疏叶骆驼刺根系对土壤异质性和种间竞争的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01015

植物生态学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 1015-1023.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01015

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

疏叶骆驼刺根系对土壤异质性和种间竞争的响应

罗维成¹^,²^,³, 曾凡江¹^,²^,^*(), 刘波¹^,²^,³, 张利刚¹^,²^,³, 宋聪¹^,²^,³, 彭守兰¹^,²^,³, StefanK.ARNDT⁴

¹中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测试验研究站, 新疆策勒 848300
³中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049
⁴澳大利亚墨尔本大学森林与生态系统科学系, Creswick, VIC 3363, 澳大利亚

收稿日期:2012-04-09 接受日期:2012-06-06 出版日期:2012-04-09 发布日期:2012-09-26
通讯作者: 曾凡江
作者简介:* (E-mail: fjzeng369@sohu.com)

Response of root systems to soil heterogeneity and interspecific competition in Alhagi sparsi- folia

LUO Wei-Cheng¹^,²^,³, ZENG Fan-Jiang¹^,²^,^*(), LIU Bo¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Li-Gang¹^,²^,³, SONG Cong¹^,²^,³, PENG Shou-Lan¹^,²^,³, Stefan K. ARNDT⁴

¹Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academic of Sciences, ürümqi 830011, China;
²Cele National Field Science Observation and Research Station of Desert Grassland Ecosystem, Cele, Xinjiang 848300 China
³Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁴Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia

Received:2012-04-09 Accepted:2012-06-06 Online:2012-04-09 Published:2012-09-26
Contact: ZENG Fan-Jiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 植物根系对土壤异质性的响应和植物根系之间的相互作用一直是研究的热点。过去的研究主要是针对一年生短命植物进行的, 而且多是在人工控制的温室条件下进行的。而对于多年生植物根系对养分异质性和竞争的综合作用研究很少。该文对塔里木盆地南缘多年生植物疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)根系生长对养分异质性和竞争条件的响应途径与适应策略进行了研究, 结果表明: (1)在无竞争的条件下, 疏叶骆驼刺根系优先向空间大的地方生长, 即使另一侧有养分斑块存在, 其根系也向着空间大的一侧生长; (2)在有竞争的条件下, 疏叶骆驼刺根系生长依然是优先占领空间大的一侧, 但是竞争者的存在抑制了疏叶骆驼刺的生长, 导致其枝叶生物量和根系生物量都明显减少(p < 0.01), 而养分斑块的存在促进了疏叶骆驼刺根系的生长; (3)疏叶骆驼刺根系的生长不仅需要养分, 也需要足够的空间, 空间比养分更重要; (4)有竞争者存在的时候, 两株植物的根系都先长向靠近竞争者一侧的空间, 即先占据“共有空间”。研究结果对理解植物根系觅食行为和植物对环境的适应策略有重要意义。

关键词: 疏叶骆驼刺, 植物竞争, 根系, 土壤异质性

Abstract:

Aims The responses of plant roots to soil heterogeneity and the interactive effects among plant roots have been important research topics in recent years. Most studies have focused on annual plant species and conducted experiments in controlled greenhouse conditions. Few comprehensive studies have been carried out on the response of perennial plant roots to soil heterogeneity and competition. Our objective is to investigate the responses and adaptive strategies of root-system growth of the perennial plant Alhagi sparsifolia to nutrient heterogeneity and competition.
Methods We used sheep feces as nutrient patches to form soil heterogeneity and planted A. sparsifolia in glass pools. Seedlings received one of six factorial combinations of soil heterogeneity (uniform, patch-center and patch-edge) and competition treatments (alone versus with competition). We excavated whole plants and analyzed their root biomass, root respiration, root system architecture and other related characteristics in each treatment after 100 days.
Important findings Roots of A. sparsifolia grow in the direction where soil space is abundant under no plant competition, even though nutrient patches are present on the opposite side. Roots of A. sparsifolia also grow in the direction where soil space is abundant under plant competition, but neighboring plants limited the development of focal plants, resulting in significantly reduced root and shoot biomass (p < 0.01). Nutrient patches promote the growth of plant roots. The growth of A. sparsifolia roots needs both nutrients and soil space, and space is more important than nutrients. If neighbors are present, plant roots first occupy the space where competitors exist.

