛 Association | 层片结构相同, 优势层片优势种相同, 种类组成大体一致, 并具有相同标志种组的群落联合 Collection of communities with the same synusia structure and dominant species in dominant synusia, a similar species composition, as well as the indentical indicative species group |
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
---|---|---|---|
一、森林 Forest | I. 针叶林 Needle-leaved forest | 1. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous needle-leaved forest | 1)寒温性落叶针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality) |
2)山地寒温性落叶针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone) | |||
3)暖性落叶针叶林(地带性) Warm deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
2. 常绿针叶林 Evergreen needle-leaved forest | 4)寒温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | ||
5)山地寒温性常绿针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone) | |||
6)温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
7)暖性常绿针叶林(地带性) Warm evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
8)热性常绿针叶林(地带性) Torrid evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
3. 针阔叶混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest | 9)凉温性针阔叶混交林(地带性) Cool-temperate needle broad-leaved mixed forest (zonality) | ||
10)山地针阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane needle broad-leaved mixed forest (vertical zone) | |||
II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 4. 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad- leaved forest | 11)典型落叶阔叶林(地带性) Typical deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality) | |
12)山地落叶阔叶林(垂直带) Montane deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone) | |||
13)河岸落叶阔叶林(地形顶极) Riverside deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax) | |||
14)次生落叶阔叶林(偏途顶极) Secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax) | |||
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 5. 常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest | 15)暖温性常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地带性) Warm-temperate mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality) | |
16)山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone) | |||
17)石灰岩常绿落叶阔叶混交林(土壤顶极) Limestone mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (edaphic climax) | |||
18)河谷常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地形顶极) Ravine mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax) | |||
19)次生常绿落叶阔叶混交林(偏途顶极) Secondary mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax) | |||
6. 常绿苔藓林 Evergreen mossy forest | 20)山地常绿苔藓林 Montane evergreen mossy forest | ||
7. 常绿硬叶林 Evergreen sclerophyllous forest | 21)山地硬叶常绿林 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous forest | ||
8. 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 22)典型常绿阔叶林 Typical evergreen broad-leaved forest | ||
23)季节(季风)常绿阔叶林 Seasonal (monsoon) evergreen broad-leaved forest | |||
24)适雨常绿阔叶林(亚热带雨林) Ombrophilous evergreen broad-leaved forest (subtropical rain forest) | |||
9. 热带雨林 Tropical rain forest | 25)热带(典型)雨林 Tropical (typical) rain forest | ||
26)热带季节性雨林 Tropical seasonal rain forest | |||
10. 热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon forest | 27)热带落叶季雨林 Tropical deciduous monsoon forest | ||
28)热带半落叶季雨林(包括石灰岩季雨林) Tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest (including limestone monsoon forest) | |||
11. 海岸林 Coastal forest | 29)红树林 Mangrove | ||
30)亚热带沙砾质海岸林 Subtropical rock-sandy coastal forest | |||
31)热带珊瑚礁海岸林 Tropical coral reef coastal forest | |||
III. 竹林与竹丛 Bamboo forest & bamboo thicket | 12. 竹林 Bamboo forest | 32)散生竹林 Scatter bamboo forest | |
33)丛生竹林 Cluster bamboo forest | |||
34)混生竹林 Mixture bamboo forest | |||
13. 竹丛 Bamboo thicket | 35)温性竹丛 Temperate bamboo thicket | ||
36)暖性竹丛 Warm bamboo thicket | |||
