植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 138-144.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0017
收稿日期:
2005-10-17
接受日期:
2006-03-13
出版日期:
2007-10-17
发布日期:
2007-01-30
通讯作者:
戴廷波
作者简介:
* Email: tingbod@njau.edu.cn基金资助:
LIU Jian-Hui, SUN Jian-Yun, DAI Ting-Bo(), JIANG Dong, JING Qi, CAO Wei-Xing
Received:
2005-10-17
Accepted:
2006-03-13
Online:
2007-10-17
Published:
2007-01-30
Contact:
DAI Ting-Bo
摘要:
以二倍体野生一粒小麦(Triticum boeoticum)、栽培一粒小麦(T. monococcum)、节节麦(Aegilops tauschii)和黑麦(Secale cereale)、四倍体野生二粒小麦(T. dicoccoides)、栽培二粒小麦(T. dicoccum)、硬粒小麦(T. durum)、六倍体普通小麦(T. aestivum)‘扬麦9号’和‘扬麦158’及八倍体小黑麦(Triticale)为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了不同小麦进化材料生育后期旗叶光合特性的演变及产量的差异。结果表明,与六倍体普通小麦和八倍体小黑麦相比,二倍体和四倍体材料在开花前具有较高的光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)。开花以后,二倍体和四倍体材料受非气孔因素的影响,光合能力下降较快;除黑麦外,旗叶光合速率在开花10 d后都低于普通小麦和小黑麦,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)迅速增加,Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和叶绿素含量快速下降。二倍体和四倍体材料开花前单株总叶面积和旗叶叶面积较大,花后下降迅速,功能期短;单株穗数也较多,但穗粒数、千粒重、产量和收获指数却显著低于普通小麦。因此,小麦长期进化过程中,普通小麦花后较高的光合能力及较长的光合持续期是提高千粒重,进而提高产量的重要生理基础。
刘建辉, 孙建云, 戴廷波, 姜东, 荆奇, 曹卫星. 不同小麦进化材料生育后期光合特性和产量. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 138-144. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0017
LIU Jian-Hui, SUN Jian-Yun, DAI Ting-Bo, JIANG Dong, JING Qi, CAO Wei-Xing. LATE-GROWTH PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GRAIN YIELD OF DIFFERENT WHEAT EVOLUTIONARY MATERIALS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(1): 138-144. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0017
图1 不同小麦进化材料生育后期SPAD的变化 YS1:二倍体野生一粒小麦(Triticum boeoticum) ZP1:栽培一粒小麦(T. monococcum) JJM:节节麦(Aegilops tauschii) HM:黑麦(Secale cereale) YS2:野生二粒小麦(T. dicoccoides) ZP2:栽培二粒小麦(T. dicoccum) YLM:硬粒小麦(T. dicoccum) YM9:普通小麦‘扬麦9号’(T. aestivum cv. Yangmai9) YM158:普通小麦‘扬麦158号’(T. aestivum cv. Yangmai158) XHM:八倍体小黑麦(Triticale) 括号内数字为旗叶占单株总叶面积的比例 The data in the brackets represent the fraction of flag leaf area to plant leaf area -10代表孕穗期 -10 represents booting stage
Fig.1 Changes of SPAD in flag leaves of different wheat evolution materials during late growth period
图2 不同小麦进化材料生育后期光合速率(Pn)的变化 图注见图1
Fig.2 Changes of Net photosynthesynthesis (Pn) in flag leaves of different wheat evolution materials during late growth period Note see Fig. 1
图3 不同小麦进化材料生育后期旗叶气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化 图注见图1
Fig.3 Changes of stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercelular CO2 cocentration (Ci) in flag leaves of different wheat evolution materials during late growth period Note see Fig. 1
图4 不同小麦进化材料生育后期旗叶最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)的变化 图注见图1
Fig.4 Changes of maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and actual light transformation efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) in flag leaves of different wheat evolution materials during late growth period Note see Fig. 1
倍性 Ploidy | 小麦进化材料 Wheat evolution materials | 孕穗 Booting | 开花 Anthesis | 花后10天 10 days after anthesis | 花后20天 20 days after anthesis | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | FLA | LA | FLA | LA | FLA | LA | FLA | ||||||||||||||
二倍体 Dioploid | YS1 | 414.89 | 60.40(14.6) | 235.46 | 62.09(26.4) | 116.40 | 65.32(56.1) | 15.40 | 12.35(80.2) | ||||||||||||
ZP1 | 426.73 | 41.23(9.7) | 269.97 | 47.34(17.5) | 118.50 | 43.93(37.1) | 12.75 | 10.51(82.4) | |||||||||||||
JJM | 332.61 | 48.97(14.7) | 311.21 | 56.84(18.3) | 81.90 | 31.89(39.0) | 10.39 | 10.36(99.7) | |||||||||||||
HM | 315.64 | 19.67(6.2) | 193.21 | 22.49(11.6) | 80.65 | 10.88(13.5) | 72.08 | 8.69(12.1) | |||||||||||||
四倍体 Tetraploid | YS2 | 279.90 | 43.91(15.7) | 224.51 | 50.21(22.4) | 207.47 | 56.36(27.2) | 18.97 | 14.22(75.0) | ||||||||||||
