水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以生产上广泛使用的水稻(Oryza sativa)品种‘汕优63’、‘扬稻6号’和‘武育粳3号’为材料,研究了水分胁迫对结实期水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响。结果表明:正常施氮水平下,花后10~20 d的水分胁迫提高了谷氨酰胺合成酶(Glutamine synthetase,GS)和谷氨酸合酶(Glutamate synthase,GOGAT)活性,提高了籽粒自身利用无机氮合成氨基酸的能力,从而利于籽粒内蛋白质的积累,而高氮水平下,水分胁迫降低了籽粒自身合成氨基酸的能力。以重量为基数的蛋白质含有率在整个灌浆过程中呈“V”型消长,正常施氮水平下,水分胁迫明显提高了花后15 d至成熟期蛋白质含有率,而高氮水平下,水分胁迫处理的蛋白质含有率明显低于水层灌溉。与水层灌溉相比,水分胁迫提高了正常施氮水平下精米中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,但却明显降低了高氮水平下精米中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量。水分胁迫对稻米中赖氨酸含量的影响因品种、植株的氮营养水平的不同而不同,水分胁迫显著降低了两种氮肥水平下‘汕优63’中赖氨酸含量,但却明显提高‘扬稻6号’中赖氨酸含量;而‘武育粳3号’于两种氮肥水平下表现恰好相反,正常施氮水平下赖氨酸含量略有升高;而高氮水平下赖氨酸含量明显降低。

关键词: 水分胁迫, 蛋白质积累, 赖氨酸, 水稻

Abstract:

Aims Soil drying is an important factor threatening rice production in China, and there has been much recent research on the development of grain yield and quality in rice grown under shortages of water. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of soil moisture and N supply levels on rice grain N accumulation and nutrient quality.
Methods We conducted a pot study using three rice cultivars and varying in N content to examine physiological characteristics for N accumulation and distribution to grains during the grain-filling period in response to water stress and N supply exposure at heading stage.
Important findings The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) involved in N metabolism were enhanced by mild water stress at 10-20 DAA (days after anthesis) under normal N level, and abilities to synthesize amino acids were improved, which promoted the accumulation of N and elevated the protein content in grains. However, the activities of GS and GOGAT were negatively affected by mild water stress with exposure to high N level, which resulted in decreased synthesis of amino acids. The dynamic changes of the ratio of protein to grain weight presented a “V" type during grain-filling. Water stress improved the ratio of protein to grain weight from 15 DAA to harvest under normal N level, but the ratio was decreased by water stress under higher N level when compared with well-watered treatments. Changes of four component parts of protein subjected to water stress varied with nitrogen levels and cultivars. Compared to well-watered treatment, the water-stressed treatment had higher contents of prolamine and glutelin under normal N level, but the contents of prolamine and glutelin subjected to water stress were significantly less than those in the well-watered treatment under higher N level. Water stress affected the lysine content of grains, and varied with cultivars and N supplies. Lysine contents of `Shanyou63' under two N levels were decreased by water stress, but were increased in `Yangdao6'. The variation observed in enzymes involved in N metabolism and partitioning at grain filling to grains of the rice imposed by water stress at heading indicated that plant genotypes influence N accumulation and protein components of grains and subsequent nutrient quality.

Key words: water stress, accumulation of protein, lysine, Oryza sativa

蔡一霞, 王维, 朱庆森. 水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 536-543. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0067

CAI Yi-Xia, WANG Wei, ZHU Qing-Sen. EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS ON NUTRIENT QUALITY AND ACCUMULATION OF PROTEIN IN RICE GRAINS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 536-543. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0067

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0067

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I3/536

图/表 5

图1 不同土水势下籽粒中GS和GOGAT活性的变化

Fig.1 Changes of activities of GS and GOGAT in the grains HN-WW: 高氮水层灌溉处理 High nitrogon with well water HN-WS: 高氮水分胁迫处理 High nitrogen with water stress NN-WW: 正常施氮水层灌溉处理 Normal nitrogen with well water NN-WS: 正常施氮水分胁迫处理 Normal nitrogen with water stress

图2 不同土水势下两种氮肥水平下籽粒中蛋白质含量的变化

Fig.2 Change of protein content of grain under two nitrogen levels and different soil water potentials NN-WW、HN-WS、NN-WW、NN-WS:同图1 See Fig. 1

图3 水分胁迫对两种氮肥水平下精米中粗蛋白含量的影响

Fig.3 Protein contents of rice grain in two nitrogen levels subjected to water stress NN-WW、HN-WS、NN-WW、NN-WS:同图1 See Fig. 1

表1 水分胁迫对两种氮肥水平下精米中蛋白质各组份含量的影响(%)

Table 1 Effect of water stress on the components of protein of milled rice in two nitrogen level

品种 Cultivars	处理 Treatments	清蛋白 Albumin	球蛋白 Globulin	醇溶蛋白 Prolamine	谷蛋白 Glutelin
‘汕优63’ Shanyou63	HN-WW	0.47^b	0.73^a	1.22^a	11.13^a
	HN-WS	0.40^b	0.60^b	1.00^b	10.75^b
	NN-WW	0.60^a	0.55^b	0.42^d	9.73^d
	NN-WS	0.57^a	0.50^b	0.70^c	9.88^c
‘扬稻6号’ Yangdao6	HN-WW	0.51^b	0.41^a	0.90^a	10.98^a
	HN-WS	0.43^b	0.38^ab	0.74^b	10.50^b
	NN-WW	0.62^a	0.34^b	0.64^b	8.50^d
	NN-WS	0.61^a	0.36^b	0.70^b	8.80^c
‘武育粳3号’ Wuyujing3	HN-WW	0.30^c	0.84^a	0.88^a	9.23^a
	HN-WS	0.26^c	0.78^a	0.70^b	8.86^b
	NN-WW	0.61^a	0.61^b	0.61^c	7.42^d
	NN-WS	0.40^b	0.68^b	0.64^bc	7.68^c

表2 水分胁迫对两种氮肥水平下精米中赖氨酸含量的影响(mg·mg-1)

Table 2 Effect of water stress on the lysine content in two nitrogen levels (mg·mg-1)

处理 Treatments	‘汕优63’Shanyou63	‘扬稻6号’Yangdao6	‘武育粳3号’Wuyujing3
HN-WW	7.58±0.281	5.58±0.065	5.18±0.169
HN-WS	7.04±0.523	6.37±0.101	4.93±0.135
NN-WW	6.27±0.065	4.64±0.299	4.15±0.001
NN-WS	5.69±0.055	4.76±0.479	4.32±0.135

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