二、灌丛 Thicket | IV. 针叶灌丛 Needle-leaved thicket | 14. 常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen needle- leaved thicket | 37)高山亚高山常绿针叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen needle-leaved thicket |
38)山地常绿针叶灌丛 Montane evergreen needle-leaved thicket | |||
39)沙地常绿针叶灌丛 Sandy evergreen needle-leaved thicket | |||
V. 阔叶灌丛 Broad-leaved thicket | 15. 常绿革叶灌丛 Evergreen sclerophyllous thicket | 40)高山亚高山常绿革叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen sclerophyllous thicket | |
41)山地常绿革叶灌丛 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous thicket | |||
16. 落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous broad- leaved thicket | 42)山地(次生)落叶阔叶灌丛 Montane (secondary) deciduous broad-leaved thicket | ||
43)河滩落叶阔叶灌丛 River flat deciduous broad-leaved thicket | |||
44)旱地落叶阔叶灌丛 Dry land deciduous broad-leaved thicket | |||
17. 常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen broad-leaved thicket | 45)丘陵山地常绿阔叶灌丛(次生) Hill and low montane evergreen broad-leaved thicket (secondary) | ||
46)旱地常绿阔叶灌丛 Dry land evergreen broad-leaved thicket | |||
47)沙地常绿阔叶灌丛 Sandy flat evergreen broad-leaved thicket | |||
48)珊瑚礁常绿阔叶灌丛 Coral reef evergreen broad-leaved thicket | |||
VI. 肉质多刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket | 18. 肉刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket | 49)热带滨海(沙滩)刺灌丛 Tropical coastal or sandy thorn-succulent thicket | |
50)干热(河谷)肉刺灌丛 Xerothermic (valley) thorn-succulent thicket | |||
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
三、草本植被 (草地) Herbaceous vegetation (grassland) | VII. 中生草本植被 Pratoherbosa vegetation | 19. 丛生禾草草甸 Caespitose graminoid meadow | 51)丛生禾草(大陆)典型草甸 Caespitose graminoid typical meadow (continent) |
52)丛生禾草沼泽草甸 Caespitose graminoid swamp meadow | |||
53)丛生禾草高寒草甸 Caespitose graminoid high-cold meadow | |||
54)丛生禾草盐生草甸 Caespitose graminoid salt meadow | |||
20. 根茎禾草草甸 Rhizome graminoid meadow | 55)根茎禾草典型草甸 Rhizome graminoid typical meadow | ||
56)根茎禾草沼泽草甸 Rhizome graminoid swamp meadow | |||
57)根茎禾草高寒草甸 Rhizome graminoid high-cold meadow | |||
58)根茎禾草盐生草甸 Rhizome graminoid salt meadow | |||
21. 杂类草草甸 Forb meadow | 59)杂类草典型草甸 Forb typical meadow | ||
60)杂类草沼泽草甸 Forb swamp meadow | |||
61)杂类草高寒草甸 Forb high-cold meadow | |||
62)杂类草盐生草甸 Forb salt meadow | |||
22. 疏灌草坡 Sparse shrub grass- slopeland | 63)暖性次生疏灌草坡 Warm secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland | ||
64)热性次生疏灌草坡 Torrid secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland | |||
VIII. 旱生草本 植被 Xeropoium vegetation | 23. 丛生禾草草原 Caespitose graminoid steppe | 65)丛生禾草典型草原 Caespitose graminoid typical steppe | |
66)丛生禾草草甸草原 Caespitose graminoid meadow steppe | |||
67)丛生禾草荒漠草原 Caespitose graminoid desert steppe | |||
68)丛生禾草高寒草原 Caespitose graminoid high-cold steppe | |||
24. 根茎禾草草原 Rhizome graminoid steppe | 69)根茎禾草典型草原 Rhizome graminoid typical steppe | ||
70)根茎禾草草甸草原 Rhizome graminoid meadow steppe | |||
71)根茎禾草高寒草原 Rhizome graminoid high-cold steppe | |||
25. 杂类草草原 Forb steppe | 72)杂类草典型草原 Forb typical steppe | ||
73)杂类草草甸草原 Forb meadow steppe | |||
74)杂类草荒漠草原 Forb desert steppe | |||
26. 半灌木-小灌木草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous steppe | 75)半灌木-小灌木典型草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous typical steppe | ||
76)半灌木-小灌木草甸草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous meadow steppe | |||
77)小半灌木荒漠草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous desert steppe | |||
78)小半灌木高寒草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous high-cold steppe | |||
27. 稀树草原 Savannahic grassland | 79)热带稀树草原 Tropical savannahic grassland | ||
80)干热(河谷)稀树草原 Xerothermic (valley) savannahic grassland | |||
四、极端干旱 植被 Extreme xeromorphic vegetation | IX. 小乔木荒漠 Semi-arborous desert | 28. 温性小乔木荒漠 Temperate semi-arborous desert | 81)退化叶小乔木荒漠 Degenerative leaved semi-arborous desert |