ZP2 | 287.21 | 72.18(25.1) | 232.13 | 80.27(34.6) | 104.15 | 36.02(34.6) | 17.24 | 10.78(62.5) | |||||||||||||
YLM | 336.03 | 47.31(14.1) | 176.22 | 50.09(28.4) | 56.05 | 23.65(42.2) | 23.30 | 17.47(75.0) | |||||||||||||
六倍体 Hexaploid | YM9 | 244.81 | 35.74(14.6) | 170.23 | 37.92(22.2) | 129.95 | 34.22(26.3) | 90.10 | 34.01(37.7) | ||||||||||||
YM158 | 206.27 | 33.76(16.4) | 183.99 | 35.06(19.1) | 130.46 | 34.77(26.7) | 81.47 | 32.60(40.0) | |||||||||||||
八倍体 Octoploid | XHM | 265.89 | 25.84(9.7) | 195.45 | 27.51(14.1) | 173.70 | 25.17(14.5) | 120.50 | 19.42(16.1) |
表1 不同小麦进化材料生育后期单株叶面积的变化
Table 1 Changes of leaf area per plant of different wheat evolution materials during late growth period (cm2·plant-1)
倍性 Ploidy | 小麦进化材料 Wheat evolution materials | 孕穗 Booting | 开花 Anthesis | 花后10天 10 days after anthesis | 花后20天 20 days after anthesis | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | FLA | LA | FLA | LA | FLA | LA | FLA | ||||||||||||||
二倍体 Dioploid | YS1 | 414.89 | 60.40(14.6) | 235.46 | 62.09(26.4) | 116.40 | 65.32(56.1) | 15.40 | 12.35(80.2) | ||||||||||||
ZP1 | 426.73 | 41.23(9.7) | 269.97 | 47.34(17.5) | 118.50 | 43.93(37.1) | 12.75 | 10.51(82.4) | |||||||||||||
JJM | 332.61 | 48.97(14.7) | 311.21 | 56.84(18.3) | 81.90 | 31.89(39.0) | 10.39 | 10.36(99.7) | |||||||||||||
HM | 315.64 | 19.67(6.2) | 193.21 | 22.49(11.6) | 80.65 | 10.88(13.5) | 72.08 | 8.69(12.1) | |||||||||||||
四倍体 Tetraploid | YS2 | 279.90 | 43.91(15.7) | 224.51 | 50.21(22.4) | 207.47 | 56.36(27.2) | 18.97 | 14.22(75.0) | ||||||||||||
ZP2 | 287.21 | 72.18(25.1) | 232.13 | 80.27(34.6) | 104.15 | 36.02(34.6) | 17.24 | 10.78(62.5) | |||||||||||||
YLM | 336.03 | 47.31(14.1) | 176.22 | 50.09(28.4) | 56.05 | 23.65(42.2) | 23.30 | 17.47(75.0) | |||||||||||||
六倍体 Hexaploid | YM9 | 244.81 | 35.74(14.6) | 170.23 | 37.92(22.2) | 129.95 | 34.22(26.3) | 90.10 | 34.01(37.7) | ||||||||||||
YM158 | 206.27 | 33.76(16.4) | 183.99 | 35.06(19.1) | 130.46 | 34.77(26.7) | 81.47 | 32.60(40.0) | |||||||||||||
八倍体 Octoploid | XHM | 265.89 | 25.84(9.7) | 195.45 | 27.51(14.1) | 173.70 | 25.17(14.5) | 120.50 | 19.42(16.1) |
倍性 Ploidy | 小麦进化材料 Wheat evolution materials | 单株穗数 Spikes per plant | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike | 千粒重 1 000 kernels weight(g) | 产量(克/株) Yield(g·plant-1) | 收获指数 Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
二倍体Dioploid | YS1 | 7.62 | 10.80 | 22.22 | 1.78cd | 0.17d |
ZP1 | 5.62 | 14.94 | 18.48 | 1.56d | 0.15d | |
JJM | 5.71 | 15.64 | 21.77 | 1.82cd | 0.19cd | |
HM | 2.81 | 38.16 | 21.19 | 2.35b | 0.23b | |
四倍体Tetraploid | YS2 | 5.57 | 12.31 | 25.38 | 1.75c | 0.17d |
ZP2 | 3.90 | 26.35 | 25.09 | 2.60b | 0.22bc | |
YLM | 3.38 | 20.39 | 40.48 | 2.20bc | 0.22bc | |
六倍体Hexaploid | YM9 | 2.29 | 40.11 | 41.33 | 3.74a | 0.38a |
YM9 | 2.38 | 37.26 | 38.21 | 3.40a | 0.34a | |
八倍体Octoploid | XHM | 2.52 | 36.64 | 38.27 | 3.54a | 0.33a |
表2 不同小麦进化材料产量及产量构成因素的差异
Table 2 Differences of grain yield and yield components in different wheat evolution materials
倍性 Ploidy | 小麦进化材料 Wheat evolution materials | 单株穗数 Spikes per plant | 穗粒数 Kernels per spike | 千粒重 1 000 kernels weight(g) | 产量(克/株) Yield(g·plant-1) | 收获指数 Harvest index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
二倍体Dioploid | YS1 | 7.62 | 10.80 | 22.22 | 1.78cd | 0.17d |
ZP1 | 5.62 | 14.94 | 18.48 | 1.56d | 0.15d | |
JJM | 5.71 | 15.64 | 21.77 | 1.82cd | 0.19cd | |
HM | 2.81 | 38.16 | 21.19 | 2.35b | 0.23b | |
四倍体Tetraploid | YS2 | 5.57 | 12.31 | 25.38 | 1.75c | 0.17d |
ZP2 | 3.90 | 26.35 | 25.09 | 2.60b | 0.22bc | |
YLM | 3.38 | 20.39 | 40.48 | 2.20bc | 0.22bc | |
六倍体Hexaploid | YM9 | 2.29 | 40.11 | 41.33 | 3.74a | 0.38a |
YM9 | 2.38 | 37.26 | 38.21 | 3.40a | 0.34a | |
八倍体Octoploid | XHM | 2.52 | 36.64 | 38.27 | 3.54a | 0.33a |
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