植物生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 1404-1413.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.006
王欣1,2, 高贤明1,*(
)
收稿日期:2010-02-24
接受日期:2010-05-31
出版日期:2010-02-24
发布日期:2010-12-28
通讯作者:
高贤明
作者简介:(E-mail: xmgao@ibcas.ac.cn)
WANG Xin1,2, GAO Xian-Ming1,*()
Received:2010-02-24
Accepted:2010-05-31
Online:2010-02-24
Published:2010-12-28
Contact:
GAO Xian-Ming
摘要：
根据三峡水库水位运行时间, 设计了30、75、115、155、195和240天共6个水淹时间梯度(T-1、T-2、T-3、T-4、T-5和T-6), 采用模拟水淹的方法, 研究了不同水淹时间对三峡消落带4种常见的一年生草本植物稗(Echinochloa crusgali)、金狗尾草(Setaria pumila)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)和荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)种子萌发的影响。结果表明: 1)随着水淹处理时间的增长, 这4种植物的萌发率基本上呈现先增高后降低的趋势。稗和荩草在T-1-T-5的种子萌发率显著高于对照(CK) (p < 0.05), T-6和CK之间差异不显著。金狗尾草T-2、T-3的萌发率显著高于CK (p < 0.05), T-1、T-4-T-6与CK之间无显著性差异。马唐在水淹处理(T-1-T-6)的萌发率均显著高于对照(CK), 但长时间水淹处理(T-4-T-6)对萌发的促进作用要低于短时间水淹处理(T-1-T-3)。这说明一定时间的水淹有利于打破种子休眠并提高种子萌发率。2)一定时间的水淹处理加快了稗、金狗尾草、马唐和荩草的萌发进程。对照组种子的日萌发率较均匀, 萌发曲线较平缓。而水淹处理的种子多集中在3-5天内大量萌发。和对照相比, 一定时间的水淹处理显著提高了这4种植物种子的萌发指数, 缩短了种子的萌发持续时间, 提早了种子萌发高峰时间和达到50%萌发率的时间。长时间的水淹对种子的萌发进程影响不大。3)总体来说, 稗、金狗尾草、马唐和荩草在各个处理下的萌发率均较高(> 40%), 可以考虑作为三峡消落带植被恢复的备选物种。
王欣, 高贤明. 模拟水淹对三峡库区常见一年生草本植物种子萌发的影响. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(12): 1404-1413. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.006
WANG Xin, GAO Xian-Ming. Effects of simulated submergence on seed germination of four common annual herbs in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(12): 1404-1413. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.12.006
图1 三峡库区水位消落曲线示意图(苏维词等, 2009)。
Fig. 1 Sketch curve of water-level-fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir (Su et al., 2009).
| 处理 Treatment | 水淹开始时间 Date when submergence began | 水淹结束时间 Date when submergence ended | 水淹天数 Submergence duration (d) | 海拔范围 Elevation range (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-1 | 2008-11-5 | 2008-12-5 | 30 | 175-170 |
| T-2 | 2008-11-3 | 2009-1-17 | 75 | 170-165 |
| T-3 | 2008-11-1 | 2009-2-24 | 115 | 165-160 |
| T-4 | 2008-10-25 | 2009-3-29 | 155 | 160-155 |
| T-5 | 2008-10-8 | 2009-4-21 | 195 | 155-150 |
| T-6 | 2008-10-3 | 2009-5-31 | 240 | 150-145 |
表1 种子不同水淹处理时间及对应海拔段
Table 1 Different submergence durations of seeds and corresponding elevation ranges
| 处理 Treatment | 水淹开始时间 Date when submergence began | 水淹结束时间 Date when submergence ended | 水淹天数 Submergence duration (d) | 海拔范围 Elevation range (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-1 | 2008-11-5 | 2008-12-5 | 30 | 175-170 |
| T-2 | 2008-11-3 | 2009-1-17 | 75 | 170-165 |
| T-3 | 2008-11-1 | 2009-2-24 | 115 | 165-160 |
| T-4 | 2008-10-25 | 2009-3-29 | 155 | 160-155 |
| T-5 | 2008-10-8 | 2009-4-21 | 195 | 155-150 |
| T-6 | 2008-10-3 | 2009-5-31 | 240 | 150-145 |
图2 不同水淹时间对稗、金狗尾草、马唐和荩草种子最终萌发率的影响(平均数±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK、T-1-T-6同表1。
Fig. 2 The final seed germination of Echinochloa crusgali, Setaria pumila, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Arthraxon hispidus under different durations of water submergence (mean ± SE). Different small letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level. CK, T-1-T-6 see Table 1.