X. 灌木-半灌木 荒漠 Fruticous and semi-fruticous desert | 29. 常绿灌木半灌木荒漠 Evergreen fruticous and semi-fruticous desert | 82)常绿革叶灌木荒漠 Evergreen sclerophyllous fruticous desert | |
83)常绿肉质灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent fruticous desert | |||
84)常绿肉质半灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent semi-fruticous desert | |||
30. 落叶灌木-半灌木荒漠 Deciduous fruticous and semi-fruticous desert | 85)旱生叶灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved fruticous desert | ||
86)旱生叶半灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved semi-fruticous desert | |||
87)退化叶灌木荒漠 Degenerative leaved fruticous desert | |||
31. 垫状灌木荒漠 Cushion fruticous desert | 88)矮半灌木荒漠 Dwarf-semi-fruticous desert | ||
89)垫状小半灌木(高寒)荒漠 Cushion semi-fruticous (high-cold) desert | |||
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
五、极端寒冷 植被 Extreme frigid vegetation | XI. 高山稀疏植被 Alpine sparse vegetation | 33. 高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation | 90)高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation |
XII. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation | 34. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation | 91)小灌木-藓类高山冻原 Dwarf-shrub and moss alpine tundra | |
92)草类-藓类高山冻原 Herb and moss alpine tundra | |||
93)地衣-藓类高山冻原 Lichen and moss alpine tundra | |||
XIII. 高山垫状 植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | 35. 高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | 94)高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | |
六、湿地植被 Wetland vegetation | XIV. 沼泽 Swamp | 36. 沼泽 Swamp | 95)木本沼泽 Woody swamp |
96)草本沼泽 Herbaceous swamp | |||
97)藓类沼泽 Moss bog | |||
XV. 水生植被 Aquatic vegetation | 37. 淡水水生植被 Aquatic vegetation | 98)沉水植物群落 Submerged plant community | |
99)漂浮植物群落 Free floating plant community | |||
100)固着浮叶植物群落 Rooted floating-leaved plant community | |||
101)挺水植物群落 Emergent plant community |
表2 附录 中国植被分类的高级单位(建议草案)
Table 2 Appendix Upper level unit for Vegetation Classification System in China (a proposed draft)
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
---|---|---|---|
一、森林 Forest | I. 针叶林 Needle-leaved forest | 1. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous needle-leaved forest | 1)寒温性落叶针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality) |
2)山地寒温性落叶针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone) | |||
3)暖性落叶针叶林(地带性) Warm deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
2. 常绿针叶林 Evergreen needle-leaved forest | 4)寒温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | ||
5)山地寒温性常绿针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone) | |||
6)温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
7)暖性常绿针叶林(地带性) Warm evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
8)热性常绿针叶林(地带性) Torrid evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality) | |||
3. 针阔叶混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest | 9)凉温性针阔叶混交林(地带性) Cool-temperate needle broad-leaved mixed forest (zonality) | ||
10)山地针阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane needle broad-leaved mixed forest (vertical zone) | |||
II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 4. 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad- leaved forest | 11)典型落叶阔叶林(地带性) Typical deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality) | |
12)山地落叶阔叶林(垂直带) Montane deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone) | |||
13)河岸落叶阔叶林(地形顶极) Riverside deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax) | |||
14)次生落叶阔叶林(偏途顶极) Secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax) | |||
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest | 5. 常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest | 15)暖温性常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地带性) Warm-temperate mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality) | |
