华北落叶松林细根生物量对土壤水分、氮营养空间异质性改变的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00965

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林选取采伐干扰样地和未采伐干扰样地进行对比研究, 分析采伐干扰造成林下土壤水分和氮营养空间异质性的改变对细根生物量空间变异的影响。采用空间格局分析的小支撑、多样点的设计原则, 对每个样点的土壤分3层取样(0-10 cm、10-20 cm、20-30 cm)。进行细根(≤1 mm和1-2 mm)生物量与土壤含水量、全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和土壤pH的偏相关分析, 以及细根生物量变异函数值和土壤各因子变异函数值的线性回归分析。研究结果表明, 在不同样地, 细根生物量与土壤各因子均表现为正相关关系, 不同土层相关性强弱表现各异, 其中土壤含水量与细根生物量的相关性显著。受采伐干扰后, 细根生物量与土壤含水量、全氮、土壤硝态氮空间变异的关联性更趋于明显。多元线性回归分析结果表明, 采伐干扰样地细根生物量的空间变异更多地受到土壤多因子的综合影响, 而未采伐干扰样地的细根生物量受土壤水分、全氮和硝态氮单独效应的影响更大。

关键词: 采伐干扰, 细根生物量, 华北落叶松林, 土壤氮, 土壤含水量

Abstract:

Aims Fine root biomass is known to respond to spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of soil characteristics. Cutting disturbance created changes of soil physical and chemical factors, but how the changes affect fine root biomass and turnover processes remain unclear. Our objective was to analyze the relationships of spatial heterogeneity of the fine root biomass with changes of soil moisture and nitrogen by cutting disturbance in Larix principis- rupprechtii forest.
Methods This study was conducted in L. principis-rupprechtii forest of Pangquangou National Natural Reserve, located in Guandi Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. Two plots (32 m × 32 m) were placed. Plot A was a disturbed stand, but plot B was undisturbed. Each soil core (30 cm depth) was separated into 3 sections, 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. The live fine roots were classified into two categories (≤ 1 and 1-2 mm). The partial correlation and the multi-regression coefficients of the semivariance between fine root biomass and soil moisture, nitrogen and pH were analyzed based on theory and methodology of spatial pattern analysis in geostatistics.
Important findings Spatial variability of fine root biomass and spatial heterogeneity of soil nitrogen and soil moisture were positively correlated, with the latter being significantly stronger than the former. After cutting disturbance, the correlation became more significant. The correlation between spatial variability of fine root biomass and spatial heterogeneity of soil ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) and pH was unclear in disturbed and undisturbed stands. Multiple regressions of soil factors against biomass of fine root were statistically significant. However, spatial distribution of biomass of fine roots was largely affected by soil moisture and total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen after cutting disturbance.

Key words: cutting disturbance, fine root biomass, Larix principis-rupprechtii forest, soil nitrogen, soil water content

杨秀云, 韩有志, 武小钢. 华北落叶松林细根生物量对土壤水分、氮营养空间异质性改变的响应. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(9): 965-972. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00965

YANG Xiu-Yun, HAN You-Zhi, WU Xiao-Gang. Response of fine root biomass to changes in spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and nitrogen in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(9): 965-972. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00965

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样地 Plot	胸径 DBH (cm)	树高 Tree height (m)	林分密度 Density of stand (ind.·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	坡位 Slope position	海拔 Altitude (m)	枯枝落叶层厚度 Thickness of litter (cm)
采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	23.5	22	507	0.6	25	东北Northeast	中 Middle slope	1 822	2
未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	17.9	24	751	0.8	30	东北Northeast	中上 Upper-middle slope	1 890	3

样地 Plot	胸径 DBH (cm)	树高 Tree height (m)	林分密度 Density of stand (ind.·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	坡位 Slope position	海拔 Altitude (m)	枯枝落叶层厚度 Thickness of litter (cm)
采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	23.5	22	507	0.6	25	东北Northeast	中 Middle slope	1 822	2
未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	17.9	24	751	0.8	30	东北Northeast	中上 Upper-middle slope	1 890	3