| 物种 Species | 处理 Treatment | 萌发指数 Germination index (mean ± SE) | 萌发开始时间 Day when germ- ination began(d) | 萌发高峰时间 Day when germination peak appeared (d) | 达到50%萌发率的时间 Day when seed germination accumulated up to 50% (d) | 萌发持续时间 Germination period (d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稗 E. crusgali | CK | 4.40 ± 0.14d | 3 | 4, 7, 9, 10 | 11 | 17 |
| T-1 | 11.80 ± 0.85b | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | |
| T-2 | 13.45 ± 0.39a | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | |
| T-3 | 12.52 ± 0.24ab | 2 | 4 | 4 | 8 | |
| T-4 | 12.29 ± 0.34ab | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 | |
| T-5 | 8.34 ± 0.06c | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| T-6 | 4.71 ± 0.31d | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 | |
| 金狗尾草 S. pumila | CK | 3.03 ± 0.29c | 5 | 5, 6, 19 | 19 | 16 |
| T-1 | 5.51 ± 0.77b | 4 | 6 | 6 | 10 | |
| T-2 | 6.83 ± 0.31a | 4 | 6 | 6 | 11 | |
| T-3 | 6.34 ± 0.47ab | 4 | 5 | 6 | 11 | |
| T-4 | 2.95 ± 0.29c | 5 | 6 | 16 | 12 | |
| T-5 | 3.58 ± 0.17c | 4 | 5 | - | 13 | |
| T-6 | 2.65 ± 0.35c | 5 | 11 | - | 13 | |
| 马唐 D. sanguinalis | CK | 2.66 ± 0.13f | 5 | 18 | 18 | 16 |
| T-1 | 8.30 ± 0.19c | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | |
| T-2 | 11.09 ± 0.19b | 3 | 5 | 5 | 9 | |
| T-3 | 11.91 ± 0.15a | 3 | 4 | 4 | 9 | |
| T-4 | 7.64 ± 0.20d | 3 | 5 | 6 | 16 | |
| T-5 | 3.46 ± 0.06e | 6 | 10 | 13 | 14 | |
| T-6 | 3.64 ± 0.19e | 5 | 10 | 11 | 15 | |
| 荩草 A. hispidus | CK | 2.25 ± 0.13d | 10 | 12 | 14 | 8 |
| T-1 | 3.57 ± 0.04ab | 9 | 10 | 12 | 7 | |
| T-2 | 3.54 ± 0.19ab | 10 | 11 | 12 | 6 | |
| T-3 | 3.70 ± 0.09a | 10 | 10 | 11 | 5 | |
| T-4 | 3.28 ± 0.13b | 10 | 11 | 11 | 5 | |
| T-5 | 2.70 ± 0.13c | 9 | 11 | 14 | 11 | |
| T-6 | 1.99 ± 0.03d | 10 | 20 | 20 | 11 |
表2 不同水淹时间对种子萌发特性的影响
Table 2 The germination characteristics of Echinochloa crusgali, Setaria pumila, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Arthraxon hispidus under different durations of water submergence
| 物种 Species | 处理 Treatment | 萌发指数 Germination index (mean ± SE) | 萌发开始时间 Day when germ- ination began(d) | 萌发高峰时间 Day when germination peak appeared (d) | 达到50%萌发率的时间 Day when seed germination accumulated up to 50% (d) | 萌发持续时间 Germination period (d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 稗 E. crusgali | CK | 4.40 ± 0.14d | 3 | 4, 7, 9, 10 | 11 | 17 |
| T-1 | 11.80 ± 0.85b | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | |
| T-2 | 13.45 ± 0.39a | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | |
| T-3 | 12.52 ± 0.24ab | 2 | 4 | 4 | 8 | |
| T-4 | 12.29 ± 0.34ab | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 | |
| T-5 | 8.34 ± 0.06c | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| T-6 | 4.71 ± 0.31d | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 | |
| 金狗尾草 S. pumila | CK | 3.03 ± 0.29c | 5 | 5, 6, 19 | 19 | 16 |
| T-1 | 5.51 ± 0.77b | 4 | 6 | 6 | 10 | |
| T-2 | 6.83 ± 0.31a | 4 | 6 | 6 | 11 | |
| T-3 | 6.34 ± 0.47ab | 4 | 5 | 6 | 11 | |
| T-4 | 2.95 ± 0.29c | 5 | 6 | 16 | 12 | |
| T-5 | 3.58 ± 0.17c | 4 | 5 | - | 13 | |
| T-6 | 2.65 ± 0.35c | 5 | 11 | - | 13 | |
| 马唐 D. sanguinalis | CK | 2.66 ± 0.13f | 5 | 18 | 18 | 16 |
| T-1 | 8.30 ± 0.19c | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 | |
| T-2 | 11.09 ± 0.19b | 3 | 5 | 5 | 9 | |
| T-3 | 11.91 ± 0.15a | 3 | 4 | 4 | 9 | |
| T-4 | 7.64 ± 0.20d | 3 | 5 | 6 | 16 | |
| T-5 | 3.46 ± 0.06e | 6 | 10 | 13 | 14 | |
| T-6 | 3.64 ± 0.19e | 5 | 10 | 11 | 15 | |
| 荩草 A. hispidus | CK | 2.25 ± 0.13d | 10 | 12 | 14 | 8 |
| T-1 | 3.57 ± 0.04ab | 9 | 10 | 12 | 7 | |
| T-2 | 3.54 ± 0.19ab | 10 | 11 | 12 | 6 | |
| T-3 | 3.70 ± 0.09a | 10 | 10 | 11 | 5 | |
| T-4 | 3.28 ± 0.13b | 10 | 11 | 11 | 5 | |
| T-5 | 2.70 ± 0.13c | 9 | 11 | 14 | 11 | |
| T-6 | 1.99 ± 0.03d | 10 | 20 | 20 | 11 |
图3 4种一年生草本植物种子的萌发进程。A, 稗。B, 金狗尾草。C, 马唐。D, 荩草。CK、T-1-T-6同表1。
Fig. 3 The germination course of Echinochloa crusgali (A), Setaria pumila (B), Digitaria sanguinalis (C), and Arthraxon hispidus (D). CK, T-1-T-6 see Table 1.
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