土壤水分对黄土高原主要造林树种细根表面积 季节动态的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在黄土丘陵沟壑区陕西省安塞县, 于2007年生长季内, 采用根钻法对刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林地的细根和土壤水分进行了动态调查。结果表明: 生长季内, 刺槐、侧柏、油松林地0-200 cm土层的土壤含水量变动较大, 此土层是树木细根表面积的主要分布层, 分别有82.4% (侧柏)、86.5% (刺槐)和87.5% (油松)的细根表面积分布。侧柏、刺槐、油松细根表面积垂直分布与剖面土壤水分间呈显著的正相关关系(p < 0.05)。模型S = Ah^B(C + Dh + Eh² + Fh³)可以较好地拟合不同树种细根表面积的垂直分布, 拟合决定系数R²均在0.85以上。刺槐、侧柏、油松林地土壤含水量的动态变化均表现为10月>4月>6月>8月。刺槐、油松细根表面积在6月出现1个高峰, 侧柏在6月和10月各出现1个高峰。树木细根表面积动态与土壤含水量的季节动态不完全一致。侧柏、刺槐、油松生长所需的水分约87%来自降水的补给。但是, 总体上侧柏、刺槐、油松细根表面积与林地土壤含水量的相关性不显著(p > 0.05)。全面了解树木细根季节动态的机理, 还需对水分、温度、养分和树种本身遗传特性等影响因子进行综合研究。

关键词: 造林树种, 细根, 黄土高原, 季节动态, 土壤含水量

Abstract:

Aims Fine root surface area is important for nutrient and water uptake, but its seasonal dynamics remain poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the seasonal dynamics of fine root surface area and its relation with the soil water content in Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis plantations.

Methods The study was conducted in Ansai County (36°30′ N, 108°51′ E), Shaanxi Province, China. Fine root surface area and soil water content were investigated by soil cores (300.0 cm depth, 6.8 cm diameter) taken in April, June, August and October 2007, at different horizontal distances (50, 100 and 150 cm) from the stem. Live root surface area and diameter were measured using the WinRHIZO root morphology and architecture measurement system. Fine root (≤2 mm) area density (surface area of root per unit soil volume, FRAD) was determined for every soil sample. The soil samples were oven-dried at 105 °C for 8 h and weighed to determine the soil water content by dry weight.

Important findings Throughout the study period, large variations in soil water content occurred in the 0-200 cm soil layer where 86.5%, 82.4% and 87.7% of the total fine root surface area were concentrated in the R. pseudoacacia, P. orientalis and P. tabulaeformis plantations, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between vertical distribution of fine root surface area and soil water distribution in the profile. The model S = Ah^B(C + Dh + Eh² + Fh³) describes the fine root surface area vertical distribution of the plantations with R² > 0.85. The mean soil water content in all plantations changed in order of October > April > June > August. The highest value of fine root surface area was in June for R. pseudoacacia and P. tabulaeformis and in June and October for P. orientalis. There were differences in the seasonal dynamics of fine root surface area and soil water content. Of the water that the three plantations needed for growth, 87% came from precipitation, but there was no significant correlation (p < 0.05) between fine root surface area and soil water content. The study indicates that combined and integrated soil moisture, temperature, available nitrogen and genetic characteristics of tree species should be considered in research on seasonal dynamics of fine roots.

Key words: afforestation tree species, fine root, Loess Plateau, seasonal dynamics, soil water content

王迪海, 赵忠, 李剑. 土壤水分对黄土高原主要造林树种细根表面积季节动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(7): 819-826. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.007

WANG Di-Hai, ZHAO Zhong, LI Jian. Impact of soil moisture on the seasonal dynamics of fine root surface area of major afforestation tree species on China’s Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(7): 819-826. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.007