样地 Plot	细根径级 Diameter class of fine root	土层 Soil layer (cm)	土壤含水量 Soil water content	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	土壤硝态氮 Soil nitrate nitrogen	土壤铵态氮 Soil ammonium nitrogen	土壤pH Soil pH
采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	≤1 mm	0-10	0.328^**	0.109^**	0.078^*	0.050	0.021
		10-20	0.227^**	0.022	0.101	0.166^**	0.010
		20-30	0.128^**	0.114	0.134^**	0.036	0.059
	1-2 mm	0-10	0.258^**	0.041	0.091^**	0.020	0.069
		10-20	0.030	0.097^**	0.105	0.162^**	0.083
		20-30	0.142	0.186^**	0.041	0.185^**	0.153^**
未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	≤1 mm	0-10	0.207^**	0.156^**	0.102	0.009	0.104^*
		10-20	0.277^**	0.095^**	0.055	0.007	0.038
		20-30	0.248^**	0.023	0.051	0.040	0.077
	1-2 mm	0-10	0.080^**	0.032	0.050	0.170^**	0.007
		10-20	0.254^**	0.119^**	0.164^**	0.091	0.016
		20-30	0.188^**	0.023	0.068	0.017	0.013

样地 Plot	细根径级 Diameter class of fine root	土层 Soil layer (cm)	土壤含水量 Soil water content	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	土壤硝态氮 Soil nitrate nitrogen	土壤铵态氮 Soil ammonium nitrogen	土壤pH Soil pH
采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	≤1 mm	0-10	0.328^**	0.109^**	0.078^*	0.050	0.021
		10-20	0.227^**	0.022	0.101	0.166^**	0.010
		20-30	0.128^**	0.114	0.134^**	0.036	0.059
	1-2 mm	0-10	0.258^**	0.041	0.091^**	0.020	0.069
		10-20	0.030	0.097^**	0.105	0.162^**	0.083
		20-30	0.142	0.186^**	0.041	0.185^**	0.153^**
未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	≤1 mm	0-10	0.207^**	0.156^**	0.102	0.009	0.104^*
		10-20	0.277^**	0.095^**	0.055	0.007	0.038
		20-30	0.248^**	0.023	0.051	0.040	0.077
	1-2 mm	0-10	0.080^**	0.032	0.050	0.170^**	0.007
		10-20	0.254^**	0.119^**	0.164^**	0.091	0.016
		20-30	0.188^**	0.023	0.068	0.017	0.013

细根径级 Diameter class of fine root	土层 Soil layer (cm)	样地 Plot	土壤含水量 Soil water content	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen	土壤硝态氮 Soil nitrate nitrogen	土壤铵态氮 Soil ammonium nitrogen	R²	F
≤1 mm	0-10	采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	2.085^*	-0.383	0.044	-0.108	-1.686^**	0.732	8.170^*
	0-10	未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	-0.195	-0.054	-0.053	0.962^**	0.146	0.842	15.233^**
	10-20	采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	-0.063	0.766^**	-0.860	1.172	0.082	0.195	1.388
	10-20	未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	0.354	-0.345	0.743	-0.834^**	-0.073	0.338	2.120
	20-30	采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	0.812	0.040	0.245	-0.217	0.004	0.642	5.618^*
	20-30	未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	-0.866	0.537	0.377	0.053	-0.120	0.142	1.178
1-2 mm	0-10	采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	1.005	0.077	-0.088	-0.232	-1.346^*	0.693	6.896^*
	0-10	未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	0.230	0.765^*	0.436	-0.641	-0.354	0.259	1.679
	10-20	采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	-0.312	0.134	0.344	-0.871	0.139	0.785	10.660^**
	10-20	未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	-0.087	-0.257	0.725^*	-0.535	0.443	0.569	4.326^*
	20-30	采伐干扰样地 Cutting disturbance plot	-0.576	0.504	-0.143	-0.590	-0.043	0.645	5.681^**
	20-30	未采伐干扰样地 Non-cutting disturbance plot	-0.151	0.820^**	0.452^**	-0.520^**	0.199	0.906	27.170^**