Key words: Alhagi sparsifolia, plant competition, root system, soil heterogeneity

罗维成, 曾凡江, 刘波, 张利刚, 宋聪, 彭守兰, StefanK.ARNDT. 疏叶骆驼刺根系对土壤异质性和种间竞争的响应. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(10): 1015-1023. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01015

LUO Wei-Cheng, ZENG Fan-Jiang, LIU Bo, ZHANG Li-Gang, SONG Cong, PENG Shou-Lan, Stefan K. ARNDT. Response of root systems to soil heterogeneity and interspecific competition in Alhagi sparsi- folia. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(10): 1015-1023. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01015

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01015

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I10/1015

图/表 5

图1 疏叶骆驼刺在玻璃池中的位置及其根系生物量的水平分布(平均值±标准误差)。 A, 无养分斑块, 无竞争者。B, 养分斑块位于边缘, 无竞争者。C, 养分斑块位于中央, 无竞争者。D, 无养分斑块, 有竞争者。E, 养分斑块位于边缘, 有竞争者。F, 养分斑块位于中央, 有竞争者。每个长方形框表示一个玻璃池(长、高比例未按真实比例显示), 底部数字代表玻璃池的长度(cm)。每幅图最上面的黑色植物图代表目标植物和竞争植物的位置。图中斜线框表示养分斑块。白色的水平框表示目标植物垂直根系左右两侧的根系生物量, 黑色水平框表示竞争植物垂直根系左右两侧的根系生物量。

Fig. 1 Location of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings in the glass container and the horizontal distribution of root biomass (mean ± SE). A, No nutrient addition, no competitor. B, Nutrient patch at the edge, no competitor. C, nutrient patch at the center, no competitor. D, No nutrient patch, with competitor. E, Nutrient patch at the edge, with competitor. F, Nutrient patch at the center, with competitor. Each rectangle represents a glass container (length-height ratio of the rectangle does not presenting the real proportion of glass container), and the numbers at the bottom of box represent the length of glass container (cm). The location of the plant individuals is marked. Diagonal bars denote the nutrient patches. The horizontal unfilled bars indicate the root biomass of the root on the left and right side of root system of the focal plant, and the horizontal black bars represent the left- and right-side root biomass of the competitor.

图2 目标植物在土壤处理和竞争处理条件下的生物量(平均值±标准误差)。正、负数分别代表植物地上枝叶生物量和地下根系生物量, 白色和黑色分别表示在无竞争者和有竞争者存在时的目标植物生物量。图中不同小写字母表示目标植物在不同处理下生物量差异显著(p < 0.01)。

Fig. 2 Focal plant biomass under soil nutrient patch treatments and competition treatment (mean ± SE). Positive numbers represent the shoot biomass (above x-axis), and negative numbers indicate the root biomass (below x-axis). The white bars represent the biomass of the focal plant without comepetor, and the black bars indicate the plant biomass with competitors. Different lowercase letters indicate the significant differences in the biomass of the focal plant under different treatments (p < 0.01).

表1 不同处理下植物各部分生物量的双因素方差分析结果

Table 1 Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) results of biomass of different parts of plants under different treatments

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	根系生物量 Root biomass		枝叶生物量 Shoot biomass		总生物量 Total biomass
		F	p	F	p	F	p
竞争处理 Competition treatment	1	61.348	0.001	38.472	0.003	34.386	0.004
土壤处理 Soil treatment	2	1.085	0.396	1.400	0.317	0.678	0.543
竞争和土壤处理 Competition by soil treatment	1	1.973	0.233	1.716	0.260	2.255	0.208

表2 根系呼吸速率(nmol·g-1·s-1, 平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Respiration rate of root system (nmol·g-1·s-1, mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment		目标植物 Focal plant		竞争植物 Competitor plant
处理 Treatment		左侧根系 Left root	右侧根系 Right root	左侧根系 Left root	右侧根系 Right root
无养分斑块 No nutrient patch	无竞争者 No competitor	-32.52 ± 0.81^a	-83.78 ± 1.38^b	-	-
无养分斑块 No nutrient patch	有竞争者 With a competitor	-30.82 ± 0.11^a	-47.06 ± 0.12^c	-34.82 ± 0.02^a	-56.56 ± 0.23^b
养分斑块边缘 Patch-edge	无竞争者 No competitor	-40.95 ± 0.53^a	-91.37 ± 0.62^b	-	-
养分斑块边缘 Patch-edge	有竞争者 With a competitor	-35.87 ± 1.16^a	-42.94 ± 0.17^a	-43.45 ± 0.06^a	-60.99 ± 0.43^b
养分斑块中央 Patch-center	无竞争者 No competitor	-36.87 ± 0.47^a	-102.28 ± 0.25^b	-	-
养分斑块中央 Patch-center	有竞争者 With a competitor	-30.87 ± 1.09^a	-49.27 ± 0.14^c	-40.14 ± 1.02^a	-41.87 ± 0.46^a

图3 玻璃池中目标植物和竞争植物根系的分布。所有图中左侧的植物为目标植物; D、E、F图中右侧的植物为竞争植物。纵横长度分别代表玻璃池的高度与长度。

Fig. 3 Root distribution of the focal plant and competitor in the glass container. Focal plant is at the left side in each illustration, and the competitor is at the right side in D, E and F. The vertical length and horizontal length in each illustration represent the height and length of the glass container.

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疏叶骆驼刺根系对土壤异质性和种间竞争的响应

Response of root systems to soil heterogeneity and interspecific competition in Alhagi sparsi- folia

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