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.07.007

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2010/V34/I7/819

图/表 4

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序号 No.	树种 Tree species	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	土壤 Soil	林龄 Stand age (a)	平均树高Average tree height (m)	平均胸径Average DBH (cm)	林分密度 Stand density (tree·hm^-2)
1	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	东北Northeast	30	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	40	14.9	23.3	1 180
2	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	东北Northeast	30	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	40	13.5	23.5	1 176
3	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	东北Northeast	32	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	40	16.1	25.3	1 185
4	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	西北Northwest	15	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	2.2	3.3	1 243
5	侧柏 P. orientalis	西北Northwest	15	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	2.5	4.3	1 245
6	侧柏 P. orientalis	西北Northwest	15	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	2.6	4.1	1 240
7	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	西北Northwest	20	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	3.1	4.8	1 242

序号 No.	树种 Tree species	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	土壤 Soil	林龄 Stand age (a)	平均树高Average tree height (m)	平均胸径Average DBH (cm)	林分密度 Stand density (tree·hm^-2)
1	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	东北Northeast	30	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	40	14.9	23.3	1 180
2	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	东北Northeast	30	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	40	13.5	23.5	1 176
3	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	东北Northeast	32	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	40	16.1	25.3	1 185
4	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	西北Northwest	15	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	2.2	3.3	1 243
5	侧柏 P. orientalis	西北Northwest	15	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	2.5	4.3	1 245
6	侧柏 P. orientalis	西北Northwest	15	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	2.6	4.1	1 240
7	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	西北Northwest	20	黄绵土 Yellow loessial soil	21	3.1	4.8	1 242

项目 Item	树种 Tree species	时间 Time
项目 Item	树种 Tree species	2007-04	2007-06	2007-08	2007-10
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	6.98 ± 0.92^aA	4.30 ± 0.80^bA	3.73 ± 0.65^bA	10.11 ± 1.07^cA
	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	5.16 ± 1.51^aA	4.44 ± 0.79^aA	4.39 ± 0.57^aA	11.21 ± 0.82^bA
	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	6.09 ± 0.97^aA	5.32 ± 0.40^aA	5.28 ± 0.37^aA	10.57 ± 0.79^bA
细根表面积 Fine root surface area of trees (cm²·dm^-3)	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	17.85 ± 6.11^abA	27.66 ± 6.84^cA	17.10 ± 6.53^abA	21.19 ± 5.49^bA
	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	30.62 ± 5.76^aB	41.73 ± 11.83^bB	24.46 ± 5.68^aB	39.49 ± 13.01^bB
	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	29.45 ± 7.46^aB	42.18 ± 3.61^bB	24.13 ± 4.56^aB	29.07 ± 6.11^aC

项目 Item	树种 Tree species	时间 Time
项目 Item	树种 Tree species	2007-04	2007-06	2007-08	2007-10
土壤含水量 Soil water content (%)	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	6.98 ± 0.92^aA	4.30 ± 0.80^bA	3.73 ± 0.65^bA	10.11 ± 1.07^cA
	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	5.16 ± 1.51^aA	4.44 ± 0.79^aA	4.39 ± 0.57^aA	11.21 ± 0.82^bA
	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	6.09 ± 0.97^aA	5.32 ± 0.40^aA	5.28 ± 0.37^aA	10.57 ± 0.79^bA
细根表面积 Fine root surface area of trees (cm²·dm^-3)	刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	17.85 ± 6.11^abA	27.66 ± 6.84^cA	17.10 ± 6.53^abA	21.19 ± 5.49^bA
	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	30.62 ± 5.76^aB	41.73 ± 11.83^bB	24.46 ± 5.68^aB	39.49 ± 13.01^bB
	油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	29.45 ± 7.46^aB	42.18 ± 3.61^bB	24.13 ± 4.56^aB	29.07 ± 6.11^aC

树种 Tree species	A	B	C	D	E	F	R²	h_max (cm)	h_p (cm)	h_q (cm)	η₁ (%)
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	0.004 91	0.005 61	10 214.80	-107.975 0	0.473 87	-0.000 72	0.98	311.12	17.56	203.74	88.31
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	0.014 66	-0.761 91	60 166.67	-259.219 0	2.068 19	-0.004 56	0.98	307.57	12.95	204.72	87.42
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	0.001 23	0.366 42	2 609.55	-25.984 4	0.117 11	-0.000 17	0.85	300.23	10.28	200.32	87.16