16)山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone) | |||
17)石灰岩常绿落叶阔叶混交林(土壤顶极) Limestone mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (edaphic climax) | |||
18)河谷常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地形顶极) Ravine mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax) | |||
19)次生常绿落叶阔叶混交林(偏途顶极) Secondary mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax) | |||
6. 常绿苔藓林 Evergreen mossy forest | 20)山地常绿苔藓林 Montane evergreen mossy forest | ||
7. 常绿硬叶林 Evergreen sclerophyllous forest | 21)山地硬叶常绿林 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous forest | ||
8. 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 22)典型常绿阔叶林 Typical evergreen broad-leaved forest | ||
23)季节(季风)常绿阔叶林 Seasonal (monsoon) evergreen broad-leaved forest | |||
24)适雨常绿阔叶林(亚热带雨林) Ombrophilous evergreen broad-leaved forest (subtropical rain forest) | |||
9. 热带雨林 Tropical rain forest | 25)热带(典型)雨林 Tropical (typical) rain forest | ||
26)热带季节性雨林 Tropical seasonal rain forest | |||
10. 热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon forest | 27)热带落叶季雨林 Tropical deciduous monsoon forest | ||
28)热带半落叶季雨林(包括石灰岩季雨林) Tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest (including limestone monsoon forest) | |||
11. 海岸林 Coastal forest | 29)红树林 Mangrove | ||
30)亚热带沙砾质海岸林 Subtropical rock-sandy coastal forest | |||
31)热带珊瑚礁海岸林 Tropical coral reef coastal forest | |||
III. 竹林与竹丛 Bamboo forest & bamboo thicket | 12. 竹林 Bamboo forest | 32)散生竹林 Scatter bamboo forest | |
33)丛生竹林 Cluster bamboo forest | |||
34)混生竹林 Mixture bamboo forest | |||
13. 竹丛 Bamboo thicket | 35)温性竹丛 Temperate bamboo thicket | ||
36)暖性竹丛 Warm bamboo thicket | |||
二、灌丛 Thicket | IV. 针叶灌丛 Needle-leaved thicket | 14. 常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen needle- leaved thicket | 37)高山亚高山常绿针叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen needle-leaved thicket |
38)山地常绿针叶灌丛 Montane evergreen needle-leaved thicket | |||
39)沙地常绿针叶灌丛 Sandy evergreen needle-leaved thicket | |||
V. 阔叶灌丛 Broad-leaved thicket | 15. 常绿革叶灌丛 Evergreen sclerophyllous thicket | 40)高山亚高山常绿革叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen sclerophyllous thicket | |
41)山地常绿革叶灌丛 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous thicket | |||
16. 落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous broad- leaved thicket | 42)山地(次生)落叶阔叶灌丛 Montane (secondary) deciduous broad-leaved thicket | ||
43)河滩落叶阔叶灌丛 River flat deciduous broad-leaved thicket | |||
44)旱地落叶阔叶灌丛 Dry land deciduous broad-leaved thicket | |||
17. 常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen broad-leaved thicket | 45)丘陵山地常绿阔叶灌丛(次生) Hill and low montane evergreen broad-leaved thicket (secondary) | ||
46)旱地常绿阔叶灌丛 Dry land evergreen broad-leaved thicket | |||
47)沙地常绿阔叶灌丛 Sandy flat evergreen broad-leaved thicket | |||
48)珊瑚礁常绿阔叶灌丛 Coral reef evergreen broad-leaved thicket | |||
VI. 肉质多刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket | 18. 肉刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket | 49)热带滨海(沙滩)刺灌丛 Tropical coastal or sandy thorn-succulent thicket | |
50)干热(河谷)肉刺灌丛 Xerothermic (valley) thorn-succulent thicket | |||
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
三、草本植被 (草地) Herbaceous vegetation (grassland) | VII. 中生草本植被 Pratoherbosa vegetation | 19. 丛生禾草草甸 Caespitose graminoid meadow | 51)丛生禾草(大陆)典型草甸 Caespitose graminoid typical meadow (continent) |
52)丛生禾草沼泽草甸 Caespitose graminoid swamp meadow | |||
53)丛生禾草高寒草甸 Caespitose graminoid high-cold meadow | |||
54)丛生禾草盐生草甸 Caespitose graminoid salt meadow | |||
20. 根茎禾草草甸 Rhizome graminoid meadow | 55)根茎禾草典型草甸 Rhizome graminoid typical meadow | ||
56)根茎禾草沼泽草甸 Rhizome graminoid swamp meadow | |||
57)根茎禾草高寒草甸 Rhizome graminoid high-cold meadow | |||
58)根茎禾草盐生草甸 Rhizome graminoid salt meadow | |||
21. 杂类草草甸 Forb meadow | 59)杂类草典型草甸 Forb typical meadow | ||
60)杂类草沼泽草甸 Forb swamp meadow | |||
61)杂类草高寒草甸 Forb high-cold meadow | |||
62)杂类草盐生草甸 Forb salt meadow | |||
22. 疏灌草坡 Sparse shrub grass- slopeland | 63)暖性次生疏灌草坡 Warm secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland | ||
64)热性次生疏灌草坡 Torrid secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland | |||
VIII. 旱生草本 植被 Xeropoium vegetation | 23. 丛生禾草草原 Caespitose graminoid steppe | 65)丛生禾草典型草原 Caespitose graminoid typical steppe | |
66)丛生禾草草甸草原 Caespitose graminoid meadow steppe | |||
67)丛生禾草荒漠草原 Caespitose graminoid desert steppe | |||
68)丛生禾草高寒草原 Caespitose graminoid high-cold steppe | |||
24. 根茎禾草草原 Rhizome graminoid steppe | 69)根茎禾草典型草原 Rhizome graminoid typical steppe | ||
70)根茎禾草草甸草原 Rhizome graminoid meadow steppe | |||
71)根茎禾草高寒草原 Rhizome graminoid high-cold steppe | |||
25. 杂类草草原 Forb steppe | 72)杂类草典型草原 Forb typical steppe | ||
73)杂类草草甸草原 Forb meadow steppe | |||
74)杂类草荒漠草原 Forb desert steppe | |||
26. 半灌木-小灌木草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous steppe | 75)半灌木-小灌木典型草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous typical steppe | ||
76)半灌木-小灌木草甸草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous meadow steppe | |||
77)小半灌木荒漠草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous desert steppe | |||
78)小半灌木高寒草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous high-cold steppe | |||
27. 稀树草原 Savannahic grassland | 79)热带稀树草原 Tropical savannahic grassland | ||
80)干热(河谷)稀树草原 Xerothermic (valley) savannahic grassland | |||
四、极端干旱 植被 Extreme xeromorphic vegetation | IX. 小乔木荒漠 Semi-arborous desert | 28. 温性小乔木荒漠 Temperate semi-arborous desert | 81)退化叶小乔木荒漠 Degenerative leaved semi-arborous desert |
X. 灌木-半灌木 荒漠 Fruticous and semi-fruticous desert | 29. 常绿灌木半灌木荒漠 Evergreen fruticous and semi-fruticous desert | 82)常绿革叶灌木荒漠 Evergreen sclerophyllous fruticous desert | |
83)常绿肉质灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent fruticous desert | |||
84)常绿肉质半灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent semi-fruticous desert | |||
30. 落叶灌木-半灌木荒漠 Deciduous fruticous and semi-fruticous desert | 85)旱生叶灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved fruticous desert | ||
86)旱生叶半灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved semi-fruticous desert | |||
87)退化叶灌木荒漠 Degenerative leaved fruticous desert | |||
31. 垫状灌木荒漠 Cushion fruticous desert | 88)矮半灌木荒漠 Dwarf-semi-fruticous desert | ||
89)垫状小半灌木(高寒)荒漠 Cushion semi-fruticous (high-cold) desert | |||
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type | 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type | 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type | 植被型 Vegetation-type |
五、极端寒冷 植被 Extreme frigid vegetation | XI. 高山稀疏植被 Alpine sparse vegetation | 33. 高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation | 90)高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation |
XII. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation | 34. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation | 91)小灌木-藓类高山冻原 Dwarf-shrub and moss alpine tundra | |
92)草类-藓类高山冻原 Herb and moss alpine tundra | |||
93)地衣-藓类高山冻原 Lichen and moss alpine tundra | |||
XIII. 高山垫状 植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | 35. 高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | 94)高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation | |
六、湿地植被 Wetland vegetation | XIV. 沼泽 Swamp | 36. 沼泽 Swamp | 95)木本沼泽 Woody swamp |
96)草本沼泽 Herbaceous swamp | |||
97)藓类沼泽 Moss bog | |||
XV. 水生植被 Aquatic vegetation | 37. 淡水水生植被 Aquatic vegetation | 98)沉水植物群落 Submerged plant community | |
99)漂浮植物群落 Free floating plant community | |||
100)固着浮叶植物群落 Rooted floating-leaved plant community | |||
101)挺水植物群落 Emergent plant community |
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